scholarly journals Mapping of population disparities in the cholangiocarcinoma urinary metabolome

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Munirah Alsaleh ◽  
Zoe Leftley ◽  
Thomas O’Connor ◽  
Thomas Hughes ◽  
Thomas A. Barbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Spectral Variability ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Spectral Profiles ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Urine Specimens

AbstractPhenotypic diversity in urinary metabolomes of different geographical populations has been recognized recently. In this study, urinary metabolic signatures from Western (United Kingdom) and South-East Asian (Thai) cholangiocarcinoma patients were characterized to understand spectral variability due to host carcinogenic processes and/or exogenous differences (nutritional, environmental and pharmaceutical). Urinary liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC–MS) spectral profiles from Thai (healthy = 20 and cholangiocarcinoma = 14) and UK cohorts (healthy = 22 and cholangiocarcinoma = 10) were obtained and modelled using chemometric data analysis. Healthy metabolome disparities between the two distinct populations were primarily related to differences in dietary practices and body composition. Metabolites excreted due to drug treatment were dominant in urine specimens from cholangiocarcinoma patients, particularly in Western individuals. Urine from participants with sporadic (UK) cholangiocarcinoma contained greater levels of a nucleotide metabolite (uridine/pseudouridine). Higher relative concentrations of 7-methylguanine were observed in urine specimens from Thai cholangiocarcinoma patients. The urinary excretion of hippurate and methyladenine (gut microbial-host co-metabolites) showed a similar pattern of lower levels in patients with malignant biliary tumours from both countries. Intrinsic (body weight and body composition) and extrinsic (xenobiotic metabolism) factors were the main causes of disparities between the two populations. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, biological perturbations associated with cholangiocarcinoma urine metabolome signatures appeared to be influenced by gut microbial community metabolism. Dysregulation in nucleotide metabolism was associated with sporadic cholangiocarcinoma, possibly indicating differences in mitochondrial energy production pathways between cholangiocarcinoma tumour subtypes. Mapping population-specific metabolic disparities may aid in interpretation of disease processes and identification of candidate biomarkers.

scholarly journals Mapping of Population Disparities in the Cholangiocarcinoma Urinary Metabolome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munirah Alsaleh ◽  
Zoe Leftley ◽  
Thomas O’ Connor ◽  
Thomas Hughes ◽  
Thomas Barbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Spectral Variability ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Spectral Profiles ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Urine Specimens

Abstract Background Phenotypic diversity in urinary metabolomes of different geographical populations has been recognized recently. In this study, urinary metabolic signatures from Western (United Kingdom) and South-East Asian (Thai) cholangiocarcinoma patients were characterized to understand spectral variability due to host carcinogenic processes and/or exogenous differences (nutritional, environmental and pharmaceutical). Methods Urinary liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) spectral profiles from Thai (healthy=20 and cholangiocarcinoma=14) and UK cohorts (healthy=22 and cholangiocarcinoma=10) were obtained and modelled using chemometric data analysis. Results Healthy metabolome disparities between the two distinct populations were primarily related to differences in dietary practices and body composition. Metabolites excreted due to drug treatment were dominant in urine specimens from cholangiocarcinoma patients, particularly in Western individuals. Urine from participants with sporadic (UK) cholangiocarcinoma contained greater levels of a nucleotide metabolite (uridine/pseudouridine). Higher relative concentrations of 7-methylguanine were observed in urine specimens from Thai cholangiocarcinoma patients. The urinary excretion of hippurate and methyladenine (gut microbial-host co-metabolites) showed a similar pattern of lower levels in patients with malignant biliary tumours from both countries. Conclusion Intrinsic (body weight and body composition) and extrinsic (xenobiotic metabolism) factors were the main causes of disparities between the two populations. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, biological perturbations associated with cholangiocarcinoma urine metabolome signatures appeared to be influenced by gut microbial community metabolism. Dysregulation in nucleotide metabolism was associated with sporadic cholangiocarcinoma, possibly indicating differences in mitochondrial energy production pathways between cholangiocarcinoma tumour subtypes. Mapping population-specific metabolic disparities may aid in interpretation of disease processes and identification of candidate biomarkers.

scholarly journals Mapping of Population Disparities in the Cholangiocarcinoma Urinary Metabolome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Munirah Alsaleh ◽  
Zoe Leftley ◽  
Thomas O’ Connor ◽  
Thomas Hughes ◽  
Thomas A. Barbera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Nucleotide Metabolism ◽  
Spectral Variability ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Spectral Profiles ◽  
Gut Microbial Community ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Urine Specimens

