scholarly journals Methyljasmonate and salicylic acid contribute to the control of Tilletia controversa Kühn, causal agent of wheat dwarf bunt

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Muhae-Ud-Din ◽  
Delai Chen ◽  
Taiguo Liu ◽  
Wanquan Chen ◽  
Li Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
The World ◽  
Tilletia Controversa ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dwarf Bunt

Abstract Tilletia controversa Kühn (TCK) is the causal agent of dwarf bunt of wheat, a destructive disease in wheat-growing regions of the world. The role of Meja, SA and Meja + SA were characterized for their control of TCK into roots, coleoptiles and anthers. The response of the defence genes PR-10a, Catalase, COI1-1, COII-2 and HRin1 was upregulated by Meja, SA and Meja + SA treatments, but Meja induced high level of expression compared to SA and Meja + SA at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in roots and coleoptiles, respectively. The severity of TCK effects in roots was greater at 1 week, but it decreased at 2 weeks in all treatments. We also investigated TCK hyphae proliferation into coleoptiles at 3 weeks and into anthers to determine whether hyphae move from the roots to the upper parts of the plants. The results showed that no hyphae were present in the coleoptiles and anthers of Meja-, SA- and Meja + SA-treated plants, while the hyphae were located on epidermal and sub-epidermal cells of anthers. In addition, the severity of hyphae increased with the passage of time as anthers matured. Bunted seeds were observed in the non-treated inoculated plants, while no disease symptoms were observed in the resistance of inducer treatments and control plants. Plant height was reduced after TCK infection compared to that of the treated inoculated and non-inoculated treatments. Together, these results suggested that Meja and SA display a distinct role in activation of defence genes in the roots and coleoptiles and that they eliminate the fungal pathogen movement to upper parts of the plants with the passage of time as the anthers mature.

REGIONALISM APPROACH UNDER THE COVID-19 CIRCUMSTANCES

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 126-133
Author(s):  
E. Rasoulinezhad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Economic Convergence ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
Different Parts

The outbreak of Covid-19 disease since late 2019 has led to fundamental changes in the process of globalization and liberalization of the world economy. In order to prevent the spread of this disease and control its negative consequences, many countries have implemented policies such as urban quarantine, cutting off passenger communication with neighboring countries and the world, closing tourist and tourist places, and implementing policies to protect domestic industries. In general, it led to the phenomenon of reverse globalization. According to the development of new economic convergence, which is based on the role of the market in economic relations between countries can play an important role in improving the productive capacity of countries in a region and create economic integration in different parts of the world. Such a state of integration in different parts of the world could be the solution to the process of globalization and in the post-Corona era, the concept of “one for all, all for one” was created at the regional and global level. As policy implications, the paper recommended some points to make a greater integration between Iran and Russia in the region

THE ROLE OF ACCOUNTING AND CONTROL IN THE MANAGEMENT OF ECONOMIC SECURITY OF AN ORGANIZATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-178
Author(s):  
Nicolay T. Labyntsev ◽  
Lyubov F. SHILOVA ◽  
Ocsana V. Chukhrova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Security ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Stability ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

This article revises the mission and the name of the accounting profession in the context of strengthening the economic security of enterprises under the conditions of digitalization of the economy. The authors note that in the contemporary conditions of economic management, enterprises should form and ensure the functioning of the economic security of the enterprise at the proper level. The necessity of in-depth research of economic security at microlevel was considered, the factors influencing the stability of the enterprise were highlighted. High level of economic security of the subject of management consists in guaranteeing him maximum effective and stable functioning now and in future. Subjects of economic security were individual enterprises, and objects — their economic interests. The main goals of ensuring economic security of the enterprise in the part of accounting were singled out, the tasks of accounting policy, aimed at ensuring economic security, were determined. The prospects of the accounting profession in the process of ensuring economic security and reliable safe presentation of the results of doing business in reporting are substantiated. The study contains proposals on the revision of requirements for the qualifications of accountants in order to emphasize their activities aimed at strengthening the economic security of the enterprise.

The World Heritage Convention in the Arctic and Indigenous People: Time to Reform?

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Marsden
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
World Heritage Convention ◽  
World Heritage List ◽  
The World ◽  
United Nations Declaration ◽  
High Level

This article analyses the role of the World Heritage Convention in the Arctic, particularly the role of Indigenous people in environmental protection and governance of natural, mixed and transboundary properties. It outlines the Convention in an Arctic context, profiles Arctic properties on the World Heritage List and Tentative List, and considers Arctic properties that may appear on the List of World Heritage in Danger. It gives detailed consideration to examples of Arctic natural, mixed, and potentially transboundary, properties of greatest significance to Indigenous people with reference to their environmental protection and management. In doing so, it reviews and analyses recent high-level critiques of the application of the Convention in the Arctic. Conclusions follow, the most significant of which is that the Convention and its Operational Guidelines must be reformed to be consistent with the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous People.

scholarly journals A Private Welfare Agency for White-Collar Workers Between the Wars

1986 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-39
Author(s):  
Gregory Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Public Expenditure ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
White Collar ◽  
Welfare Provision ◽  
The World ◽  
White Collar Workers ◽  
High Level ◽  
Unemployment Problem ◽  
Voluntary Agencies

Despite the proliferation of studies concerned with the unemployment problem and the mechanics of welfare provision between the world wars, most historians have focused either on the difficulties facing manual workers or on the role of state services in the provision of benefits. This emphasis is not surprising given the persistence of a high level of manual unemployment in this period, which led in turn to an unprecedented demand for maintenance and a huge increase in public expenditure on unemployment relief. However, the emphasis upon manual workers has led to an unfortunate neglect of other sections of the labour-force, while the concern with the evolution of state services has diverted attention from the continuing importance of voluntary agencies in the field of welfare provision.

