scholarly journals Test–retest reliability of laser evoked pain perception and fMRI BOLD responses

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanzhi Bi ◽  
Xin Hou ◽  
Jiahui Zhong ◽  
Li Hu
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
Primary Motor Cortex ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractPain perception is a subjective experience and highly variable across time. Brain responses evoked by nociceptive stimuli are highly associated with pain perception and also showed considerable variability. To date, the test–retest reliability of laser-evoked pain perception and its associated brain responses across sessions remain unclear. Here, an experiment with a within-subject repeated-measures design was performed in 22 healthy volunteers. Radiant-heat laser stimuli were delivered on subjects’ left-hand dorsum in two sessions separated by 1–5 days. We observed that laser-evoked pain perception was significantly declined across sessions, coupled with decreased brain responses in the bilateral primary somatosensory cortex (S1), right primary motor cortex, supplementary motor area, and middle cingulate cortex. Intraclass correlation coefficients between the two sessions showed “fair” to “moderate” test–retest reliability for pain perception and brain responses. Additionally, we observed lower resting-state brain activity in the right S1 and lower resting-state functional connectivity between right S1 and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in the second session than the first session. Altogether, being possibly influenced by changes of baseline mental state, laser-evoked pain perception and brain responses showed considerable across-session variability. This phenomenon should be considered when designing experiments for laboratory studies and evaluating pain abnormalities in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Reliability of Safe Maximum Lifting Determinations of a Functional Capacity Evaluation

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P Gross ◽  
Michele C Battié
Keyword(s):  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Functional Capacity Evaluation ◽  
Measurement Variability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background and Purpose. Functional capacity evaluations (FCEs) are measurement tools used in predicting readiness to return to work following injury. The interrater and test-retest reliability of determinations of maximal safe lifting during kinesiophysical FCEs were examined in a sample of people who were off work and receiving workers' compensation. Subjects. Twenty-eight subjects with low back pain who had plateaued with treatment were enrolled. Five occupational therapists, trained and experienced in kinesiophysical methods, conducted testing. Methods. A repeated-measures design was used, with raters testing subjects simultaneously, yet independently. Subjects were rated on 2 occasions, separated by 2 to 4 days. Analyses included intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and 95% confidence intervals. Results. The ICC values for interrater reliability ranged from .95 to .98. Test-retest values ranged from .78 to .94. Discussion and Conclusion. Inconsistencies in subjects' performance across sessions were the greatest source of FCE measurement variability. Overall, however, test-retest reliability was good and interrater reliability was excellent.

scholarly journals Development of a Clinical Static and Dynamic Standing Balance Measurement Tool Appropriate for Use in Adolescents

2005 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 502-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn A Emery ◽  
J David Cassidy ◽  
Terry P Klassen ◽  
Rhonda J Rosychuk ◽  
Brian H Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Standing Balance ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
Balance Ability ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractBackground and Purpose. There is a need in sports medicine for a static and dynamic standing balance measure to quantify balance ability in adolescents. The purposes of this study were to determine the test-retest reliability of timed static (eyes open) and dynamic (eyes open and eyes closed) unipedal balance measurements and to examine factors associated with balance. Subjects. Adolescents (n=123) were randomly selected from 10 Calgary high schools. Methods. This study used a repeated-measures design. One rater measured unipedal standing balance, including timed eyes-closed static (ECS), eyes-open dynamic (EOD), and eyes-closed dynamic (ECD) balance at baseline and 1 week later. Dynamic balance was measured on a foam surface. Reliability was examined using both intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland and Altman statistical techniques. Multiple linear regressions were used to examine other potentially influencing factors. Results. Based on ICCs, test-retest reliability was adequate for ECS, EOD, and ECD balance (ICC=.69, .59, and .46, respectively). The results of Bland and Altman methods, however, suggest that caution is required in interpreting reliability based on ICCs alone. Although both ECS balance and ECD balance appear to demonstrate adequate test-retest reliability by ICC, Bland and Altman methods of agreement demonstrate sufficient reliability for ECD balance only. Thirty percent of the subjects reached the 180-second maximum on EOD balance, suggesting that this test is not appropriate for use in this population. Balance ability (ECS and ECD) was better in adolescents with no past history of lower-extremity injury. Discussion and Conclusion. Timed ECD balance is an appropriate and reliable clinical measurement for use in adolescents and is influenced by previous injury.

