scholarly journals Ethnic markers and the emergence of group-specific norms

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ozaita ◽  
Andrea Baronchelli ◽  
Angel Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Coordination Games ◽  
Microscopic Mechanism ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Globalized World

AbstractObservable social traits determine how we interact meaningfully in society even in our globalized world. While a popular hypothesis states that observable traits may help promote cooperation, the alternative explanation that they facilitate coordination has gained ground in recent years. Here we explore this possibility and present a model that investigates the role of ethnic markers in coordination games. In particular, we aim to test the role of reinforcement learning as the microscopic mechanism used by the agents to update their strategies in the game. For a wide range of parameters, we observe the emergence of a collective equilibrium in which markers play an assorting role. However, if individuals are too conformist or too greedy, markers fail to shape social interactions. These results extend and complement previous work focused on agent imitation and show that reinforcement learning is a good candidate to explain many instances where ethnic markers influence coordination.

scholarly journals Exploring Interactions between the Gut Microbiota and Social Behavior through Nutrition

Genes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 534 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristian Pasquaretta ◽  
Tamara Gómez-Moracho ◽  
Philipp Heeb ◽  
Mathieu Lihoreau
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Nutritional Ecology ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Complex Interactions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Nutritional Geometry ◽  
Social Animals

Microbes influence a wide range of host social behaviors and vice versa. So far, however, the mechanisms underpinning these complex interactions remain poorly understood. In social animals, where individuals share microbes and interact around foods, the gut microbiota may have considerable consequences on host social interactions by acting upon the nutritional behavior of individual animals. Here we illustrate how conceptual advances in nutritional ecology can help the study of these processes and allow the formulation of new empirically testable predictions. First, we review key evidence showing that gut microbes influence the nutrition of individual animals, through modifications of their nutritional state and feeding decisions. Next, we describe how these microbial influences and their social consequences can be studied by modelling populations of hosts and their gut microbiota into a single conceptual framework derived from nutritional geometry. Our approach raises new perspectives for the study of holobiont nutrition and will facilitate theoretical and experimental research on the role of the gut microbiota in the mechanisms and evolution of social behavior.

scholarly journals Rat ultrasonic vocalizations and novelty-induced social and non-social investigation behavior in a seminatural environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indrek Heinla ◽  
Xi Chu ◽  
Anders Agmo ◽  
Eelke Snoeren
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Behaviors ◽  
Ultrasonic Vocalizations ◽  
Sensory Cues ◽  
Social Investigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Vocal Signals ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Although rats are known to emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), it remains unclear whether these calls serve an auditory communication purpose. For USVs to be part of communication, the vocal signals will need to be a transfer of information between two or more conspecifics, and with the possibility to induce changes in the behavior of the recipient. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate the role of USVs in rats' social and non-social investigation strategies when introduced into a large novel environment with unfamiliar conspecifics. We quantified a wide range of social and non-social behaviors in the seminatural environment, which could be affected by subtle signals, including USVs. We found that during the first hour in the seminatural environment the ability to vocalize did not affect how quickly rats met each other, their overall social investigation behavior, their passive social behavior nor their aggressive behavior. Furthermore, the non-social exploratory behaviors and behaviors reflecting anxiety/stress-like states were also unaffected. These results demonstrated that a disability to vocalize did not result in significant disadvantages (or changes) compared to intact conspecifics regarding social and non-social behaviors. This suggests that other (multi)sensory cues are more relevant in social interactions than USVs.