scholarly journals DNA marker of Tilletia controversa Kühn, a causal agent of wheat dwarf bunt

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
W.-Q. Chen ◽  
T.-G. Liu ◽  
J.-H. Liu ◽  
S.-Ch. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Tilletia Controversa ◽  
Dwarf Bunt

see the full text

Spaces of Intentionality: Race, Class, and Horizontality at the United States Social Forum

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Juris
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Open Space ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Social Forum ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Democratic Practice ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

The World Social Forum process has sought to provide an "open space" for diverse movements to exchange ideas, interact, and coordinate as they build another world. Despite this inclusive impulse, many of the forums have been disproportionately white and middle class. Through an ethnographic account of the 2007 United States Social Forum (USSF) in Atlanta, I examine one high-profile attempt to overcome this lack of diversity by establishing what I refer to as an "intentional" space. I argue that the intentional strategy pursued by USSF organizers achieved a high level of diversity in racial and class terms, but de-emphasized the role of the forum as a "contact zone" for translation, sharing, and exchange among diverse movement sectors. However, given the strong desire to overcome past exclusions among participants, the privileging of intentionality over openness and horizontality was widely viewed as legitimate, which has important implications for democratic practice.

scholarly journals The Role of (E)-2-octenyl Acetate as a Pheromone of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister): Laboratory and Field Evaluation

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Mokhtar Abdulsattar Arif ◽  
Salvatore Guarino ◽  
Stefano Colazza ◽  
Ezio Peri
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Mate Location ◽  
Intraspecific Interactions ◽  
Volatile Chemicals ◽  
Main Compound ◽  
The World ◽  
And Control ◽  
Antennal Responses

The pentatomid bug Bagrada hilaris is a key pest of brassicaceous crops in several areas of the world. Previous studies suggest that mate location of this species is mediated by volatile chemicals produced by males, among which the main compound is (E)-2-octenyl acetate. However, the possible attraction of males, females, and nymphs to this compound has not yet been specifically tested. In this study, we tested the response of B. hilaris females, males, and nymphs to (E)-2-octenyl acetate using an electroantennogram (EAG) and olfactometer in the presence or absence of a host plant. Moreover, (E)-2-octenyl acetate as an attractant lure in field trap bioassays was evaluated. EAG recordings showed that this compound evokes antennal responses in B. hilaris females. Olfactometer behavioral responses showed that females and nymphs were attracted to (E)-2-octenyl acetate, while males showed no attraction. In the field trap bioassays, captures were obtained in traps baited with 5 and 10 mg of (E)-2-octenyl acetate, while in traps loaded with 2 mg and control traps, there were no recorded catches. These results suggest the involvement of (E)-2-octenyl acetate in intraspecific interactions of this species.

Devolution, not decarceration: The limits of juvenile justice reform in Texas

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 578-609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Cate
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Justice ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Community Based ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control

Across the USA, a number of states have been reducing the number of juveniles sent to state-run corrections institutions. Findings from a case study on juvenile justice in Texas indicate that the effort to reduce the number of juveniles sent to large state institutions and to invest in “community-based corrections” has entrenched rather than challenged the role of the justice system in the lives of thousands of juveniles. Texas has cut the number of juveniles sent to state-run facilities, but has bolstered and expanded county probation and county detention, which is where the vast majority of juveniles have always been handled. Youth who continue to be sent to state-run facilities or who are housed in county-run institutions experience a high level of violence and are routinely subjected to solitary confinement. The popularity of deinstitutionalizing juveniles from state-run corrections institutions and increasing programming and control of offenders at the local level are animating the landscape of criminal justice policy across the country. The Texas case suggests that this narrow approach further consolidates the extensive role of the justice system in U.S. society.

A linear plasmid in Tilletia controversa, a fungal pathogen of wheat

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1098-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Kim ◽  
S. A. McNabb ◽  
G. R. Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Ribosomal Genes ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Ustilago Hordei ◽  
Tilletia Controversa ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Exonuclease Digestion ◽  
Dwarf Bunt

A linear 7.4-kilobase plasmid designated pTCT was isolated from mycelium of Tilletia controversa Kühn, the causal agent of dwarf bunt of wheat. Linearity was determined by construction of a physical map using eight restriction enzymes and by both 5′ and 3′ exonuclease digestion. pTCT is not homologous to ribosomal genes, nor is it homologous to any sequences in the total DNA of sporidia of Ustilago hordei (isolates 965 and 966) or urediosporelings of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (race C36(48)).

scholarly journals Some Sources of Misunderstandings in Intercultural Business Communication

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 91-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tímea Lázár
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Business Communication ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Minimum Level ◽  
Intercultural Skills ◽  
Intercultural Competencies ◽  
The World ◽  
High Level

It is always a big challenge for all types of companies anywhere in the world to survive in the globalised and accelerated world. Their primary objective is to stay competitive, keep or even enlarge their market share while keeping their costs at a minimum level. These corporations often cross borders and operate on a multinational level. In order to do that successfully they need flexible workforce: people who have a high level of intercultural competencies and can help their corporations to achieve their aim of profit maximising. It is widely accepted that culture and languages are among the most significant impacts on intercultural communication. In this paper first I am going to interpret intercultural communication and the role of culture and then look at different intercultural skills and the role of languages in intercultural communication. Some areas that might cause problems in intercultural business communication will also be described.

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