Test–Retest Reliability of Respiratory Resistance Measured With the Airflow Perturbation Device

2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 1323-1329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally K. Gallena ◽  
Nancy Pearl Solomon ◽  
Arthur T. Johnson ◽  
Jafar Vossoughi ◽  
Wei Tian
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Measurement Tool ◽  
Respiratory Resistance ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Airway Function ◽  
Airflow Perturbation Device ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose In this study, the authors aimed to determine reliability of the airflow perturbation device (APD) to measure respiratory resistance within and across sessions during resting tidal (RTB) and postexercise breathing in healthy athletes, and during RTB across trials within a session in athletes with paradoxical vocal fold motion (PVFM) disorder. Method Prospective, repeated-measures design. The APD measured respiratory resistance during 3 baseline assessments in 24 teenage female athletes, 12 with and 12 without PVFM. Control athletes provided data at rest and following a customized exercise challenge during each of 3 sessions. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) analysis assessed strength of relationships, and repeated-measures analysis of variance assessed differences across trials and sessions. Results ICC analyses confirmed strong correlations across RTB trials for inspiratory, expiratory, and mean respiratory resistance in both groups. Inspiratory resistance decreased ~5% between sessions for control participants; expiratory and mean respiratory resistances were stable. Data from control athletes across sessions and following rigorous exercise were strongly correlated when taken at comparable intervals. Conclusions APD-measured respiratory resistance, including separate assessments for the inspiratory and expiratory phases, has strong test–retest reliability during RTB and after exercising. This suggests that the APD is a useful measurement tool for the assessment of airway function in patients suspected of having PVFM.

The Effect of General Anesthesia On Test-Retest Reliability of Resting-State FMRI Metrics And Optimization of Scan Length

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faezeh Vedaei ◽  
Mahdi Alizadeh ◽  
Victor M Romo ◽  
Feroze B. Mohamed ◽  
Chengyuan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Resting State ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Resting State Fmri ◽  
Frequency Fluctuation ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fractional Frequency ◽  
Drug Resistant Epilepsy ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Scan Length

Abstract Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) has been known as a powerful tool in neuroscience. However, exploring the test-retest reliability of the metrics derived from rs-fMRI BOLD signal is essential particularly in the studies of patients with neurological development. Two factors affecting reliability of rs-fMRI measurements including the effect of anesthesia and scan length have been estimated in this study. A total of 9 patients with drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) of requiring interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) were scanned in two states of awake and under anesthesia. At each state, two rs-fMRI sessions were obtained that each one lasted 15 minutes, and the effect of scan length was evaluated. Voxel-wise rs-fMRI metrics including amplitude of low fractional frequency fluctuation (ALFF), amplitude of low fractional frequency fluctuation (fALFF), functional connectivity (FC), and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were measured. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to estimate the reliability between two sessions of scanning for both states. Overall, our finding revealed that reliability improves under anesthesia as well as by increasing the scanning length of the scanning sessions. Furthermore, we showed that the optimal scan length to achieve reliable rs-fMRI measurements was 3.1 – 7.5 minutes shorter in an anesthetized, compared to wakeful state.