The Role of Social Media in the Globalized World of Education

2017 ◽  
pp. 203-225
Author(s):  
Janelle Christine Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Way

Social media has transformed the way that people communicate during the 21st century. This occurrence has transformed society in a globalized world by impacting social interactions, financial institutions and ways of completing transactions, ways of communicating as well as the educational sector. This chapter will introduce the audience/reader to definitions/terms such as communication, media, social media and globalization while discussing the role of social media in a globalized world. In addition, an exploratory discussion of social media and education will be established.

scholarly journals The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. S. Tephillah Vasantham
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Way

This paper deals with the Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Human Resource Management (HRM). We can see in the present globalized world, the customary methods of how business is directed are being tested. There could be not, at this point just nearby firms as contenders, yet associations need to contend continually on a worldwide level as innovation is making the world more modest. This infers that for an association to keep awake to date and maintain an upper hand and accepting these new mechanical advancements is critical. HRM includes a wide range of viewpoints, like preparing workers, enrollment, representative relations, and the advancement of the association. People fill in as a wellspring of information and ability which each association can and should draw on. Hence, obtaining and holding these kinds of workers through enrollment assume a major part today. Because of the significance Human Resource (HR) has for the association, the enrollment interaction by which all this asset is acquired is the way to progress. The enlistment cycle used to be longer and take a lot of time and suggest a lot of administrative works for the spotters, anyway this has as of now gradually began to change with online enrollment getting normal. This paper deals with the various applications and the advantages of implementing Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource management.

scholarly journals The role of One Health in understanding and controlling zoonotic diseases in Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Coghill ◽  
Peter Black ◽  
Mark Schipp
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
One Health ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Ecosystem ◽  
Globalized World

One Health recognises that the health of humans, animals and ecosystems is intimately connected. One Health involves a coordinated, collaborative, multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral approach to addressing a wide range of potential or existing risks at the animal?human?ecosystem interface. Globally, a surge in emerging infectious diseases and their associated costs to society over the last 15 years has reignited interest in the idea that human health is linked to animals and our shared environment. In 2004 at the meeting Building Interdisciplinary Bridges to Health in a Globalized World held in New York, the 12 Manhattan Principles were defined to guide scientists and policy makers to "devise adaptive, forward-looking and multidisciplinary solutions to the challenges that undoubtedly lie ahead". These principles remain fundamental in defining the role of One Health.

The Role of Social Media in the Globalized World of Education

2018 ◽  
pp. 56-72
Author(s):  
Janelle Christine Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Communication Media ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Way

Social media has transformed the way that people communicate during the 21st century. This occurrence has transformed society in a globalized world by impacting social interactions, financial institutions and ways of completing transactions, ways of communicating as well as the educational sector. This chapter will introduce the audience/reader to definitions/terms such as communication, media, social media and globalization while discussing the role of social media in a globalized world. In addition, an exploratory discussion of social media and education will be established.

scholarly journals The role of juvenile hormone in regulating reproductive physiology and dominance in Dinoponera quadriceps ants

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria C. Norman ◽  
Tobias Pamminger ◽  
Fabio Nascimento ◽  
William O.H. Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Juvenile Hormone ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Reproductive Physiology ◽  
Regulatory Role ◽  
Ovary Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Behavioural Interactions ◽  
Group Members

Unequal reproductive output among members of the same sex (reproductive skew) is a common phenomenon in a wide range of communally breeding animals. In such species, reproductive dominance is often acquired during antagonistic interactions between group members that establish a reproductive hierarchy in which only a few individuals reproduce. Rank-specific syndromes of behavioural and physiological traits characterize such hierarchies, but how antagonistic behavioural interactions translate into stable rank-specific syndromes remains poorly understood. The pleiotropic nature of hormones makes them prime candidates for generating such syndromes as they physiologically integrate environmental (social) information, and often affect reproduction and behaviour simultaneously. Juvenile hormone (JH) is one of several hormones that occupy such a central regulatory role in insects and has been suggested to regulate reproductive hierarchies in a wide range of social insects including ants. Here we use experimental manipulation to investigate the effect of JH levels on reproductive physiology and social dominance in high-ranked workers of the eusocial ant Dinoponera quadriceps, a species that has secondarily reverted to queenless, simple societies. We show that JH regulated reproductive physiology, with ants in which JH levels were experimentally elevated having more regressed ovaries. In contrast, we found no evidence of JH levels affecting dominance in social interactions. This could indicate that JH and ovary development are decoupled from dominance in this species, however only high-ranked workers were investigated. The results therefore confirm that the regulatory role of JH in reproductive physiology in this ant species is in keeping with its highly eusocial ancestors rather than its secondary reversion to simple societies, but more investigation is needed to disentangle the relationships between hormones, behaviour and hierarchies.