Abstract Background Phenotypic diversity in urinary metabolomes of different geographical populations has been recognized recently. In this study, urinary metabolic signatures from Western (United Kingdom) and South-East Asian (Thai) cholangiocarcinoma patients were characterized to understand spectral variability due to host carcinogenic processes and/or exogenous differences (nutritional, environmental and pharmaceutical). Methods Urinary liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy (LC-MS) spectral profiles from Thai (healthy=20 and cholangiocarcinoma=14) and UK cohorts (healthy=22 and cholangiocarcinoma=10) were obtained and modelled using chemometric data analysis. Results Healthy metabolome disparities between the two distinct populations were primarily related to differences in dietary practices and body composition. Metabolites excreted due to drug treatment were dominant in urine specimens from cholangiocarcinoma patients, particularly in Western individuals. Urine from participants with sporadic (UK) cholangiocarcinoma contained greater levels of a nucleotide metabolite (uridine/pseudouridine). Higher relative concentrations of 7-methylguanine were observed in urine specimens from Thai cholangiocarcinoma patients. The urinary excretion of hippurate and methyladenine (gut microbial-host co-metabolites) showed a similar pattern of lower levels in patients with malignant biliary tumours from both countries.Conclusion Intrinsic (body weight and body composition) and extrinsic (xenobiotic metabolism) factors were the main causes of disparities between the two populations. Regardless of the underlying aetiology, biological perturbations associated with cholangiocarcinoma urine metabolome signatures appeared to be influenced by gut microbial community metabolism. Dysregulation in nucleotide metabolism was associated with sporadic cholangiocarcinoma, possibly indicating differences in mitochondrial energy production pathways between cholangiocarcinoma tumour subtypes. Mapping population-specific metabolic disparities may aid in interpretation of disease processes and identification of candidate biomarkers.

scholarly journals Morphometric and genetic differentiation among populations of Eupemphix nattereri (Amphibia, Anura, Leiuperidae) from central Brazil

2008 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela de M. e Silva ◽  
Aparecido D. da Cruz ◽  
Rogério P. Bastos ◽  
Mariana P. de C. Telles ◽  
José Alexandre F. Diniz-Filho
Keyword(s):  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Mantel Test ◽  
Population Divergence ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Geographical Distances ◽  
The Relationship

To assess genetic structure and phenotypic diversity of Eupemphix nattereri Steindachner, 1863, morphometric and molecular analyses were carried out for nine populations from the State of Goiás. A total of 11 morphometric traits were evaluated and genetic information was estimated using RAPD markers. Genetic and phenotypic distances were determined as a function of geographical origin. Correlation among genetic, morphometric, micro, and macroenviromental were analyzed by the Mantel test. Genetic data indicated high levels of genetic diversity (Φst= 0.3) among the nine populations. Mantel tests did not reveal a significant positive correlation between genetic and geographical distances, indicating that locally geographical populations were not genetically similar, even in distances smaller than 50 km. Discriminant analysis on 11 morphometric measurements showed a high divergence among the nine populations. However, a marginally significant correlation (P=0.08) between genetic and morphometric distances was found. The observed correlation was not causal in terms of the relationship between phenotype and genotype, but indicated common spatial structures. Thus, our results suggest that isolation-by-distance processes may explain population divergence in Eupemphix nattereri.

scholarly journals Effect of Training Phase on Physical and Physiological Parameters of Male Powerlifters

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Daniel Hackett ◽  
Guy Wilson ◽  
Lachlan Mitchell ◽  
Marjan Haghighi ◽  
Jillian Clarke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Training Phase ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Phase 3 ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Preparatory Phase

Longitudinal research on training and dietary practices of natural powerlifters is limited. This study investigated the effect of phases of training on physical and physiological parameters in male natural powerlifters. Nine participants completed testing at two time points: (i) preparatory phase (~3 months prior to a major competition) and (ii) competition phase (1–2 weeks from a major competition). No significant changes between training phases were found for muscle strength and power. A trend for significance was found for decreased muscle endurance of the lower body (−24.4%, p = 0.08). A significant increase in leg lean mass was found at the competition phase (2.3%, p = 0.04), although no changes for other body composition measures were observed. No change was observed for any health marker except a trend for increased urinary creatinine clearance at the competition phase (12.5%, p = 0.08). A significant reduction in training volume for the lower body (−75.0%, p = 0.04) and a trend for a decrease in total energy intake (−17.0%, p = 0.06) was observed during the competition phase. Despite modifications in training and dietary practices, it appears that muscle performance, body composition, and health status remain relatively stable between training phases in male natural powerlifters.

The Body Composition, Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors, and Future Education Needs of Senior Schoolboy Rugby Players in Ireland

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 365-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Walsh ◽  
Laura Cartwright ◽  
Clare Corish ◽  
Sheila Sugrue ◽  
Ruth Wood-Martin
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nutritional Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Practices ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Education Needs ◽  
Dietary Supplement Use ◽  
Rugby Players