Test–Retest Reliability, Training, and Detraining Effects Associated With the Dynavision D2™ Mode A Visuomotor Reaction Time Test

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Adam J. Wells ◽  
Bri-ana D.I. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Repeated Testing ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Sports Science ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Mode A ◽  
Training And Detraining

Context: The Dynavision D2™ Mode A test (ModeA) is a 1-minute reaction time (RT) test commonly used in sports science research and clinical rehabilitation. However, there is limited data regarding the effect of repeated testing (ie, training) or subsequent periods of no testing (ie, detraining) on test–retest reliability and RT performance. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the test–retest reliability, training, and detraining effects associated with the D2™ ModeA test. Design: Repeated measures/reliability. Methods: Twenty-four recreationally active men and women completed 15 training sessions consisting of 2 ModeA tests per session (30 tests). The participants were then randomized to either 1 or 2 weeks of detraining prior to completing 15 retraining sessions (30 tests). The training and retraining periods were separated into 10 blocks for analysis (3 tests per block). The number of hits (hits) and the average RT per hit (AvgRT) within each block were used to determine RT performance. Intraclass correlation coefficients, SEM, and minimum difference were used to determine reliability. Repeated-measures analysis of variance/analysis of covariance were used to determine training and detraining effects, respectively. Results: The ModeA variables demonstrated excellent test–retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient2,3 > .93). Significant improvements in hits and AvgRT were noted within training blocks 1 to 5 (P < .05). No further improvements in RT performance were noted between training blocks 6 through 10. There was no effect of detraining period on RT. The RT performance was not different between blocks during retraining. Conclusions: It appears that 15 tests are necessary to overcome the training effect and establish reliable baseline performance for the ModeA test. Detraining for 1 to 2 weeks did not impact RT performance. The authors recommend that investigators and clinicians utilize the average of 3 tests when assessing RT performance using the D2 ModeA test.

Accuracy and Reliability of a Real-Ear-to-Coupler Difference Measurement Procedure Implemented within a Behind-the-Ear Hearing Aid

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (09) ◽  
pp. 612-622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Scollie ◽  
Marlene Bagatto ◽  
Sheila Moodie ◽  
Jeff Crukley
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Hearing Aid ◽  
Measurement Procedure ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
The Real ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Background: Measurement of the real ear response of a fitted hearing aid allows matching of the frequency response to prescriptive targets, as well as comparison of the response to both threshold and loudness discomfort level (LDL). These processes are recommended procedures for hearing aid fittings. The real ear aided response (REAR) is often predicted based on the coupler response of the device, the real-ear-to-coupler difference (RECD), and the microphone location effect (MLE). Individualized measurement of the RECD tends to increase the accuracy of this prediction. A commercial hearing aid has been developed that measures the individual RECD and incorporates the data into the software-assisted fitting process. Purpose: This study evaluated the test-retest reliability and predictive validity of this particular method for measuring the RECD. Research Design: A repeated measures design was used to evaluate differences between subsequent measures of the RECD in the same ear, and prediction differences associated with using the RECD (and other information) to predict the REAR. Study Sample: Fifteen ears, on a convenience sample of ten adults (45–86 yr) and five children (6–15 yr) were tested. All participants were hearing aid users. Data Collection and Analysis: Predicted and measured REARs were collected using normal clinical procedures, on an Audioscan Verifit VF-1 for two test signals/levels. Reliability, mean differences between predicted and measured REARs, and 95% confidence intervals of the prediction accuracy are reported. Results: The RECD procedure had test-retest reliability within 2.5 dB for 14 out of 15 ears between 500 and 4000 Hz, and had predictive accuracy within 5 dB between 500 and 4000 Hz for 14 out of 15 ears. However, errors associated with earhook misalignment were discovered. Also, the RECD values measured using this hearing-aid-specific procedure differ somewhat from the normative data available from insert earphone RECDs. Conclusions: This procedure, when measured according to recommendations, provides a reasonably accurate prediction of the REAR. Functionally, this procedure does not replace the range of measures offered by modern real ear measurement systems. However, given the inaccuracy of software-assisted fittings without a measure of individual ear canal acoustics, use of this procedure may have the potential to improve the accuracy of fittings versus fittings completed without real ear measurement.

scholarly journals Assessment of Pain Response in Capsaicin-Induced Dynamic Mechanical Allodynia Using a Novel and Fully Automated Brushing Device

