scholarly journals Memory-specific correlated neuronal activity in higher-order auditory regions of a parrot

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryohei Satoh ◽  
Hiroko Eda-Fujiwara ◽  
Aiko Watanabe ◽  
Yasuharu Okamoto ◽  
Takenori Miyamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Contact Calls ◽  
Contrast Exposure ◽  
Auditory Region ◽  
Neuronal Representation ◽  
Specific Association ◽  
Positive Correlations

AbstractMale budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) are open-ended learners that can learn to produce new vocalisations as adults. We investigated neuronal activation in male budgerigars using the expression of the protein products of the immediate early genes zenk and c-fos in response to exposure to conspecific contact calls (CCs: that of the mate or an unfamiliar female) in three subregions (CMM, dNCM and vNCM) of the caudomedial pallium, a higher order auditory region. Significant positive correlations of Zenk expression were found between these subregions after exposure to mate CCs. In contrast, exposure to CCs of unfamiliar females produced no such correlations. These results suggest the presence of a CC-specific association among the subregions involved in auditory memory. The caudomedial pallium of the male budgerigar may have functional subdivisions that cooperate in the neuronal representation of auditory memory.

Relations between Self-Leadership and Scores on the Big Five

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco R. Furtner ◽  
John F. Rauthmann
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Behavioral Strategies ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Big Five Traits ◽  
Alpha Beta ◽  
Positive Correlations

The recent construct of Self-leadership, which includes cognitive and behavioral strategies of managing oneself, has yet to be examined for associations with central personality dimensions such as the Big Five and their higher-order factors (Alpha, Beta). It was hypothesized that Self-leadership and its subfacets would be significantly correlated with all Big Five traits except Agreeableness, albeit higher with Extraversion and Openness to Experiences as it should pertain more strongly to agentic than communal traits. Analyses in university students ( N = 168) indicated that Self-leadership and its facets were more strongly related to Beta (Agency) than Alpha (Communion), and, although there were mostly positive correlations, Self-leadership should be distinguished from the Big Five traits. Findings are discussed regarding Self-leadership's associations with the Big Five traits and higher-order factors.

Abstract 82: In Vivo Memri Reveals Persistent Activation of the Pvn by an Acute Systemic Angiotensin Ii Injection

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasenka Zubcevic ◽  
Pablo D Perez ◽  
Jessica Marulanda Carvajal ◽  
Mohan K Raizada ◽  
Marcelo Febo
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat ◽  
Pressor Response ◽  
Neuronal Response ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Neurogenic Hypertension ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: An overactive brain renin-angiotensin system is a major factor in the establishment of neurogenic hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). However, there is no concrete evidence to indicate that this is associated with enhanced neuronal activity in the brain. The objective here was to use the MRI to establish the effect of ANGII on neuronal activity in the autonomic brain areas. We propose that a single ANGII injection will cause a long-lasting neuronal response in the autonomic brain areas, which will be exaggerated in the SHR. Methods: In vivo basal and ANGII-evoked neuronal activity was measured in the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rat and the SHR using manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) at 4.7Tesla. Rats were treated with manganese chloride (MnCl 2 30 mM solution, i.p .;16-20 hrs prior to the MRI), which labels active neurons. T 1 -weighted images were obtained 16-20 hrs after a single ANGII injection (0.32μg/kg i.p.). Coronal slice scans (caudally from end of the cerebellum towards the hypothalamus) were processed using itkSNAP, and data analyzed for normalized signal intensity. Results: Acute ANGII injection caused an immediate pressor response in the WKY (ΔSBP=∼20mmHg), normalizing within 2 hours. Despite this, ANGII evoked a persistent PVN neuronal activation, which was elevated by 22±4% in the WKY, and by 187±45% in the PVN of SHR. As a result, there was a ∼8.5fold increase in the ANGII-dependent neuronal activity in the PVN of SHR compared to WKY. Furthermore, there was a ∼2.5fold decrease in the NTS neuronal activity in the SHR compared to WKY. Conclusion: The present study shows for the first time the correlation between ANGII and autonomic neuronal activation. Even a single systemic ANGII injection results in a lasting effect on the brain. This is particularly apparent in the SHR, which exhibited an exaggerated neuronal response to the ANGII stimulus, reflected in the elevated PVN neuronal activation corresponding to the enhanced sympathetic drive, and in the depressed NTS activation corresponding to the dysfunction in the barorereflex processing. Thus, repeated pro-hypertensive stimuli in the autonomic brain areas may lead to pre-sympathetic neuronal plasticity, resulting in heightened sympathetic drive and hypertension.

