A linear plasmid in Tilletia controversa, a fungal pathogen of wheat

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 1098-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. Kim ◽  
S. A. McNabb ◽  
G. R. Klassen
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Ribosomal Genes ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Ustilago Hordei ◽  
Tilletia Controversa ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Exonuclease Digestion ◽  
Dwarf Bunt

A linear 7.4-kilobase plasmid designated pTCT was isolated from mycelium of Tilletia controversa Kühn, the causal agent of dwarf bunt of wheat. Linearity was determined by construction of a physical map using eight restriction enzymes and by both 5′ and 3′ exonuclease digestion. pTCT is not homologous to ribosomal genes, nor is it homologous to any sequences in the total DNA of sporidia of Ustilago hordei (isolates 965 and 966) or urediosporelings of Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici (race C36(48)).

scholarly journals Methyljasmonate and salicylic acid contribute to the control of Tilletia controversa Kühn, causal agent of wheat dwarf bunt

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Muhae-Ud-Din ◽  
Delai Chen ◽  
Taiguo Liu ◽  
Wanquan Chen ◽  
Li Gao
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Defence Genes ◽  
The World ◽  
Tilletia Controversa ◽  
High Level ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dwarf Bunt

Abstract Tilletia controversa Kühn (TCK) is the causal agent of dwarf bunt of wheat, a destructive disease in wheat-growing regions of the world. The role of Meja, SA and Meja + SA were characterized for their control of TCK into roots, coleoptiles and anthers. The response of the defence genes PR-10a, Catalase, COI1-1, COII-2 and HRin1 was upregulated by Meja, SA and Meja + SA treatments, but Meja induced high level of expression compared to SA and Meja + SA at 1, 2, and 3 weeks in roots and coleoptiles, respectively. The severity of TCK effects in roots was greater at 1 week, but it decreased at 2 weeks in all treatments. We also investigated TCK hyphae proliferation into coleoptiles at 3 weeks and into anthers to determine whether hyphae move from the roots to the upper parts of the plants. The results showed that no hyphae were present in the coleoptiles and anthers of Meja-, SA- and Meja + SA-treated plants, while the hyphae were located on epidermal and sub-epidermal cells of anthers. In addition, the severity of hyphae increased with the passage of time as anthers matured. Bunted seeds were observed in the non-treated inoculated plants, while no disease symptoms were observed in the resistance of inducer treatments and control plants. Plant height was reduced after TCK infection compared to that of the treated inoculated and non-inoculated treatments. Together, these results suggested that Meja and SA display a distinct role in activation of defence genes in the roots and coleoptiles and that they eliminate the fungal pathogen movement to upper parts of the plants with the passage of time as the anthers mature.

Construction of a genomic map ofMoraxella (Branhamella) catarrhalisATCC 25238 and physical mapping of virulence-associated genes

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
K T Nguyen ◽  
E J Hansen ◽  
M A Farinha
Keyword(s):  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Moraxella Catarrhalis ◽  
Southern Hybridization ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Circular Chromosome ◽  
Pulsed Field

A physical genome map of the Moraxella catarrhalis type strain (ATCC 25238) has been constructed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis. Macrorestriction analyses of the genome of M. catarrhalis were performed by digestion with the restriction enzymes SmaI, NotI, and RsrII, which cleave the single circular chromosome into 9, 10, and 6 fragments, respectively. The chromosomal fragments generated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis were converted to a linkage map utilizing a combination of partial digestions, and cross-hybridizations. Moraxella catarrhalis, like a number of other respiratory pathogens, has a relatively small genome estimated at 1750 kilobase pairs or about 40% of the size of the Escherichia coli genome. The locations of the four ribosomal RNA operons (rrnLS) were determined by Southern hybridization and by digestion with I-CeuI endonuclease. A number of genes involved in virulence have been placed onto the physical map by Southern hybridization including those encoding the predominant outer-membrane proteins and the chromosomal gene encoding beta-lactamase.Key words: Moraxella catarrhalis, physical map, genome analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, virulence.

scholarly journals A novel subgroup 16SrVII-D phytoplasma identified in association with erigeron witches' broom

2015 ◽  
Vol 65 (Pt_8) ◽  
pp. 2761-2765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Flôres ◽  
Ana Paula de Oliveira Amaral Mello ◽  
Thays Benites Camargo Pereira ◽  
Jorge Alberto Marques Rezende ◽  
Ivan Paulo Bedendo
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Phytoplasma Strain ◽  
Total Dna ◽  
Virtual Rflp ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene

