scholarly journals The role of One Health in understanding and controlling zoonotic diseases in Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Coghill ◽  
Peter Black ◽  
Mark Schipp
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
One Health ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Human Ecosystem ◽  
Globalized World

One Health recognises that the health of humans, animals and ecosystems is intimately connected. One Health involves a coordinated, collaborative, multidisciplinary and cross-sectoral approach to addressing a wide range of potential or existing risks at the animal?human?ecosystem interface. Globally, a surge in emerging infectious diseases and their associated costs to society over the last 15 years has reignited interest in the idea that human health is linked to animals and our shared environment. In 2004 at the meeting Building Interdisciplinary Bridges to Health in a Globalized World held in New York, the 12 Manhattan Principles were defined to guide scientists and policy makers to "devise adaptive, forward-looking and multidisciplinary solutions to the challenges that undoubtedly lie ahead". These principles remain fundamental in defining the role of One Health.

scholarly journals Musteloid diseases: implications for conservation and species management

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Newman ◽  
Andrew Byrne
Keyword(s):  
One Health ◽  
Host Density ◽  
Infectious Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis Viruses ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Human Ecosystem ◽  
Contagion Risk ◽  
European Badgers

The role of disease in population regulation is often overlooked in ecology and conservation. Due to their diversity, the musteloids host a wide range of pathogens. These include diseases of commercial importance, such Aleutian mink disease virus which impacts mink ranching, or bovine tuberculosis leading to interventions to manage European badgers. Skunks and raccoons are major rabies hosts in North America, and because these small carnivores insinuate themselves into close proximity with people, they can pose substantial zoonotic risks. Musteloids also share diseases between species, such as mustelid herpes virus, canine distemper and infectious hepatitis viruses, along with a range of nematodes and protozoans; presenting a contagion risk when vulnerable musteloids are being conserved or reintroduced. Managing host density, vaccination and host isolation are thus the best tools for managing disease, where we advocate the UN-led ‘One Health approach, aimed at reducing risks of infectious diseases at the Animal-Human-Ecosystem interface

scholarly journals Evolution of models to support community and policy action with science: Balancing pastoral livelihoods and wildlife conservation in savannas of East Africa

2009 ◽  
Vol 113 (17) ◽  
pp. 4579-4584 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Reid ◽  
D. Nkedianye ◽  
M. Y. Said ◽  
D. Kaelo ◽  
M. Neselle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Policy Maker ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Creation

We developed a “continual engagement” model to better integrate knowledge from policy makers, communities, and researchers with the goal of promoting more effective action to balance poverty alleviation and wildlife conservation in 4 pastoral ecosystems of East Africa. The model involved the creation of a core boundary-spanning team, including community facilitators, a policy facilitator, and transdisciplinary researchers, responsible for linking with a wide range of actors from local to global scales. Collaborative researcher−facilitator community teams integrated local and scientific knowledge to help communities and policy makers improve herd quality and health, expand biodiversity payment schemes, develop land-use plans, and fully engage together in pastoral and wildlife policy development. This model focused on the creation of hybrid scientific−local knowledge highly relevant to community and policy maker needs. The facilitation team learned to be more effective by focusing on noncontroversial livelihood issues before addressing more difficult wildlife issues, using strategic and periodic engagement with most partners instead of continual engagement, and reducing costs by providing new scientific information only when deemed essential. We conclude by examining the role of facilitation in redressing asymmetries in power in researcher−community−policy maker teams, the role of individual values and character in establishing trust, and how to sustain knowledge-action links when project funding ends.

scholarly journals Ethnic markers and the emergence of group-specific norms

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ozaita ◽  
Andrea Baronchelli ◽  
Angel Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Alternative Explanation ◽  
Coordination Games ◽  
Microscopic Mechanism ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Globalized World

AbstractObservable social traits determine how we interact meaningfully in society even in our globalized world. While a popular hypothesis states that observable traits may help promote cooperation, the alternative explanation that they facilitate coordination has gained ground in recent years. Here we explore this possibility and present a model that investigates the role of ethnic markers in coordination games. In particular, we aim to test the role of reinforcement learning as the microscopic mechanism used by the agents to update their strategies in the game. For a wide range of parameters, we observe the emergence of a collective equilibrium in which markers play an assorting role. However, if individuals are too conformist or too greedy, markers fail to shape social interactions. These results extend and complement previous work focused on agent imitation and show that reinforcement learning is a good candidate to explain many instances where ethnic markers influence coordination.

scholarly journals The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. S. Tephillah Vasantham
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource Management ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Way