The Problem of Identifying and Modeling the Relationship between Monetary Factor and Inflation in the Russian Economy

2008 ◽  
pp. 61-76
Author(s):  
A. Porshakov ◽  
A. Ponomarenko
Keyword(s):  
Money Supply ◽  
Money Demand ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Complex Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Supply Side Factors

The role of monetary factor in generating inflationary processes in Russia has stimulated various debates in social and scientific circles for a relatively long time. The authors show that identification of the specificity of relationship between money and inflation requires a complex approach based on statistical modeling and involving a wide range of indicators relevant for the price changes in the economy. As a result a model of inflation for Russia implying the decomposition of inflation dynamics into demand-side and supply-side factors is suggested. The main conclusion drawn is that during the recent years the volume of inflationary pressures in the Russian economy has been determined by the deviation of money supply from money demand, rather than by money supply alone. At the same time, monetary factor has a long-run spread over time impact on inflation.

Introduction: Emotion, History and the Arts

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Sullivan ◽  
Marie Louise Herzfeld-Schild
Keyword(s):  
Historical Change ◽  
Carson Mccullers ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Review Section ◽  
The Arts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
War Correspondents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Johan Huizinga

This introduction surveys the rise of the history of emotions as a field and the role of the arts in such developments. Reflecting on the foundational role of the arts in the early emotion-oriented histories of Johan Huizinga and Jacob Burkhardt, as well as the concerns about methodological impressionism that have sometimes arisen in response to such studies, the introduction considers how intensive engagements with the arts can open up new insights into past emotions while still being historically and theoretically rigorous. Drawing on a wide range of emotionally charged art works from different times and places—including the novels of Carson McCullers and Harriet Beecher-Stowe, the private poetry of neo-Confucian Chinese civil servants, the photojournalism of twentieth-century war correspondents, and music from Igor Stravinsky to the Beatles—the introduction proposes five ways in which art in all its forms contributes to emotional life and consequently to emotional histories: first, by incubating deep emotional experiences that contribute to formations of identity; second, by acting as a place for the expression of private or deviant emotions; third, by functioning as a barometer of wider cultural and attitudinal change; fourth, by serving as an engine of momentous historical change; and fifth, by working as a tool for emotional connection across communities, both within specific time periods but also across them. The introduction finishes by outlining how the special issue's five articles and review section address each of these categories, while also illustrating new methodological possibilities for the field.

Short Films from a Small Nation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Claire Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Public Information ◽  
Industrial Process ◽  
Actor Network Theory ◽  
Documentary Films ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Post War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Art And Architecture

The first book-length study in English of a national corpus of state-sponsored informational film, this book traces how Danish shorts on topics including social welfare, industry, art and architecture were commissioned, funded, produced and reviewed from the inter-war period to the 1960s. For three decades, state-sponsored short filmmaking educated Danish citizens, promoted Denmark to the world, and shaped the careers of renowned directors like Carl Th. Dreyer. Examining the life cycle of a representative selection of films, and discussing their preservation and mediation in the digital age, this book presents a detailed case study of how informational cinema is shaped by, and indeed shapes, its cultural, political and technological contexts.The book combines close textual analysis of a broad range of films with detailed accounts of their commissioning, production, distribution and reception in Denmark and abroad, drawing on Actor-Network Theory to emphasise the role of a wide range of entities in these processes. It considers a broad range of genres and sub-genres, including industrial process films, public information films, art films, the city symphony, the essay film, and many more. It also maps international networks of informational and documentary films in the post-war period, and explores the role of informational film in Danish cultural and political history.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document