Antibacterial Potency of Black Garlic Extract from Allium sativum on Escherichia coli

Background: Diarrhea is still one of the global issues especially in developing countries. Diarrhea can be caused by either an infectious agent or a non-infectious agent. Escherichia coli is one of the infectious agents that is responsible for causing diarrhea. Garlic (Allium sativum) is a plant that has a good antibacterial activity potential because of its organosulfur and phenolic compound. Black garlic is the product of spontaneous fermentation of garlic that has improved its bioactive compounds. Content: Antibacterial potency of black garlic extract on Escherichia coli is shown on the resistance zone that formed where the lowest zone diameter is 9,67 mm while the highest zone is 24 mm. The fermentation of black garlic happened at the temperature of 70-80°C with 75-80% for 28-40 days. Conclusion: Black garlic is shown to exhibit antibacterial activity against bacteria such as Escherichia coli. This fermented product has the potential to be a therapeutic agent for diseases caused by Escherichia coli.

SYNTHESIS, MOLECULAR BIOINFORMATICS MODELLING, AND ANTIMICROBIAL EVALUATION OF SOME NOVEL OXADIAZOLE FLUOROQUINOLONE DERIVATIVES

Objective: The present study envisages a series of oxadiazole fluoroquinolone derivatives that were synthesized (D1–D12) with added derivatives such as phenyl, aminophenyl, amino hydroxyphenyl along with cyclopropyl, ethyl, piperazine, and imidazole. Methods: All of the newly produced molecules were characterized by infrared, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis technique and screened for docking stimulation to find out binding modes of synthesized derivatives with 3FV5, 5IMW, and 5ESE and evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Results: From this study, it was found that the compound D8 showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus), compound D9 showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli), and compound D3 showed good antifungal activity against fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) in comparison with standard drugs (Ciprofloxacin and fluconazole). The zone of inhibition and minimum inhibitory concentration studies was performed on synthesized compounds. Conclusion: The analogs of oxadiazole flouroquinolone are suggested to be potent inhibitors with sufficient scope for further exploration.

Antibacterial Studies of Penicillin G Loaded Carboxylic Cellulose Acetate Nanoparticles

Cellulose acetate nanoparticles (CCA NPs) with mean particles sizes of 97 nm were synthesized via the nanoprecipitation process. The antibacterial properties of these CCA NPs were evaluated against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria, respectively. The CCA NPs exhibited good antibacterial activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (+), Staphylococcus epidermis (+), Escherichia coli (-), Bacillus cereus (+), and Salmonella typhimurium (-) in range of MIC of 2.5×102 to 5.0×102 µg.mL-1 and MBC of 5.0×102 to 1.0×103 µg.mL-1. Penicillin G (PenG)-loaded CCA NPs demonstrated synergistic antibacterial activities against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria. PenG-loaded CCA NPs also exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against the Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) superbug, which is resistant to penicillin G. These promising antibacterial properties suggested that CCA NPs could potentially serve as an alternative potent antimicrobial agent for both Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria as well as the superbug MRSA.

Integration of metabolomics and transcriptomics indicates changes in MRSA exposed to terpinen-4-ol

Background This study investigated the effects of terpinen-4-ol on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its biofilm, and the possible mechanisms governing this effect. Results We observed that terpinen-4-ol has good antibacterial activity and inhibits the formation of MRSA biofilm. The MIC and MBC values for terpinen-4-ol against S. aureus were 0.08% ~ 0.32%. And terpinen-4-ol at 0.32% could kill all bacteria and clear all biofilms. Untargeted metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses showed that terpinen-4-ol strongly inhibited DNA and RNA biosynthesis in MRSA at 2 h after treatment by affecting genes and metabolites related to purine and pyrimidine metabolic pathways. Some differential genes which play important roles in DNA synthesis and the production of eDNA from biofilm exposed to terpinen-4-ol was also significantly decreased compared with that of the control. Conclusions Terpinen-4-ol has good antibacterial activity and significantly inhibits the formation of MRSA biofilm by inhibiting purine and pyrimidine metabolism.

Calcium Chloride Treated Highly Elastane Cotton Fabrics as Antibacterial, Comfortable and Environmentally Friendly Materials

In the paper, the results of experiments on high elastane cotton crochet warp knitting fabrics treated with different calcium chloride solutions by the pad-dry-cure method have been reported. The tests for evaluating the antibacterial activity, thermophysiological comfort properties, physical performance of the samples were performed. In addition, the characterization analyses, including SEM, EDX, FTIR-attenuated total reflectance (ATR), and XRD, afforded indications of the good crosslinking of the CaCl2 onto the cotton/elastane samples. At a higher degree of activity, the calcium-chloride-treated fabrics were rated as having good antibacterial activity, being exceptionally breathable, and being comfortable with good physical properties such as stiffness, handle, and whiteness properties.

