scholarly journals Unequal chances: ex ante fairness and individual control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leticia Micheli ◽  
Nickolas Gagnon
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Control ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Financial Outcomes ◽  
Individual Control ◽  
Ex Ante ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Do So

AbstractUnequal financial outcomes often originate from unequal chances. Yet, compared to outcomes, little is known about how individuals perceive unequal distributions of chances. We investigate empirically the role of different sources of unequal chances in shaping inequality perceptions. Importantly, we do so from an ex ante perspective—i.e., before the chances are realized—which has rarely been explored. In an online survey, we asked uninvolved respondents to evaluate ex ante the fairness of unequal allocations of chances. We varied the source of inequality of chances, using a comprehensive range of factors which resemble several real world situations. Respondents also evaluated how much control individuals hold over the distribution of chances. Results show that different sources generate different ex ante perception of fairness. That is, unequal chances based on socioeconomic and biological factors, such as gender, family income and ethnicity, are evaluated to be unfair relative to the same chances based on effort, knowledge, and benevolence. Results also show that, for most individuals, there is a positive correlation between perceived control of a factor and fairness of unequal chances based on that factor. Luck appears to be an exception to this correlation, ranking as high in fairness as effort, knowledge, and benevolence, but similarly low in individual control as ethnicity, family income, and gender.

Determinants of Muslim travellers Halal food consumption attitude and behavioural intentions

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah ◽  
Nurul Alia Aqilah Hamdan
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Halal Food

Purpose The demand for Muslim friendly tourism industry has been gaining momentum from the increasing number of Muslim travellers globally. This paper aims to examine the role of religiosity in Muslim travellers Halal food consumption attitude and behaviour while travelling to the non-Muslim destination. Design/methodology/approach A total of 384 respondents participated in this study through an online survey. This study used the partial least square structural equation modelling to assess the survey measurements and hypotheses testing. Findings This study asserts that the Muslim travellers’ Halal consumption attitude relies heavily on their level of religiosity, subjective norms and perceived control behaviour. Besides, the results provide evidence that consumption attitude mediates the relationship between religiosity, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control and intention in consuming Halal food products while travelling abroad. Practical implications This study highlighted the critical aspects of an emerging Muslim market that travel for leisure with the urge to comply with their Islamic teachings and religiosity. It is vital for non-Muslim tourism destination marketers to tailor their marketing strategies and consider promoting Islamic dietary rules when planning their travel packages. Originality/value This study is one of the few that focus on Muslim-friendly tourism and the role of religiosity in Muslim traveller’s Halal food consumption behaviour. This study confirms that the theory of planned behaviour model can be used to explain Muslim travellers Halal food consumption attitude while travelling to a non-Muslim destination.

The catecholamine response to spaceflight: role of diet and gender

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (3) ◽  
pp. E500-E506 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Stein ◽  
C. E. Wade
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Catecholamine Excretion ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Catecholamine Response ◽  
Fluid Shifts ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Specific ◽  
Do So

Compared with men, women appear to have a decreased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) response to stress. The two manifestations where the sexual dimorphism has been the most pronounced involve the response of the SNS to fluid shifts and fuel metabolism during exercise. The objectives of this study were to investigate whether a similar sexual dimorphism was found in the response to spaceflight. To do so, we compared catecholamine excretion by male and female astronauts from two similar shuttle missions, Spacelab Life Sciences 1 (SLS1, 1991) and 2 (SLS2, 1993) for evidence of sexual dimorphism. To evaluate the variability of the catecholamine response in men, we compared catecholamine excretion from the two SLS missions against the 1996 Life and Microgravity Sciences Mission (LMS) and the 1973 Skylab missions. Results: No gender- or mission-dependent changes were found with epinephrine. Separating out the SLS1/2 data by gender shows that norepinephrine excretion was essentially unchanged with spaceflight in women (98 ± 10%; n = 3) and substantially decreased with the men (41 ± 9%; n= 4, P < 0.05). Data are a percentage of mean preflight value ± SE. Comparisons among males demonstrated significant mission effects on norepinephrine excretion. After flight, there was a transient increase in norepinephrine but no evidence of any gender-specific effects. We conclude that norepinephrine excretion during spaceflight is both mission and gender dependent. Men show the greater response, with at least three factors being involved, a response to microgravity, energy balance, and the ratio of carbohydrate to fat in the diet.

