scholarly journals In vitro antagonistic inhibitory effects of palm seed crude oils and their main constituent, lauric acid, with oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Lalouckova ◽  
Eva Skrivanova ◽  
Johana Rondevaldova ◽  
Adela Frankova ◽  
Josef Soukup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Antagonistic Action ◽  
Strong Concentration ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

AbstractInfections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are a serious global threat, and with the emergence of antibiotic resistance, even more difficult to treat. One of the possible complications in antistaphylococcal therapy represents negative interactions of antibiotics with food. In this study, the in vitro interaction between oxacillin and crude palm seed oil from Astrocaryum vulgare, Cocos nucifera, and Elaeis guineensis against nine strains of S. aureus was determined using the checkerboard method. Lauric acid was identified as a major constituent of all tested oils by gas chromatography. The results showed strong concentration dependent antagonistic interactions between palm oils and oxacillin with values of fractional inhibitory concentrations indices ranging from 4.02 to 8.56 at concentrations equal or higher than 1024 µg/mL of the tested oils. Similarly, lauric acid in combination with oxacillin produced antagonistic action with fractional inhibitory concentration indices ranging from 4.01 to 4.28 at 1024 µg/mL. These findings suggest that interference between oxacillin and palm oils and their constituents can negatively affect the treatment of staphylococcal infections in humans and other animals.

scholarly journals Potent In Vitro Synergism of Fluconazole and Berberine Chloride against Clinical Isolates of Candida albicans Resistant to Fluconazole

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 1096-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Quan ◽  
Ying-Ying Cao ◽  
Zheng Xu ◽  
Jing-Xia Zhao ◽  
Ping-Hui Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Antagonistic Action ◽  
Berberine Chloride ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Fluconazole Resistant ◽  
Time Kill ◽  
In Vitro Interaction

ABSTRACT In vitro interaction of fluconazole and berberine chloride was investigated against 40 fluconazole-resistant clinical isolates of Candida albicans. Synergism in fungistatic activity was found with the checkerboard microdilution assay. The findings of agar diffusion tests and time-kill curves confirmed the synergistic interaction, but no antagonistic action was observed.

Lauric acid improves the growth of zygotic coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) embryos in vitro

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo López-Villalobos ◽  
Peter F. Dodds ◽  
Roland Hornung
Keyword(s):  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L

scholarly journals Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism in Coconut

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xia
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Evolutionary Relationship ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Coconut Palm ◽  
Acyl Donor ◽  
Fatty Acid Accumulation

Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L) is an economically important monocot plant grown in tropical and subtropical regions. Coconut oil is stored in a solid endosperm and has 47.48–50.5% fatty acid component as lauric acid (C12:0). Present research showed that acyl-acyl carrier protein thioesterases (FatA/B) and lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LAAPT) are key enzymes determining medium-chain fatty acid accumulation in coconut oil. Among five CnFatB genes, CnFatB3 expressed specifically in endosperm and in vitro experiment showed that this gene made mainly lauric acid (C12:0) and tetradecenoic acid (C14:1). Overexpression of CnFatB3 in Arabidopsis increased the amounts of C12:0 and C14:0 in transgenic plant. CnLPAAT gene that is expressed specifically in coconut endosperm showed a preference for using acyl-CoAs containing C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 acyl groups as acyl-donor substrates. Coconut and oil palm are closely related species with approximately 50% lauric acid (C12:0) in their endosperm. The two species have a close evolutionary relationship between predominant gene isoforms and high conservation of gene expression bias in the lipid metabolism pathways. Moreover, since no stable transformation system has been constructed in coconut palm, gene function validations have been done in vitro, or genes transformed into a heterologous system.

scholarly journals Biofilm-Associated Agr and Sar Quorum Sensing Systems of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus are Inhibited by Fruit Extracts of Illicium Verum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pitchaipillai Sankar Ganesh ◽  
Veena Krishnamurthy ◽  
Koneti ISwamy ◽  
Suvaiyarasan Suvaithenamudhan ◽  
Murugesan Amuthan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Molecular Docking ◽  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Light Microscopy ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Systems Methodology ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Swarming Motility

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an opportunistic pathogen and a predominant cause of life-threatening nosocomial infections. Drug resistance in S. aureus is attributed to production of biofilm, which is controlled largely by bacterial quorum sensing (QS) systems. Methodology: In vitro analysis of biofilm inhibition assay was performed using crystal violet staining assay, swarming motility, light microscopy and growth curve analyses. Identification of the major constituents of I. verum fruit extract was performed by GC-MS. Ligand-protein interaction was analyzed by molecular docking investigations. Results: The methanol extract of I. verum inhibited the growth of MRSA at the concentration of 4.8 mg/ml. At the sub-inhibitory concentration (2.4mg/ml), the extract showed significant reduction in biofilmogenesis. Light microscopy analysis confirmed the antibiofilm activity as well as the efficacy in disturbing biofilm architecture. A reduced swarming motility was observed at the lowest concentration of 2.4mg/ml. GC-MS analysis revealed anethol (AL) as the major constituent. The molecular docking analysis attributes the antibiofilm activity to an active ligand AL, which strongly interacted with the active site residues of AgrA and SarA proteins of S. aureus. Conclusion: We report the activities of I. verum to be immensely interfering with QS system and biofilm formation in MRSA.