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian G du Jardin ◽  
Lise S Gregersen ◽  
Turid Røsland ◽  
Kathrine H Uggerhøj ◽  
Lars J Petersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mechanical Allodynia ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Intradermal Injection ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Post Hoc

BACKGROUND: Dynamic mechanical allodynia is traditionally induced by manual brushing of the skin. Brushing force and speed have been shown to influence the intensity of brush-evoked pain. There are still limited data available with respect to the optimal stroke number, length, force, angle and speed. Therefore, an automated brushing device (ABD) was developed, for which brushing angle and speed could be controlled to enable quantitative assessment of dynamic mechanical allodynia.OBJECTIVES: To compare the ABD with manual brushing using capsaicin-induced allodynia, and to investigate the role of stroke angle and speed on pain intensity.METHODS: Experimental dynamic mechanical allodynia was induced by an intradermal injection of capsaicin (100 μg) into the volar forearm of 12 healthy, male volunteers. Dynamic mechanical allodynia was rated on a 10 cm visual analogue scale (VAS) after each set of strokes at angles of 30°, 60° and 90° with speeds of 17 mm/s, 21 mm/s and 25 mm/s for each angle. A two-way ANOVA with repeated measures was performed to assess the influence of brushing parameters. To evaluate test-retest reliability, Bland-Altman 95% limits of agreement, including a coefficient of repeatability and an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), were determined.RESULTS: The angle and speed exhibited a significant impact on pain intensity (P<0.001 and P<0.015, respectively). Post hoc analysis showed that the highest pain intensity was recorded with an angle of 30° regardless of brushing speed. The ABD demonstrated superior test-retest reliability (coefficient of repeatability = 1.9 VAS; ICC=0.91) compared with manual brushing (coefficient of repeatability = 2.8 VAS; ICC=0.80; P<0.05). The most reliable combination of parameters (coefficient of repeatability = 1.3 VAS; ICC=0.97) was an angle of 60° and a speed of 21 mm/s.CONCLUSIONS: A controlled, automatic brushing method can be used for quantitative investigations of allodynic reactions, and is more reliable for quantitative assessment of dynamic mechanical allodynia compared with traditional manual brushing.

scholarly journals Test–Retest Reliability of Video Head Impulse Test in Healthy Individuals and Individuals with Dizziness

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (09) ◽  
pp. 744-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niraj Kumar Singh ◽  
Rajeshwari Govindaswamy ◽  
Nirmala Jagadish
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Head Impulse Test ◽  
Video Head Impulse Test ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Head Impulse ◽  
Vestibular Pathology ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

AbstractVideo head impulse test (vHIT) is widely accepted as a test for the assessment of functional integrity of semicircular canals (SCCs). It allows for the evaluation of the functioning of all six SCCs independent of each other. It works on the principle of the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR). In individuals with vestibular pathologies, the VOR is impaired, and hence, the use of vHIT may provide vital information about the functional status of SCCs and the VOR pathway originating from them.In the recent past, studies reported excellent test–retest reliability of vHIT in healthy individuals. However, these studies used analysis of variance or the nonparametric counterpart Wilcoxon signed-rank test, which are insufficient statistical methods for conclusions about test–retest reliability. Further, because vHIT assesses VOR function in individuals with vestibular pathologies, it is important to assess test–retest reliability in the pathological group as well. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate test–retest reliability of vHIT in healthy individuals and individuals with vestibular pathology.Repeated measures.Twenty healthy individuals with no history of vestibular pathology and 20 individuals with known vestibular pathology were included.Each participant underwent vHIT testing for all three SCCs of both sides on four different occasions. VOR gain and the presence of pathological saccades were noted and analyzed for each recording.Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) revealed excellent test–retest reliability for VOR gain in both groups (ICC ≥ 0.76). Kappa coefficient analysis for the presence of refixation saccades demonstrated moderate to excellent agreement between test sessions (K ≥ 0.63) for the lateral canal. For the anterior and posterior SCC, there was large variability between sessions for refixation saccades.This study provides evidence about test–retest reliability of VOR gain and refixation saccades assessed using vHIT in healthy individuals and individuals with vestibulopathies. These findings suggest that both measures are highly reliable and replicable across test sessions, except refixation saccades in vertical canals which varied between sessions in some individuals.