Multimodale Listen. Form und Funktion körperlicher Ressourcen in Aufzählungen in französischen, spanischen und italienischen Interaktionen

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-104
Author(s):  
Philipp Dankel ◽  
Ignacio Satti
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Interactional Linguistics ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Cross Lingual ◽  
And Function ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Do So

Abstract This article focuses on the practice of listing in Talk-in-Interaction. Lists are frequently used in spoken language as a discursive resource and can be considered as a universal, cross-lingual practice for structuring ideas. As such, they have been given attention in several fields of linguistics, mainly in intonation research, conversation analysis and interactional linguistics. However, the role of gestures and other physical forms of expression in listing has been mostly disregarded so far. For this reason, we attempt to cast light on the form and function of gestures and other bodily resources that are embedded in this practice. We argue that lists are multimodal and that bodily resources play a major role in establishing the format and in organizing the interaction. In order to do so, we use a broad collection of examples from different sources in French, Italian and Spanish.

Explaining sexual minorities’ disclosure: The role of trust embedded in organizational practices

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 947-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Capell ◽  
Shay S. Tzafrir ◽  
Guy Enosh ◽  
Simon L. Dolan
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Workplace Discrimination ◽  
Psychological Variables ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Organizational Policies And Practices ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Policies And Practices

This paper reports on an empirical study that demonstrated how organizational inclusion practices and employees’ trust in their organization and supervisors affect their willingness to share personal information that could potentially lead to workplace discrimination. The findings are based on data obtained from 431 sexual- and gender-minority employees using an anonymous online survey. The results reveal that trust in the organization and the supervisor fully mediates the relationship between organizational policies and practices and workplace disclosure. In other words, in organizations where policies and practices generate trust, employees are more willing to disclose their minority identity. Our analysis also reveals how trust in the organization and the supervisor interacts with psychological variables associated with the workplace disclosure decision.

scholarly journals Effect of the Lockdown Due to COVID-19 on Sexuality: The Mediating Role of Sexual Practices and Arousal in the Relationship Between Gender and Sexual Self-Esteem

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110289
Author(s):  
Carmen Rodríguez-Domínguez ◽  
Cristina Lafuente-Bacedoni ◽  
Mercedes Durán
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Behaviors ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The scientific evidence suggests that COVID-19 is affecting much more than the physical health of individuals, particularly in places where a lockdown has been established to slow down the spread of the virus. An area that may be particularly affected is human sexuality. This study explored the impact of the situation generated by COVID-19 on the sexuality of 201 adults living in Spain. We collected data cross-sectionally through an online survey during the month of April 2020. Results showed a reduction of sexual self-esteem and a decrease in the number of interpersonal sexual relations, although the frequency of masturbation and the consumption of pornography did not vary compared to previous levels. A regression analysis showed that masturbation, the ability to maintain sexual arousal and interpersonal sex were mediating variables in the relationship between gender – specifically being male – and having higher sexual self-esteem during the lockdown. This study provides new insight on the relevance of certain sexual behaviors in a pandemic situation with considerable social restrictions and on the effect of this situation on sexual self-esteem and arousal. It brings some clarity on the relationship between sexual self-esteem and gender, about which there is currently no consensus in the scientific literature.

scholarly journals Gamification as an Engagement Tool in E-Learning Websites

10.28945/4653 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 833-854
Author(s):  
Sofia Rebelo ◽  
Pedro Isaías
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Online Courses ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
E Learning ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Different Sources