Synthesis of New Piperazine Substituted Chalcone Sulphonamides as Antibacterial Agents

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Yan-Ling Tang ◽  
Yong-Kun Li ◽  
Min-Xin Li ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Xiao-Bi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Good Antibacterial Activity ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Global Threat

Background: Infection is a global threat to human health, and there is an urgent need to develop new effective antibacterial drugs to treat bacterial infections. Objective: To study the antibacterial activity of piperazine substituted chalcone sulphonamides. Materials and Methods: A series of novel piperazine substituted chalcone sulphonamides have been prepared, and in vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli strains were evaluated. Results: The results showed that derivatives 6a, 6c and 6h displayed good antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis with MIC values of 4.0-8.0 mg/mL. Conclusion: Piperazine substituted chalcone sulphonamides may be used as potential antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations of the Activities of Lauric Acid Monoester Formulations against Staphylococcus aureus

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 3187-3191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Rouse ◽  
Margalida Rotger ◽  
Kerryl E. Piper ◽  
James M. Steckelberg ◽  
Matthew Scholz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Vitro Activity ◽  
In Vitro Activity ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Colonization ◽  
Mupirocin Resistance

ABSTRACT Due to increasing mupirocin resistance, alternatives for Staphylococcus aureus nasal decolonization are needed. Lauric acid monoesters combined with lactic, mandelic, malic, or benzoic acid are being evaluated as possible alternatives. We determined the in vitro activity of 13 lauric acid monoester (LAM) formulations and mupirocin against 30 methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) isolates and 30 methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates. We then used a murine model of MRSA nasopharyngeal colonization to compare the in vivo activity of mupirocin with three LAM formulations. MSSA and MRSA MIC90 values were 0.25 μg/ml for mupirocin and ≤4 μl/ml for all LAM formulations tested. Hsd:ICR mice were challenged with 108 CFU/naris MRSA. Five days later, S. aureus colonization was documented by culture. Treatment with bland, mupirocin, or one of three LAM ointments was then administered unblinded thrice daily for 2 days. Three days after treatment, both anterior nares were cultured for S. aureus. Administration of 128774-49E or 128774-53A was associated with greater eradication of MRSA carriage (24/34 [71%] or 33/40 [83%]) of animals, respectively) than bland ointment (12/38 [32%]) (P < 0.005). 128774-53A administration resulted in greater MRSA carriage eradication than mupirocin (19/38 [50%]) (P < 0.005) in this model. LAM formulations warrant evaluation for S. aureus nasal decolonization in humans.

scholarly journals Interaction of Four Antagonistic Fungi with Botrytis aclada in Dead Onion Leaves: A Comparative Microscopic and Ultrastructural Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 634-642 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Köhl ◽  
R. R. Bélanger ◽  
N. J. Fokkema
Keyword(s):  
Ultrastructural Level ◽  
Spore Production ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Antagonistic Action ◽  
Biocontrol Activity ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Biocontrol Potential ◽  
In Vitro Interaction ◽  
Antagonistic Interactions

The colonization of dead onion leaves by Botrytis aclada and the fungal antagonists Aureobasidium pullulans, Chaetomium globosum, Glio-cladium catenulatum, and Ulocladium atrum and the interactions between B. aclada and each of the four antagonists were studied at the microscopic and ultrastructural level. This approach was used in an attempt to understand the colonization pattern of these fungi and the nature of the biocontrol activity of the antagonists that have shown a potential to suppress spore production of Botrytis spp. on necrotic plant tissues. When applied alone, B. aclada and U. atrum were found throughout the leaf tissues in high densities after an incubation period of 6 days at 18°C in a moist chamber. C. globosum and G. catenulatum colonized only the outer portions of the leaf, whereas A. pullulans appeared to be concentrated in the leaf stomata. When pathogen and antagonists were applied together, ultrastructural observations revealed that cells of B. aclada were plasmolyzed in the presence of G. catenulatum, suggesting a reaction to antifungal molecules. Antibiosis also seemed to be involved, albeit to a lesser extent, in the antagonistic interactions between B. aclada and A. pullulans or C. globosum. No evidence of direct parasitism was recorded. On the other hand, U. atrum appeared to completely exclude B. aclada from dead onion tissues when both fungi competed for the substrate. Ultrastructural observations of the in vitro interaction between the two fungi did not reveal parasitism or antibiosis by either fungus. Based on previous records of its biocontrol potential and observations of its colonizing properties, it appears that U. atrum can compete for and utilize necrotic tissues rapidly and extensively, thus, excluding competitors without any other antagonistic action.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Action of Curcumin against Staphylococcus aureus: A Brief Review

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sin-Yeang Teow ◽  
Kitson Liew ◽  
Syed A. Ali ◽  
Alan Soo-Beng Khoo ◽  
Suat-Cheng Peh
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Major Constituent ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Urgent Action

Curcumin, the major constituent of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae family) or turmeric, commonly used for cooking in Asian cuisine, is known to possess a broad range of pharmacological properties at relatively nontoxic doses. Curcumin is found to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). As demonstrated by in vitro experiment, curcumin exerts even more potent effects when used in combination with various other antibacterial agents. Hence, curcumin which is a natural product derived from plant is believed to have profound medicinal benefits and could be potentially developed into a naturally derived antibiotic in the future. However, there are several noteworthy challenges in the development of curcumin as a medicine. S. aureus infections, particularly those caused by the multidrug-resistant strains, have emerged as a global health issue and urgent action is needed. This review focuses on the antibacterial activities of curcumin against both methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). We also attempt to highlight the potential challenges in the effort of developing curcumin into a therapeutic antibacterial agent.

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