scholarly journals A novel method quantifying caries following orthodontic treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Erbe ◽  
Luisa Hartmann ◽  
Irene Schmidtmann ◽  
Daniela Ohlendorf ◽  
Heinrich Wehrbein
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Concentric Circles ◽  
Multibracket Appliance

AbstractThis retrospective pilot study used a newly developed evaluation tool to assess the prevalence and incidence of White Spot Lesions (WSL) before and after multibracket appliance (MB) therapy. Digital photographs of 121 adolescent patients (63 ♂, 58 ♀) with metal brackets were analyzed retrospectively before and after MB therapy. The labial surfaces of anterior teeth, canine teeth, and premolars in the upper (UJ) and lower jaws (LJ) were evaluated using the Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) by Banks and Richmond (Eur J Orthod, 16(1):19–25, 1994, levels 0–3) and a specially developed digitally scaled graticule with concentric circles to quantify the extent of WSL (in %). The statistical data analysis was based on crosstabulations and logistic regression. Before MB, 69.4% of the patients presented at least one WSL and 97.5% after, an increase of 28.1%. Before MB, 18.4% of the tooth surfaces (TS) showed an EDI level of 1–3. After MB, 51.8% of the TS featured WSL. 18.2% of the TS showed a WSL to the extent of ≥ 20–100% before and 52.3% after MB. The incidence in the UJ (71–79%) as well as the LJ (64–76%) was highest for the first and second premolars and lowest for LJ incisors (22–35%). The probability for developing a new distal WSL is higher than developing gingival, mesial or occlusal WSL. Labial MB therapy drastically increases the risk of developing WSL. We verified a concise quantification of the extent of labial WSL with the evaluation index.

A New Method for Quantifying Labial White Spot Lesions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Erbe ◽  
Luisa Hartmann ◽  
Irene Schmidtmann ◽  
Daniela Ohlendorf ◽  
Heinrich Wehrbein
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
White Spot ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Multibracket Appliance

Abstract Aims: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence as well as incidence of White Spot Lesions (WSL) before and after labial multibracket appliance (MB) therapy. The goal was also to determine the intensity of WSL based on the Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) by Banks & Richmond (1994). Moreover, this study investigated the scope of WSL by using a newly-developed evaluation tool. Materials & methods: Digital photographs of 121 patients (63 ♂, 58 ♀) with labial metal brackets were analyzed retrospectively before and after MB therapy. The patients were 12.5±2.1 years old. The treatment took 3.1±1.4 years. Adult patients as well as patients with structural or restaurative modifications were excluded from the study. All patients received standardized prophylactic instructions. The labial surfaces of anterior teeth, canine teeth, and premolars in the upper (UJ) and lower jaws (LJ) were evaluated by using the Enamel Decalcification Index (EDI) by Banks & Richmond (1994, levels 0-3) and a specially developed scaled graticule with concentric circles to quantify the extent of WSL (in %). The statistical data analysis was based on crosstabulations and logistic regression. Results: Before MB, 69.4% of the patients had WSL. After MB therapy, 97.5% of the patients presented at least one WSL. The incidence amounted to 28.1%. Before MB, 18.4% of the tooth surfaces (TS) showed an EDI level of 1-3. After MB, 51.8% of the TS featured WSL. Before and after MB, the prevalence for WSL was higher on UJ and LJ canine teeth and premolars than on incisors. 18.2% of the TS showed a WSL to the extent of ≥ 20-100% before MB and 52.3% after MB. The majority (40.8%) of the newly-developed WSL concerned ≥ 40% of TS. The incidence in the UJ was highest for the first and second premolars (71-79%), followed by the lateral incisors (61-63%). In the LJ, the incidence was highest for the second and first premolars (64-76%) and lowest for incisors (22-35%). The logistic regression showed a statistically increased risk to develop WSL after MB for lateral incisors, UJ canine teeth, and for UJ and LJ premolars in male patients. The probability for developing a new distal WSL is higher than developing gingival, mesial, and occlusal WSL. Conclusion: Labial MB therapy is found to drastically increase the risk of developing WSL. Particularly, premolars and canine teeth showed an increased prevalence. In using the specially developed evaluation index, we were able to verify through simple handling and intra-rater reliability a concise quantification of the extent of labial WSL.

scholarly journals The quality of etched enamel in different regions and tooth types and its significance in bonding and the development of white spot lesions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth C. Barnhart ◽  
Phillip M. Campbell ◽  
Amal Noureldin ◽  
Katie Julien ◽  
Peter H. Buschang
Keyword(s):  
White Spot ◽  
Cervical Region ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Human Teeth ◽  
Posterior Teeth ◽  
Material Density ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT Objectives To quantify differences in the etch quality of enamel within and between human teeth, which has not previously been attempted. Materials and Methods The buccal right and left halves of 27 extracted human teeth were randomly allocated to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or micro–computed tomography (μCT) for evaluation. The buccal surfaces were pumiced, etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel etchant for 15 seconds, rinsed, and air dried. Each tooth was divided into three regions (incisal, middle, and cervical) and viewed after etching at 1200× magnification with SEM. The μCT scans were taken before and after etching to calculate apparent and material mineral densities. Results SEM showed greater aprismatic enamel and poorer etch quality (ie, significantly less percentage enamel) for the posterior than anterior teeth and for the cervical region than for the incisal and middle regions of all teeth. Although there were no density differences prior to etching, μCT demonstrated that etching increased material density significantly more for the anterior than posterior teeth. Prior to etching, the enamel in the cervical regions was significantly less dense than the enamel in the middle or incisal regions. Etching significantly increased the material density of all three regions, which decreased initial regional differences. After etching, the apparent density of the cervical region remained significantly lower than the densities of the other two regions. Conclusions Based on SEM and μCT, there is greater aprismatic enamel and inferior etch quality in the cervical regions of all tooth types and is clinically significant in explaining the failure of sealant retention and the propensity for white spot lesions.