This paper deals with the Role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Human Resource Management (HRM). We can see in the present globalized world, the customary methods of how business is directed are being tested. There could be not, at this point just nearby firms as contenders, yet associations need to contend continually on a worldwide level as innovation is making the world more modest. This infers that for an association to keep awake to date and maintain an upper hand and accepting these new mechanical advancements is critical. HRM includes a wide range of viewpoints, like preparing workers, enrollment, representative relations, and the advancement of the association. People fill in as a wellspring of information and ability which each association can and should draw on. Hence, obtaining and holding these kinds of workers through enrollment assume a major part today. Because of the significance Human Resource (HR) has for the association, the enrollment interaction by which all this asset is acquired is the way to progress. The enlistment cycle used to be longer and take a lot of time and suggest a lot of administrative works for the spotters, anyway this has as of now gradually began to change with online enrollment getting normal. This paper deals with the various applications and the advantages of implementing Artificial Intelligence in Human Resource management.

scholarly journals Prioritizing zoonotic diseases using a multisectoral, One Health approach for The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Grace W. Goryoka ◽  
Virgil Kuassi Lokossou ◽  
Kate Varela ◽  
Nadia Oussayef ◽  
Bernard Kofi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Zoonotic Disease ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
West African ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Economic Community ◽  
Member States ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Health Ministries

Abstract Background Zoonotic diseases pose a significant threat to human, animal, and environmental health. The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) has endured a significant burden of zoonotic disease impacts. To address zoonotic disease threats in ECOWAS, a One Health Zoonotic Disease Prioritization (OHZDP) was conducted over five days in December 2018 to prioritize zoonotic diseases of greatest regional concern and develop next steps for addressing these priority zoonoses through a regional, multisectoral, One Health approach. Methods The OHZDP Process uses a mixed methods prioritization process developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. During the OHZDP workshop, representatives from human, animal, and environmental health ministries from all 15 ECOWAS Member States used a transparent and equal process to prioritize endemic and emerging zoonotic diseases of greatest regional concern that should be jointly addressed by One Health ministries and other partners. After the priority zoonotic diseases were identified, participants discussed recommendations and further regional actions to address the priority zoonoses and advance One Health in the region. Results ECOWAS Member States agreed upon a list of seven priority zoonotic diseases for the region – Anthrax, Rabies, Ebola and other viral hemorrhagic fevers (for example, Marburg fever, Lassa fever, Rift Valley fever, Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic fever), zoonotic influenzas, zoonotic tuberculosis, Trypanosomiasis, and Yellow fever. Participants developed recommendations and further regional actions that could be taken, using a One Health approach to address the priority zoonotic diseases in thematic areas including One Health collaboration and coordination, surveillance and laboratory, response and preparedness, prevention and control, workforce development, and research. Conclusions ECOWAS was the first region to use the OHZDP Process to prioritize zoonotic disease of greatest concern. With identified priority zoonotic diseases for the region, ECOWAS Member States can collaborate more effectively to address zoonotic diseases threats across the region using a One Health approach. Strengthening national and regional level multisectoral, One Health Coordination Mechanisms will allow ECOWAS Member States to advance One Health and have the biggest impact on improving health outcomes for both people and animals living in a shared environment.

A Few Comments on Professor Hilda's Conference Address: "Planning Experience in Pakistan"

1968 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 410-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swadesh R. Bose
Keyword(s):  
Development Planning ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Planning Techniques ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fourth Plan ◽  
Private Incentives ◽  
The Relationship

Professor Huda's conference address on the "Planning Experience in Pakistan" covers, within a space of some twenty pages, a wide range of issues important for the country's economic planning and policies. Many problems are not, however, considered at length, and some questions are just raised for detailed study by experts. But with its analysis, suggestions and questions, this address is highly stimulating to economists and policy-makers in their endeavour to identify and resolve the problems confronting development planning in Pakistan. He dwells, among other things, on the problems of relationship between the planning technician and the policy-maker, appropriate planning techniques, interregional balance in development, the pace and the pattern of industrialisation, incentives to private enterprise and role of the public sector, income dis¬tribution and saving generation, and costs and benefits of external aid. He finally reflects on the major tasks that should be undertaken in the Fourth-Plan period. The main focus of the following comments will be on the relationship between the technician and the politician in development planning, private incentives and social goals, and income distribution and mobilisation of domes¬tic savings.