Erigeron sp. plants showing symptoms of witches' broom and stunting were found near orchards of passion fruit in São Paulo state, Brazil. These symptoms were indicative of infection by phytoplasmas. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect and identify possible phytoplasmas associated with diseased plants. Total DNA was extracted from symptomatic and asymptomatic plants and used in nested PCR conducted with the primer pairs P1/Tint and R16F2n/16R2. Amplification of genomic fragments of 1.2 kb from the 16S rRNA gene confirmed the presence of phytoplasma in all symptomatic samples. The sequence identity scores between the 16S rRNA gene of the phytoplasma strain identified in the current study and those of previously reported ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini’-related strains ranged from 98 % to 99 % indicating the phytoplasma to be a strain affiliated with ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma fraxini’. The results from a phylogenetic analysis and virtual RFLP analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence with 17 restriction enzymes revealed that the phytoplasma strain belongs to the ash yellows phytoplasma group (16SrVII); the similarity coefficient of RFLP patterns further suggested that the phytoplasma represents a novel subgroup, designated 16SrVII-D. The representative of this new subgroup was named EboWB phytoplasma (Erigeron bonariensis Witches' Broom).

Tilletia controversa. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1983 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Waller
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Tilletia Controversa ◽  
Dwarf Bunt

Abstract A description is provided for Tilletia controversa. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Aegilops, Agropyron, Alopecurus, Arrhenatherum, Beckmannia, Bromus, Dactylis, Elymus, Festuca, Holcus, Hordeum, Koehleria, Lolium, Poa, Secale, Triticum, Trisetum. DISEASE: Causes dwarf bunt of winter wheat, and occurs sporadically on many grasses. Occasionally infects winter barley. Infected plants develop chlorotic flecks at an early stage, are markedly stunted, and produce rather fat, persistently green ears with protuberant spikes caused by the bunt balls which fill the grain. As with T. caries (CMI Descriptions No. 719) and T. foetida (CMI Descriptions No. 720) the contents of the grain are converted to a mass of teliospores which constitute the bunt ball. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe (except Spain and UK); N. Africa, W. Asia, N. America, Argentina and Uruguay (CMI Map 297, ed. 2, 1968). TRANSMISSION: Teliospores are released when the grain is harvested and contaminate soil and seed. Soil-borne spores are the major source of inoculum for infecting crops which occurs between December and April in NW USA (43, 1295). Teliospores in bunt balls can remain viable in the soil for several years.

scholarly journals DNA marker of Tilletia controversa Kühn, a causal agent of wheat dwarf bunt

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 13-13
Author(s):  
W.-Q. Chen ◽  
T.-G. Liu ◽  
J.-H. Liu ◽  
S.-Ch. Xu
Keyword(s):  
Full Text ◽  
Dna Marker ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Tilletia Controversa ◽  
Dwarf Bunt

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scholarly journals Mining the effector repertoire of the biotrophic fungal pathogen Ustilago hordei during host and non-host infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 2603-2622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilal Ökmen ◽  
Daniel Mathow ◽  
Alexander Hof ◽  
Urs Lahrmann ◽  
Daniela Aßmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Ustilago Hordei ◽  
Host Infection

scholarly journals Linkage Map of Escherichia coli K-12, Edition 10: The Physical Map

1998 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 985-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth E. Rudd
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Physical Map ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Open Reading Frames ◽  
Sequence Elements ◽  
Systematic Nomenclature ◽  
Repetitive Extragenic Palindrome ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
K 12 ◽  
Reading Frames

SUMMARY A physical map, EcoMap10, of the now completely sequenced Escherichia coli chromosome is presented. Calculated genomic positions for the eight restriction enzymes BamHI, HindIII, EcoRI, EcoRV, BglI, KpnI, PstI, and PvuII are depicted. Both sequenced and unsequenced Kohara/Isono miniset clones are aligned to this calculated restriction map. DNA sequence searches identify the precise locations of insertion sequence elements and repetitive extragenic palindrome clusters. EcoGene10, a revised set of genes and functionally uncharacterized open reading frames (ORFs), is also depicted on EcoMap10. The complete set of unnamed ORFs in EcoGene10 are assigned provisional names beginning with the letter “y” by using a systematic nomenclature.