Pilot Study of Muslim Women's Perceptions on Religion and Sport

2005 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 787-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew S. Wiggins ◽  
Sarah J. Hillyer ◽  
Cedric Browning
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Performance Anxiety ◽  
Muslim Women ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Women’S Perceptions ◽  
Positive Correlations

This study surveyed 25 Muslim women from Iran about their religious beliefs about sport while taking part in a softball clinic. Direct quotes were collected, translated into English, transcribed verbatim from surveys, and then inductively analyzed into higher order themes, which included strategies to deal with performance anxiety, presence of friends and family support, and use of religion in sport. Quantitative scores recorded indicated a low positive correlations of .17 between sport and religion, although there were some indications of differences about importance (some rated sport more important than religion). Hypotheses are proposed for study.

Astrocytes are a key conduit for upstream signaling of vasodilation during cerebral cortical neuronal activation in vivo

2008 ◽  
Vol 294 (2) ◽  
pp. H622-H632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hao-Liang Xu ◽  
Lizhen Mao ◽  
Shuhua Ye ◽  
Chanannait Paisansathan ◽  
Francesco Vetri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Glia Limitans ◽  
Ability To Act ◽  
Pial Arterioles ◽  
Sciatic Nerve Stimulation ◽  
Signaling Process

Astrocytes play an important role in the coupling between neuronal activity and brain blood flow via their capacity to “sense” neuronal activity and transmit that information to parenchymal arterioles. Here we show another role for astrocytes in neurovascular coupling: the ability to act as a signaling conduit for the vitally important process of upstream vasodilation (represented by pial arterioles) during both excessive (seizure) and physiological (sciatic nerve stimulation) increases in cerebral cortical neuronal activity. The predominance of an astrocytic rather than a vascular route was indicated by data showing that pial arteriolar-dilating responses to neuronal activation were completely blocked following selective disruption of the superficial glia limitans, whereas interference with interendothelial signaling was without effect. Results also revealed contributions from connexin 43, implying a role for gap junctions and/or hemichannels in the signaling process and that signaling from the glia limitans to pial arterioles may involve a diffusible mediator.

Neuronal activation related to auditory memory in parrot brain

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S226
Author(s):  
Hiroko Eda-Fujiwara ◽  
Ryohei Satoh ◽  
Johan J. Bolhuis ◽  
M.A. (Thijs) Zandbergen ◽  
Takenori Miyamoto
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Memory ◽  
Neuronal Activation

Role of endothelium-pericyte signaling in capillary blood flow response to neuronal activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 0271678X2110079
Author(s):  
Wenri Zhang ◽  
Catherine M Davis ◽  
Douglas M Zeppenfeld ◽  
Kirsti Golgotiu ◽  
Marie X Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Functional Hyperemia ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Two Photon Microscopy ◽  
Tightly Coupled ◽  
Whisker Stimulation ◽  
Optical Microangiography ◽  
Hyperemic Response

Local blood flow in the brain is tightly coupled to metabolic demands, a phenomenon termed functional hyperemia. Both capillaries and arterioles contribute to the hyperemic response to neuronal activity via different mechanisms and timescales. The nature and specific signaling involved in the hyperemic response of capillaries versus arterioles, and their temporal relationship are not fully defined. We determined the time-dependent changes in capillary flux and diameter versus arteriolar velocity and flow following whisker stimulation using optical microangiography (OMAG) and two-photon microscopy. We further characterized depth-resolved responses of individual capillaries versus capillary networks. We hypothesized that capillaries respond first to neuronal activation, and that they exhibit a coordinated response mediated via endothelial-derived epoxyeicosatrienoates (EETs) acting on pericytes. To visualize peri-capillary pericytes, we used Tie2-GFP/NG2-DsRed mice, and to determine the role of endothelial-derived EETs, we compared cerebrovascular responses to whisker stimulation between wild-type mice and mice with lower endothelial EETs (Tie2-hsEH). We found that capillaries respond immediately to neuronal activation in an orchestrated network-level manner, a response attenuated in Tie2-hsEH and inhibited by blocking EETs action on pericytes. These results demonstrate that capillaries are first responders during functional hyperemia, and that they exhibit a network-level response mediated via endothelial-derived EETs’ action on peri-capillary pericytes.

scholarly journals OPTOGENETICA: CONTROLLARE I NEURONI CON LA LUCE

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Moroni
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Blue Light ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Cation Channels ◽  
K Channel ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Pain Model ◽  
Neuronal Inhibition

Optogenetics is a booming technique in neuroscience that allows manipualtion of neuronal activity by light. Neuronal activation can be achieved by the activation of light-gated cation channels while neuronal inhibition relies on the activation of chloride pumps and channels. We have engineered a light-gated potassium (K+) channel (BLINK) by linking the plant photoreceptor module LOV2 to the viral channel Kcv. Upon illumination with blue light (450 nm), BLINK channel hyperpolarizes neurons to EK and this effect persists for several minutes even in the dark. Pilot experiments in a mouse pain model show that this protracted light-off activity can be successfully employed for long term pain relief after activation of the channel by a short pulse of light.