The alleged consensus: Italian elites and publics on foreign policy

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-182
Author(s):  
Francesco Olmastroni
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
International System ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Willingness To Use

The article compares the way Italian (governmental and political) elites and (organized and general) publics perceive the international system and conceive of the role of Italy in it by using anad hocsurvey conducted specifically for this study. In order to establish whether a horizontal (left-right) and vertical (top-down) consensus exists on foreign policy, special attention has been paid to divergence and convergence patterns in terms of threat perception, feelings towards the (American and European) allies, support for the main institutional mechanisms of coordination and cooperation, and willingness to use military power to defend the constituted order and the national interest, while controlling for the position and level of action of each actor within the foreign policy-making process as well as her or his ideological orientation. While tracing elites’ and publics’ attitudes towards a wide range of foreign policy and security issues, the article reveals the effect of ideological and situational factors on the strategic preferences of national policy-makers and public opinion. In doing this, it contributes to define both the substance and boundaries of the alleged consensus, based on shared norms and historical legacies, supposedly overcoming socio-economic and political cleavages in matters of foreign policy.

scholarly journals The Importance of Wildlife Disease Monitoring as Part of Global Surveillance for Zoonotic Diseases: The Role of Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert Woods ◽  
Andrea Reiss ◽  
Keren Cox-Witton ◽  
Tiggy Grillo ◽  
Andrew Peters
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽  
Wildlife Disease ◽  
Zoonotic Diseases ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Wildlife Health ◽  
Health Security ◽  
Health Practitioners

Australia has a comprehensive system of capabilities and functions to prepare, detect and respond to health security threats. Strong cooperative links and coordination mechanisms exist between the human (public health) and animal arms of the health system in Australia. Wildlife is included in this system. Recent reviews of both the animal and human health sectors have highlighted Australia’s relative strengths in the detection and management of emerging zoonotic diseases. However, the risks to Australia posed by diseases with wildlife as part of their epidemiology will almost certainly become greater with changing land use and climate change and as societal attitudes bring wildlife, livestock and people into closer contact. These risks are not isolated to Australia but are global. A greater emphasis on wildlife disease surveillance to assist in the detection of emerging infectious diseases and integration of wildlife health into One Health policy will be critical in better preparing Australia and other countries in their efforts to recognize and manage the adverse impacts of zoonotic diseases on human health. Animal and human health practitioners are encouraged to consider wildlife in their day to day activities and to learn more about Australia’s system and how they can become more involved by visiting www.wildlifeheathaustralia.com.au.

scholarly journals Ecotone formation through ecological niche construction: the role of biodiversity and species interactions

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Liautaud ◽  
Matthieu Barbier ◽  
Michel Loreau
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Ecological Niche ◽  
Niche Construction ◽  
Species Turnover ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Ecosystem Engineers ◽  
Shared Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Rapid Changes

AbstractRapid changes in species composition, also known as ecotones, can result from various causes including rapid changes in environmental conditions, or physiological thresholds. The possibility that ecotones arise from ecological niche construction by ecosystem engineers has received little attention. In this study, we investigate how the diversity of ecosystem engineers, and their interactions, can give rise to ecotones. We build a spatially explicit dynamical model that couples a multispecies community and its abiotic environment. We use numerical simulations and analytical techniques to determine the biotic and abiotic conditions under which ecotone emergence is expected to occur, and the role of biodiversity therein. We show that the diversity of ecosystem engineers can lead to indirect interactions through the modification of their shared environment. These interactions, which can be either competitive or mutualistic, can lead to the emergence of discrete communities in space, separated by sharp ecotones where a high species turnover is observed. Considering biodiversity is thus critical when studying the influence of species-environment interactions on the emergence of ecotones. This is especially true for the wide range of species that have small to moderate effects on their environment. Our work highlights new mechanisms by which biodiversity loss could cause significant changes in spatial community patterns in changing environments.

GBSN’s perspective on business education and globalization

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (7) ◽  
pp. 866-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Pfeffermann
Keyword(s):  
Business Education ◽  
Business School ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
Global Development ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
Developed World ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to consider the role that business schools and other providers of management education play in a globalized world, and suggests ways in which that role could be enhanced. In this paper, “Business school” and “Management school” are used interchangeably. Design/methodology/approach – The paper reflects the author’s and GBSN’s experience. Findings – The paper shows how business schools can be strengthened so as to increase their impact on economic and social development, with a focus on the developing world. Originality/value – The role of business education in global development/value for government policy-makers, development funding institutions and business school leaders. Interrelated dimensions of the relationship between business education and globalization are examined: global shifts in demand for talent; responses by leading business schools in the developed world; the challenges of local relevance; the growth of business education in the emerging markets; and the contribution of business education to global development.

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