Analysis of New Piperidine Substituted Benzothiazole Crystalline Derivatives

Recently, heterocyclic compounds play important role in drug industries. The benzothiazole (BTA) is a bicyclic compound in heterocyclic because of their biological properties. In this paper the synthesis and characterization of benzothiazole were reported. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were established based on spectral data of 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and IR. The mass of the novel compounds was established with the help of the LCMS test. The formation of the crystal was confirmed by powder XRD and the sharp peaks show the purity and crystalline nature of the samples. The photoluminescence spectra explain the optical property of the compound. The biological studies of synthesized compounds show that compound 5c possesses good antibacterial activity and compound 5d has good antifungal activity.

CO2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Oleoresins from Sea Buckthorn Pomace: Evidence of Advanced Bioactive Profile and Selected Functionality

The processing of sea buckthorn generates a significant amount of pomace, seeds and skin considered valuable sources of health-promoting macromolecules, such as carotenoids, pectin, flavonoids, phytosterols, polyunsaturated fatty acids and tocopherols. In this study, the bioactives from sea buckthorn pomace (SBP) were extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SFE-CO2), at different temperatures and pressures, allowing for obtaining four fractions according to separators (S40 and S45). The highest carotenoid content of 396.12 ± 1.02 mg/g D.W. was found in the S40 fraction, at extraction parameters of 35 °C/45 MPa, yielding an antioxidant activity of 32.10 ± 0.17 mMol TEAC/g D.W. The representative carotenoids in the extract were zeaxanthin, β-carotene and lycopene, whereas all enriched SFE-CO2 extracts contained α-, β- and δ-tocopherol, with α-tocopherol representing around 82% of all fractions. β-sitosterol was the major phytosterol in the fractions derived from S45. All fractions contained significant fatty acids, with a predominance of linoleic acid. Remarkably, the enriched extracts showed a significant palmitoleic acid content, ranging from 53 to 65 µg/g. S40 extracts showed a good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Aeromonas hydrophila ATCC 7966, whereas S45 extracts showed a growth inhibition rate of 100% against Aspergillus niger after three days of growth. Our results are valuable, and they allow identifying the different profiles of extracts with many different applications in food, pharmaceutics, nutraceuticals and cosmeceuticals.

Dual-Functional Nano-Functionalized Titanium Scaffolds to Inhibit Bacterial Growth and Enhance Osteointegration

Implantable biomaterials play a key role for the success of orthopedic surgery procedures. However, infections remain one of the most damaging post-operative complications that lead to the implant failure. Recently, several approaches have been proposed to avoid or manage implant-associated infections. Among these, an appropriate surface functionalization to confer intrinsic antibacterial properties preserving the osteo-integration ability represents an appealing strategy for the development of innovative implant materials. Titanium and its alloys are the most used materials for manufacturing of both articular and bone skull prostheses as well as dental implants. However, to date there is still a significant clinical need to improve their bioactivity, osseointegration and antibacterial activity. In this study, titanium biomimetic scaffolds are prepared by nano-functionalization with TiO2 (Ti_TiO2) and γFe2O3 (Ti_γFe2O3). Both cytocompatibility and antibacterial activity have been evaluated. Data show that both nano-functionalized scaffolds exhibit a good antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus, reducing colony number to 99.4% (Ti_TiO2) and 99.9% (Ti_γFe2O3), respectively. In addition, an increase of both human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADSCs) cell proliferation (up to 4.3-fold for Ti_TiO2 and 3.7-fold for Ti_gFe2O3) and differentiation has been observed. These data suggest that these nano-functionalized titanium substrates represent promising prototypes for new antimicrobial and osteoconductive biomaterials to be used in the orthopedic field to reconstruct significant bone defect.

Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan and Polyvinyl Alcohol/Ag@MOF Bilayer Hydrogel for Tissue Engineering Applications

In this paper, polyvinyl alcohol/Ag-Metal-organic framework (PVA/Ag@MOF) and polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan (PVA/CS) were used as the inner and outer layers to successfully prepare a bilayer composite hydrogel for tissue engineering scaffold. The performance of bilayer hydrogels was evaluated. The outer layer (PVA/CS) has a uniform pore size distribution, good water retention, biocompatibility and cell adhesion ability. The inner layer (PVA/Ag@MOF) has good antibacterial activity and poor biocompatibility. PVA, PVA/0.1%Ag@MOF, PVA/0.5%Ag@MOF, and PVA/1.0%Ag@MOF show anti-microbial activity in ascending order. However, its use as an inner layer avoids direct contact with cells and prevents infection. The cell viability of all samples was above 90%, indicating that the bilayer hydrogel was non-toxic to A549 cells. The bilayer hydrogel scaffold combines the advantages of the inner and outer layers. In summary, this new bilayer composite is an ideal lung scaffold for tissue engineering.