scholarly journals Nonhomologous End Joining during Restriction Enzyme-Mediated DNA Integration in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1736-1745 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palaniyandi Manivasakam ◽  
Robert H. Schiestl
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Restriction Enzyme ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Nonhomologous End Joining ◽  
End Joining ◽  
Dna Integration ◽  
Exonuclease Digestion

ABSTRACT The BamHI restriction enzyme mediates integration of nonhomologous DNA into the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome (R. H. Schiestl and T. D. Petes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:7585–7589, 1991). The present study investigates the mechanism of such events: in particular, the mediating activity of various restriction enzymes and the processing of resultant fragment ends. Our results show that in addition to BamHI, BglII and KpnI increase DNA integration efficiencies severalfold, while Asp718, HindIII, EcoRI,SalI, SmaI, HpaI, MscI, and SnaBI do not. Secondly, the three active enzymes stimulated integrations only of fragments containing 5′ or 3′ overhangs but not of blunt-ended fragments. Thirdly, integrations mediated by one enzyme and utilizing a substrate created by another required at least 2 bp of homology. Furthermore, an Asp718 fragment possessing a 5′ overhang integrated into a KpnI (isoschizomer) site possessing a 3′ overhang, most likely by filling of the 5′ overhang followed by 5′ exonuclease digestion to produce a 3′ end. We classified and analyzed the restriction enzyme-mediated integration events in the context of their genomic positions. The majority of events integrated into single sites. In the remaining 6 of 19 cases each end of the plasmid inserted into a different sequence, producing rearrangements such as duplications, deletions, and translocations.

scholarly journals Intraspecific mitochondrial DNA polymorphism within the emerging filamentous fungal pathogen Trichoderma longibrachiatum

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Antal ◽  
János Varga ◽  
László Kredics ◽  
András Szekeres ◽  
Lóránt Hatvani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Trichoderma Longibrachiatum ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Polymorphism ◽  
Mitochondrial Dnas ◽  
Dna Profiles

The genetic diversity of the emerging fungal pathogen Trichoderma longibrachiatum was examined at the level of mitochondrial DNA. The 17 investigated strains, comprising nine clinical and eight non-clinical isolates, exhibited seven and ten different mitochondrial DNA profiles by using the restriction enzymes BsuRI and Hin6I, respectively. The sizes of mitochondrial DNAs varied from 34·9 to 39·5 kb. The discriminatory power of the method was higher than that of internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis and therefore should be more suitable for identification and epidemiological investigations. However, clinical and non-clinical isolates did not form separate clusters on the resulting dendrogram and thus there was no indication of a correlation between genetic structure and pathogenicity of the isolates.

scholarly journals Bacteriophage φYeO3-12, Specific forYersinia enterocolitica Serotype O:3, Is Related to Coliphages T3 and T7

2000 ◽  
Vol 182 (18) ◽  
pp. 5114-5120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Pajunen ◽  
Saija Kiljunen ◽  
Mikael Skurnik
Keyword(s):  
Physical Map ◽  
Burst Size ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Close Relative ◽  
Lytic Phage ◽  
Serotype O ◽  
One Step ◽  
Phage Capsid ◽  
Phage Receptor

Bacteriophage φYeO3-12 is a lytic phage of Yersinia enterocolitica serotype O:3. The phage receptor is the lipopolysaccharide O chain of this serotype that consists of the rare sugar 6-deoxy-l-altropyranose. A one-step growth curve of φYeO3-12 revealed eclipse and latent periods of 15 and 25 min, respectively, with a burst size of about 120 PFU per infected cell. In electron microscopy φYeO3-12 virions showed pentagonal outlines, indicating their icosahedral nature. The phage capsid was shown to be composed of at least 10 structural proteins, of which a protein of 43 kDa was predominant. N-terminal sequences of three structural proteins were determined, two of them showing strong homology to structural proteins of coliphages T3 and T7. The phage genome was found to consist of a double-stranded DNA molecule of 40 kb without cohesive ends. A physical map of the phage DNA was constructed using five restriction enzymes. The phage infection could be effectively neutralized using serum from a rabbit immunized with whole φYeO3-12 particles. The antiserum also neutralized T3 infection, although not as efficiently as that of φYeO3-12. φYeO3-12 was found to share, in addition to the N-terminal sequence homology, several common features with T3, including morphology and nonsubjectibility to F exclusion. The evidence conclusively indicated that φYeO3-12 is the first close relative of phage T3 to be described.

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