Aim/Purpose: As e-Learning becomes increasingly pervasive, students’ engagement in online settings emerges as a central challenge, as it is often more demanding to ensure in this context. The core importance of engagement for e-Learning, places a focus on various instruments and strategies that can be deployed to foster its enhancement. Background: Gamification is often depicted as a significant instrument to drive engagement, behavior change, and loyalty, which can be of great significance to online learning. This paper aims to examine the relationship between the application of gamification tools and the level of engagement in e-Learning websites. Methodology: This research used two methods: the analysis of e-Learning websites and an online survey with a convenience and purposive sample of e-Learning and/or gamification experts. Contribution: This paper adds to the existing body of research by placing and emphasis on and examining the positive role of gamification as an engagement instrument with valuable potential for e-Learning. Findings: The results showed that the majority of the selected e-Learning websites use gamification and engagement elements and that the tools that are more commonly used were deemed as the most effective, by the experts. It became equally evident that the deployment of a larger number of gamification and engagement elements have positive repercussions in the enhancement of engagement, which can have constructive ramifications for the effectiveness of e-Learning. Recommendations for Practitioners: From a practitioner’s viewpoint the findings can assist both learning designers and teachers in the creation of gamification strategies to enhance students’ engagement. As a central challenge of e-Learning courses, engagement requires a multifaceted approach to be addressed effectively and knowing the strategies that have positive outcomes is a step forward in ensuring that the students can enroll in online courses and not be compromised with respect to their engagement. Finally, the lack of engagement can have serious repercussions not only on the learning experience of the students, but also on their actual academic performance. Hence, it is important to guide educators towards good design practices that can maximize engagement in these settings. Recommendation for Researchers: From a research perspective, these findings add to a growing body of studies that focus on the benefits of gamification by highlighting its positive repercussions on engagement and identifying which elements are more effective. In addition, the use of different sources of data provided a wider illustration of what is currently the use of gamification elements by functioning e-Learning websites and how those who apply them in practice in their courses perceive these elements. Future Research: Future research endeavours can focus on exploring students’ perceptions of gamification and how it influences their leaning performance.

Jordanian parental efficacy about the reduction of adolescent behavior problems

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 1073-1080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fayez A. Simadi ◽  
Hmoud Olimat ◽  
Fawwaz Momani
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Problem Behaviors ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Parental Efficacy ◽  
Adolescent Problem Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Behavior Problems ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Northern Jordan

Parenting beliefs about efficacy in the prevention of adolescent problem behaviors in Jordan in terms of some sociodemographic factors are examined in this study. A group of 171 parents to adolescent children was randomly selected from several areas in northern Jordan. ANOVAs were used to examine the role of sociodemographic variables in explaining parents' beliefs about their efficacy in preventing such problems. Predictor variables included parents' educational attainment, family income, place of living, occupation, and gender. Results revealed a significant impact in the fields of educational attainment, gender, and family place of living on the parents' belief in their efficacy, while occupation and family income were less significant.

scholarly journals OMANI PARENTS’ BELIEFS ABOUT THEIR COMPETNCE IN DEALING WITH THEIR ADOLESCENT CHILDREN’S BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Fayez A. Simadi
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the effect of some demographic variables such as educational achievement, income, residence, profession and gender on parents’ beliefs about their competence to deal with their adolescent children’s behavioral problems. The adolescent behavioral problems investigated in this study include failure in school, alcoholism and addiction to drugs. A group of 350 parents of adolescent children was randomly selected from several districts in the Governorate of Muscat in the Sultanate of Oman. The researcher developed a questionnaire to measure the impact of these variables on certain behavioral problems specifically identified for the study. ANOVA was used to examine the role of socio-demographic variables in explaining parents’ beliefs about their competence to prevent such problems. Results reveal a positive impact for the variables: educational achievement, occupation, family income, gender, and place of residence. To investigate the effects of these sociodemographic factors on each of the dimensions of competence, MANOVA was used. Results show that there is a direct relationship between the variable of level of income and children’s failure in school, and that the variable of gender and the problem of alcoholism and drug addiction are related. Finally, the variable of place of residence is related to the problems of alcoholism, addiction to drugs and school failure. These results were discussed in light of findings of similar previous studies and within the framework of the Omani social lifestyles. 