scholarly journals The Test-Retest Reliability of Subjective Visual Horizontal Testing: Comparisons between Solid and Dotted Line Images

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
Mohd Normani Zakaria ◽  
Nor Haniza Abdul Wahat ◽  
Zuraida Zainun ◽  
Nurul Syarida Mohd Sakeri ◽  
Rosdan Salim
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Black Background ◽  
Good For ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

The present study aimed to determine the test-retest reliability of subjective visual horizontal (SVH) testing when tested with solid and dotted line images. In this repeated measures study, 36 healthy young Malaysian adults (mean age=23.3±2.3 years, 17 males and 19 females) were enrolled. All of them were healthy and had no hearing, vestibular, balance, or vision problems. The SVH angles were recorded from each participant in an upright body position using a computerized device. They were asked to report their horizontality perception for solid and dotted line images (in the presence of a static black background). After 1 week, the SVH procedure was repeated. The test-retest reliability of SVH was found to be good for both solid line [intraclass correlation (ICC)=0.80] and dotted line (ICC=0.78). As revealed by Bland-Altman plots, for each visual image, the agreements of SVH between the two sessions were within the clinically accepted criteria (±2°). The SVH testing was found to be temporally reliable, which can be clinically beneficial. Both solid and dotted lines in the SVH testing are reliable to be used among young adults.

scholarly journals Development of the English Listening and Reading Computerized Revised Token Test Into Cantonese: Validity, Reliability, and Sensitivity/Specificity in People With Aphasia and Healthy Controls

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (11) ◽  
pp. 3743-3759
Author(s):  
Mehdi Bakhtiar ◽  
Min Ney Wong ◽  
Emily Ka Yin Tsui ◽  
Malcolm R. McNeil
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Retest Reliability ◽  
Token Test ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
High Test

Purpose This study reports the psychometric development of the Cantonese versions of the English Computerized Revised Token Test (CRTT) for persons with aphasia (PWAs) and healthy controls (HCs). Method The English CRTT was translated into standard Chinese for the Reading–Word Fade version (CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese) and into formal Cantonese for the Listening version (CRTT-L-Cantonese). Thirty-two adult native Cantonese PWAs and 42 HCs were tested on both versions of CRTT-Cantonese tests and on the Cantonese Aphasia Battery to measure the construct and concurrent validity of CRTT-Cantonese tests. The HCs were retested on both versions of the CRTT-Cantonese tests, whereas the PWAs were randomly assigned for retesting on either version to measure the test–retest reliability. Results A two-way, Group × Modality, repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significantly lower scores for the PWA group than the HC group for both reading and listening. Other comparisons were not significant. A high and significant correlation was found between the CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese and the CRTT-L-Cantonese in PWAs, and 87% of the PWAs showed nonsignificantly different performance across the CRTT-Cantonese tests based on the Revised Standardized Difference Test. The CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese provided better aphasia diagnostic sensitivity (100%) and specificity (83.30%) values than the CRTT-L-Cantonese. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed significant moderate correlations between the Cantonese Aphasia Battery scores and the CRTT-Cantonese tests in PWAs, supporting adequate concurrent validity. Intraclass correlation coefficient showed high test–retest reliability (between .82 and .96, p < .001) for both CRTT-Cantonese tests for both groups. Conclusions Results support that the validly translated CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese and CRTT-L-Cantonese tests significantly differentiate the reading and listening comprehension of PWAs from HCs and provides acceptable concurrent validity and high test–retest reliability for both tests. Furthermore, favorable PWA versus HC sensitivity and specificity cutoff scores are presented for both CRTT-Cantonese listening and reading tests.

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