scholarly journals External Bleaching Effect on the Color and Luminosity of Inactive White-Spot Lesions after Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 646-652 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Knösel ◽  
Rengin Attin ◽  
Klaus Becker ◽  
Thomas Attin
Keyword(s):  
White Spot ◽  
Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Color Matching ◽  
Orthodontic Appliance ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
Initial Lesions ◽  
Fixed Orthodontic Appliance

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the effect of external bleaching on the color and luminosity of inactive white-spot lesions (WSLs) present after fixed orthodontic appliance treatment as means for achieving color matching of the WSLs with adjacent tooth surfaces. Materials and Methods: Ten patients with inactive WSLs after therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances were selected. At baseline, the lightness of maxillary incisors and canines was assessed with a colorimeter. Color determinations were performed in the area of the initial lesions (F1) and at adjacent, sound enamel areas (F2). Then, anterior teeth were bleached once with a bleaching gel for 60 minutes. After a break of 14 days, in-office bleaching was followed by a 2-week home bleaching period with daily home bleaching for 1 hour. After this, color determinations were repeated. Additionally, patients were asked to fill out a questionnaire to provide information about their degree of contentment with the treatment. Results: The lightness values of both the F1 and F2 regions were significantly higher after bleaching as compared with baseline. F2 L-values increased significantly more as compared with F1, indicating a better color matching of these two areas in comparison with baseline. All patients were satisfied with the outcome of the bleaching therapy. Conclusion: External bleaching is able to satisfactorily camouflage WSLs visible after therapy with fixed orthodontic appliances.

scholarly journals Comparative in vitro study of the cleaning efficacy of AirFloss ultra and I-Prox Sulcus brushes in an orthodontic phantom model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Boes ◽  
Sören Brüstle ◽  
Gholamreza Danesh ◽  
Stefan Zimmer ◽  
Mozhgan Bizhang
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Phantom Model ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tooth Surfaces ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Cleaning Efficacy

AbstractPreventing biofilm-related risks such as gingivitis and white spot lesions during orthodontic treatments is very challenging. The cleaning efficiencies of AirFloss Ultra and I-Prox P sulcus brushes were evaluated using an orthodontic phantom model. After attaching brackets onto black-coated maxillary KaVo teeth, a plaque substitute was applied. The evaluated tooth surfaces were divided into two areas. Cleaning was performed with an AirFloss Ultra with two (A-2) or four (A-4) sprays or an I-Prox P for two (I-2) or four (I-4) seconds. Images before and after cleaning were digitally subtracted, and the percentage of fully cleaned surfaces was determined (Adobe Photoshop CS5, ImageJ). Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA and post hoc tests with Bonferroni correction (SPSS 25, p < 0.05). The mean values of total cleaning efficacy were 26.87% for I-2, 43.73% for I-4, 34.93%, for A-2 and 56.78% for A-4. The efficacy was significantly higher for A-4 than for A-2, I-4, and I-2. There were significant differences between the four groups. Repeated cleaning led to an improved result. Within the study limitations, the AirFloss Ultra with four sprays proved to be more efficient than the sulcus brush I-Prox P for cleaning.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PENGENALAN AIR UNTUK ANAK USIA DINI

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Hernawan Hernawan ◽  
Widiastuti Widiastuti ◽  
Aprilia Intan Timur ◽  
Karisdha Pradityana
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
T Test ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Paired T Test