scholarly journals Landscaping Pre-Service Teachers’ Stress Caused by Lack of Financial Management

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Ramanaidu Rao Ramesh ◽  
Ghanaguru Sharmini ◽  
Antonysamy Carolina Assunta ◽  
Prakash Nair Sadhna
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Distinctive Feature ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Determinant Factor

Age plays an important role in the financial behavior of people. Financial matters are usually more seriously perceived at later stages of life. Nevertheless, the role of age in financial behavior is inconclusive. This study intends to add to the literature on financial behavior by focusing on the relationship between expenditure planning, gender and stress. The distinctive feature of this study is its scope and the sample of people participating in it. Besides being young, the participants are pre-service teachers. Hence, studying their financial behavior also augurs well for the nation, for these are the shapers of its future. Using an online survey, 127 pre-service teachers responded to 17 questions, dwelling mainly on their financial behavior. Logistic regression was then used to identify whether expenditure planning is related to stress and gender. The findings reveal that the failure to plan one’s expenditures could cause stress and in which gender could be the determinant factor. Thus, it is recommended to take actions on higher rate of financial literacy among pre-service teachers.

scholarly journals Educação e gênero após Auschwitz: em busca de uma educação humanizadora do outro

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 124
Author(s):  
Jenerton Arlan Schütz ◽  
Ivan Schwengber
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Critical Theory ◽  
Complex Issue ◽  
Brazilian Society ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Do So

O presente ensaio, de cunho filosófico, tematiza o tratamento da questão da educação e as diferenças de gênero, o que, de fato, é um tema muito complexo em nossa sociedade. Para tanto, parte-se do horizonte do mundo da vida, de modo que o texto é uma tentativa de intencionalidade da consciência. O ethos pedagógico e histórico da sociedade brasileira é o alicerce deste ensaio, no qual categoriza-se o sujeito mulher e, a partir da teoria crítica de Adorno, apresenta um alerta para o papel da educação. Ademais, o texto é uma reflexão sobre as bases epistemológicas e discursivas do tratamento da questão de gênero e seus reflexos para uma educação humanizadora do Outro.Palavras-chave: Gênero. Educação. Humanização. Education and gender after Auschwitz: in search of humanizing education of the otherABSTRACTThis philosophical essay deals with the question of education and gender differences, which in fact is a very complex issue in our society. To do so, it departs from the horizon of the world of life, so that the text is an attempt at intentionality of consciousness. The pedagogical and historical ethos of Brazilian society is the foundation of this essay, in which the subject is categorized as a woman and, from Adorno’s critical theory, presents an alert to the role of education. In addition, the text is a reflection on the epistemological and discursive bases of the treatment of the question of gender and its reflexes for a humanizing education of the Other.Keywords: Gender. Education. Humanization. Educación y género post Auschwitz: en busca de una educación humanista del otroRESUMENEl presente ensayo, de carácter fi losófico, tematiza el tratamiento de la cuestión de la educación y las diferencias de género, lo que de hecho, es un tema muy complejo en nuestra sociedad. Para ello, se parte del horizonte del mundo de la vida, de modo que el texto es un intento de intencionalidad de la conciencia. El ethos pedagógico e histórico de la sociedad brasileña es el cimiento de este ensayo, en lo cual se categoriza el sujeto mujer, y a partir de la teoría crítica de Adorno presenta un alerta para el papel de la educación. Además, el texto es una reflexión sobre las bases epistemológicas y discursivas del tratamiento de la cuestión del género y sus reflejos para una educación humanista del Otro.Palabras clave: Género. Educación. Humanización

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