Purpose:This study examined the body composition, nutritional knowledge, behaviors, attitudes, and educational needs of senior schoolboy rugby players in Ireland.Methods:Participants included 203 male rugby players age 15–18 yr competing at Senior School’s Cup level in Leinster, Ireland. Estimation of body composition included measurement of height, weight, and percentage body fat (PBF; using bioelectrical impedance analysis, Tanita BC-418). Nutritional knowledge, behaviors, attitudes, and education needs were assessed by questionnaire.Results:The range of PBF was 5.1–25.3%. Sixty-eight percent of the players in this study had a healthy PBF (10–20%), 32 (22%) were classified as underweight (<10% body fat), and 9.7% (n = 14) were overweight. Assessment of nutritional knowledge demonstrated poor knowledge of the foods required for refueling, appropriate use of sports drinks, and the role of protein in muscle formation. Alcohol consumption and dietary supplement use were reported by 87.7% and 64.5%, respectively. A perception that greater body size enhances sport performance did not predict dietary supplement use. Nutritional advice had been previously sought by 121 players from coaches (66.9%), magazines (42.1%), Web sites (38.8%), peers (35.5%), family (28.1%), sport organizations (16.5%), and health professionals (8.2%). Nutritional knowledge was no better in these players, nor did better nutritional knowledge correlate with positive dietary behaviors or attitudes.Conclusions:Most players had a healthy PBF. Despite a positive attitude toward nutrition, poor nutritional knowledge and dietary practices were observed in many players. Young athletes’ nutritional knowledge and dietary practices may benefit from appropriate nutritional education.

Virulence dynamics and phenotypic diversity of Puccinia coronata f.sp. avenae in Canada from 1974 to 1990

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Chong ◽  
J. A. Kolmer
Keyword(s):  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Puccinia Coronata ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Eastern Population ◽  
Virulence Phenotype ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Rust Resistance Genes

The changes in virulence phenotype frequencies of Puccinia coronata Cda. f.sp. avenae Eriks. since 1974 in the eastern (Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes) and prairie (Manitoba and Saskatchewan) regions of Canada were examined. In the eastern region, frequency of virulence to Pc39 increased after the release of a cultivar with this resistance gene. Virulence to Pc38 and Pc39 increased in the prairie region after cultivars with these two genes were released. The frequencies of virulence to Pc35 and Pc56 fluctuated between 9 and 53% in the eastern region, even though these genes are not known to be present in oat cultivars grown there. In the prairie region, the frequencies of virulence to Pc35 and Pc40 fluctuated between 21 and 60% from 1974 to 1990, and virulence to Pc46 increased from 7% in 1974 to 72% in 1985, even though these genes have not been used in commercial oat cultivars. The prairie population generally had higher levels of phenotypic diversity, as measured by the Shannon, Simpson, and Gleason indexes, than did the eastern population in almost all years examined. These results contrast with previous studies using an older set of differentials in which the eastern population had a higher level of phenotypic diversity than the prairie population. The Rogers index indicated that differences in frequencies of virulence phenotypes between the two populations has increased gradually since 1974. Key words: crown rust, resistance genes, selection, phenotypic diversity.

scholarly journals Vector Competence of Geographical Populations ofOrnithodoros turicatafor the Tick-Borne Relapsing Fever SpirocheteBorrelia turicatae

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Krishnavajhala ◽  
Brittany A. Armstrong ◽  
Job E. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Vector Competence ◽  
Relapsing Fever ◽  
Tick Saliva ◽  
Eastern Population ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Western Population ◽  
Geographical Populations ◽  
Globally Distributed ◽  
Two Populations

ABSTRACTVector competence refers to the ability of an arthropod to acquire, maintain, and successfully transmit a microbial pathogen. Tick-borne relapsing fever (TBRF) spirochetes are globally distributed pathogens, and most species are transmitted by argasid ticks of the genusOrnithodoros.A defining characteristic in vector competence is an apparent specificity of a species of TBRF spirochete to a given tick species. In arid regions of the southern United States,Borrelia turicataeis the primary cause of TBRF. Interestingly, there are two populations of the tick vector distributed throughout this region.Ornithodoros turicatais a western population that ranges from California to Texas. There is a gap through Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama where the tick has not been identified. An isolated eastern population exists in Florida and was designated a subspecies,O. turicata americanus.A knowledge gap that exists is the poor understanding of vector competence between western and eastern populations of ticks forB. turicatae.In this study, we generated uninfected colonies ofO. turicatathat originated in Texas and Kansas and ofO. turicataamericanus. B. turicataeacquisition, maintenance through the molt, and subsequent transmission were evaluated. Our findings revealed significant differences in murine infection after feeding infectedO. turicataandO. turicataamericanusticks on the animals. Interestingly, the salivary glands of both tick populations were colonized withB. turicataeto similar densities. Our results suggest that the salivary glands of the tick colonies assessed in this study impact vector competence of the evaluatedB. turicataeisolates.IMPORTANCESeveral knowledge gaps exist in the vector competence of various geographical populations ofO. turicatathat transmitB. turicatae. A western population of this tick is distributed from California to Texas, and an eastern population exists in Florida. Utilizing western and eastern populations of the vector, we studied acquisition and transmission of twoB. turicataeisolates. Regardless of the isolate used, infection frequencies were poor in mice after the eastern population feeding on them. Since salivary gland colonization is essential forB. turicataetransmission, these tissues were further evaluated. Interestingly, the salivary glands from the two populations were similarly colonized withB. turicatae.These findings suggest the role of tick saliva in the establishment of infection and that the salivary glands may be a bottleneck for successful transmission.

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