Hippocampal functional hyperemia mediated by NMDA receptor/NO signaling in rats during mild exercise

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Nishijima ◽  
Masahiro Okamoto ◽  
Takashi Matsui ◽  
Ichiro Kita ◽  
Hideaki Soya
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Nmda Receptor ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Functional Hyperemia ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Group I ◽  
No Signaling

Current studies have demonstrated that exercise increases regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), an index of neuronal activity. However, neuronal regulation of the increased rCBF in the brain parenchyma is poorly understood. We developed a running model with rats for monitoring hippocampal cerebral blood flow (Hip-CBF) and found that mild treadmill running increases Hip-CBF in a tetrodotoxin-dependent manner, suggesting that functional hyperemia, an increase in rCBF in response to neuronal activation, occurs in the running rat's hippocampus (Nishijima T and Soya H. Neurosci Res 54: 186–191, 2006). To further support our hypothesis, it was important to discover the neurogenic pathways behind the increase in Hip-CBF that occurred during running. Here, we examine the possible role of N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor/nitric oxide (NO) signaling and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors in mediating the Hip-CBF increase. Hip-CBF during running was measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Intrahippocampal drug administration was performed by microdialysis. Mild treadmill running (10 m/min) increased Hip-CBF, which was remarkably attenuated by either NMDA receptor antagonists (1 mM MK-801) or NO synthase inhibitors (2 mM NG-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester). However, group I metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists {1 mM 7-(hydroxyimino)cyclopropa[ b]chromen-1a-carboxylate ethyl ester + 1 mM 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine hydrochloride} augmented the running-induced Hip-CBF increase. We also found that rCBF in the olfactory bulb was unchanged with running. These results strongly suggest that Hip-CBF during mild exercise is regulated locally under hippocampal neuronal activity, mediated mainly through NMDA receptor/NO signaling. Collectively, these results, together with our previous findings, support our hypothesis that mild exercise elicits neuronal activation, which then triggers functional hyperemia in the rat hippocampus.

scholarly journals Impaired social behaviour and molecular mediators of associated neural circuits during chronicToxoplasma gondiiinfection in female mice

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiraz Tyebji ◽  
Simona Seizova ◽  
Alexandra L Garnham ◽  
Anthony J Hannan ◽  
Christopher J Tonkin
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Memory ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Social Recognition ◽  
Synaptic Proteins ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Female Mice

AbstractToxoplasma gondii(T. gondii) is a neurotropic parasite that is associated with various neuropsychiatric disorders. Rodents infected withT. gondiidisplay a plethora of behavioural alterations, andToxoplasmainfection in humans has been strongly associated with disorders such as schizophrenia, in which impaired social behaviour is an important feature. Elucidating changes at the cellular level relevant to neuropsychiatric conditions can lead to effective therapies. Here, we compare changes in behaviour during an acute and chronicT. gondiiinfection in female mice. Further, we notice that during chronic phase of infection, mice display impaired sociability when exposed to a novel conspecific. Also, we show thatT. gondiiinfected mice display impaired short-term social recognition memory. However, object recognition memory remains intact. Using c-Fos as a marker of neuronal activity, we show that infection leads to an impairment in neuronal activation in the medial prefrontal cortex, hippocampus as well as the amygdala when mice are exposed to a social environment and a change in functional connectivity between these regions. We found changes in synaptic proteins that play a role in the process of neuronal activation such as synaptophysin, PSD-95 and changes in downstream substrates of cell activity such as cyclic AMP, phospho-CREB and BDNF. Our results point towards an imbalance in neuronal activity that can lead to a wider range of neuropsychiatric problems uponT. gondiiinfection.

scholarly journals A quantitative model of conserved macroscopic dynamics predicts future motor commands

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Connor Brennan ◽  
Alexander Proekt
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Dwell Time ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Neuronal Activation ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Motor Commands ◽  
Neuron Activation ◽  
Control Locomotion

In simple organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans, whole brain imaging has been performed. Here, we use such recordings to model the nervous system. Our model uses neuronal activity to predict expected time of future motor commands up to 30 s prior to the event. These motor commands control locomotion. Predictions are valid for individuals not used in model construction. The model predicts dwell time statistics, sequences of motor commands and individual neuron activation. To develop this model, we extracted loops spanned by neuronal activity in phase space using novel methodology. The model uses only two variables: the identity of the loop and the phase along it. Current values of these macroscopic variables predict future neuronal activity. Remarkably, our model based on macroscopic variables succeeds despite consistent inter-individual differences in neuronal activation. Thus, our analytical framework reconciles consistent individual differences in neuronal activation with macroscopic dynamics that operate universally across individuals.

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