The purpose of this research and development is to produce a model of water recognition for early childhood. The Subject in this research and develompent were students of Ikal I Kindergarten, At-Taubah Islamic Kindergarten, and Raudhatul Athfal Quraini Kindergarten aged 4-7. The Research method used is research and development with Barg and Gall Model. The data collection technique used is the result of expert validation and effectiveness test Through experiments with statistical data analysis paired t-test. The Result of the research and development of water reconition models for early childhood shows that, 1) the model of water recognition for early childhood significantly increasec that intial ability of children in swimming, 2) the result of validation test by swimming experts show that 25 items of model are feasible to be applied in the process of water recognition for early childhood, 3) the fffectiveness model of water recognition for early childhood is shown by the result of the childs pre-test and post-test  obtained t-value 21.67 is greater than t-table and sig (2-tailed)< 0.005 . This means that there is an increise between before and after the treatment. Keyword: Development, Water Introduction, Early Childhood Tujuan penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah untuk menghasilkan model pengenalan air untuk anak usia dini. Subyek dalam penelitian dan pengembangan ini adalah siswa TK I ikal I, TK Islam At-Taubah dan Raudhatul Athfal-Qur’ani yang beumur 4-7 tahun. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan dengan model Barg and Gall. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah hasil validasi pakar dan uji efektivitas melalui eksperimen dengan analisis data statistik paired t-test. Hasil penelitian dan pengembangan model pengenalan air untuk anak usia dini menunjukkan bahwa (1) model peneganalan air untuk anak usia dini signifikan meningkatkan kemampuan awal anak dalam berenang, (2) hasil uji validasi oleh ahli renang menunjukan bahwa 25 item model layak untuk diterapkan dalam proses pengenalan air untuk anak usia dini, (3) keefektifan model pengenalan air ditunjukkan dengan hasil pre-test dan post-test anak diperoleh hasil t-hitung 21.67 lebih besar dari t-tabel, serta Sig (2-tailed) < 0.05 (α). Artinya terdapat peningkatan antara sebelum dan sesudah adanya treatment. Kata kunci: Pengembangan, Pengenalan Air, Anak Usia Dini

Knowledge-Based Decision Support for Diagnosis and Therapy: On the Multiple Usability of Patient Data

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 69-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Haux
Keyword(s):  
Expert Systems ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Patient Data ◽  
Attribute Selection ◽  
Patient Specific ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Inference Mechanism ◽  
Diagnosis And Therapy ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Clinical Registries

Abstract:Expert systems in medicine are frequently restricted to assisting the physician to derive a patient-specific diagnosis and therapy proposal. In many cases, however, there is a clinical need to use these patient data for other purposes as well. The intention of this paper is to show how and to what extent patient data in expert systems can additionally be used to create clinical registries and for statistical data analysis. At first, the pitfalls of goal-oriented mechanisms for the multiple usability of data are shown by means of an example. Then a data acquisition and inference mechanism is proposed, which includes a procedure for controlling selection bias, the so-called knowledge-based attribute selection. The functional view and the architectural view of expert systems suitable for the multiple usability of patient data is outlined in general and then by means of an application example. Finally, the ideas presented are discussed and compared with related approaches.

Market of Insurance in Russia: Major Tendencies and Problems of Development

2006 ◽  
pp. 115-127
Author(s):  
T Natkhov
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Insurance Sector ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Basic Characteristics

The article considers recent tendencies in the development of the market of insurance in Russia. On the basis of statistical data analysis the most urgent problems of the insurance sector are formulated. Basic characteristics of different types of insurance are revealed, and measures on perfection of the insurance institution in the medium term are proposed.

Comparision of two fluoride varnishes for controlling white spot lesions. Randomized clinical trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Alberto Luengo - Fereira
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trial ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
White Spot Lesions ◽  
Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Anterior Teeth ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To compare two fluorinated varnishes for the control of white spot lesions.Material and Methods: A randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 103 active whitespot lesions on permanent upper anterior teeth from 24 patients, aged 7 to 9 years were randomly assigned totwo groups, G1: Duraphat® (n=52) and G2: DuraShield® (n=51). Weekly applications were perform for fourconsecutive weeks. Fifth week the dimension, regression and activity of the lesions were evaluated. Student’sT test, Wilcoxon Ranks and Chi square were used at 5% significance. Results: At the end of the study, the lesion reduction was observed in 69.7%, finding significant differences(p<0.05) in the mean of the initial and final dimensions in general (2.74 mm to 1.91 mm) and in each group, G1(2.84 mm to 2.03 mm), G2 (2.64 mm to 1.78 mm). In the activity of the lesions, it was found in the G1, 12 active and6 inactive lesions; while in G2, there were 14 active and 29 inactive; these differences were significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: The two evaluated products showed similar clinical efficacy in the remineralization of activewhite spot lesions after 4 weeks of therapy.

Visual Merchandising and Customers’ Impulse Buying Behavior: A Case of a Fashion Specialty Store

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hadijah Iberahim ◽  
Nur Amira Zureena Zulkurnain ◽  
Raja Najwa Syamim Raja Ainal Shah ◽  
Siti Quraisyiah Rosli
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Impulse Buying ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Statistical Data Analysis ◽  
Buying Behavior ◽  
Specialty Store ◽  
Research Outcome ◽  
Five Elements ◽  
Visual Merchandising

Visual merchandising is an extremely important element as the first visual cue that affects buying behavior of customers. This study aims to identify determinants of visual merchandising that influence customers’ impulse buying behavior. This study focuses on five elements of visual merchandising which are window display, mannequin display, floor merchandising, promotional signage and lighting. Investigation was conducted at a popular fashion specialty store in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A total of 150 customers' feedback was collected. Results of statistical data analysis show that three out of five visual merchandising elements are important in influencing the customers’ impulse buying behavior. Window display, mannequin display and promotional signage are positively related and identified as determinants of effective visual merchandising for impulse buying decision at the women fashion specialty store. The research outcome extends understanding on the adverse effect of visual merchandising on customers’ behavior.

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