scholarly journals Tenebrio molitor larvae meal inclusion affects hepatic proteome and apoptosis and/or autophagy of three farmed fish species

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleni Mente ◽  
Thomas Bousdras ◽  
Konstantinos Feidantsis ◽  
Nikolas Panteli ◽  
Maria Mastoraki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Protein Abundance ◽  
Liver Protein ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Fish Diets ◽  
European Seabass

AbstractHerein, the effect of dietary inclusion of insect (Tenebrio molitor) meal on hepatic pathways of apoptosis and autophagy in three farmed fish species, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), fed diets at 25%, 50% and 60% insect meal inclusion levels respectively, was investigated. Hepatic proteome was examined by liver protein profiles from the three fish species, obtained by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Although cellular stress was evident in the three teleost species following insect meal, inclusion by T. molitor, D. labrax and O. mykiss suppressed apoptosis through induction of hepatic autophagy, while in S. aurata both cellular procedures were activated. Protein abundance showed that a total of 30, 81 and 74 spots were altered significantly in seabream, European seabass and rainbow trout, respectively. Insect meal inclusion resulted in individual protein abundance changes, with less number of proteins altered in gilthead seabream compared to European seabass and rainbow trout. This is the first study demonstrating that insect meal in fish diets is causing changes in liver protein abundances. However, a species-specific response both in the above mentioned bioindicators, indicates the need to strategically manage fish meal replacement in fish diets per species.

Sealed-Jar Bioassays for Pulpmill Effluent Toxicity: Effects of Fish Species and Temperature

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 1389-1396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael R. Gordon ◽  
Donald J. McLeay
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Test Temperature ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Temperature Acclimation ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Acclimation Temperature ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Oxygen Utilization ◽  
Effluent Toxicity

To standardize the sealed-jar bioassay for optimum sensitivity to whole bleached kraft pulpmill effluent, experiments were designed to assess the effects of test temperature, acclimation temperature, and fish species. Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) conformed to a previously recognized test paradigm by showing progressively decreased oxygen utilization with increasing toxicant concentrations; however, rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) did not. In concentrations of effluent < 1.5 LC50, rainbow trout used significantly more oxygen than control groups, while coho salmon used significantly less oxygen. The sensitivity of these responses was influenced by test temperature and acclimation temperature. Results for coho confirmed that this species was most sensitive to effluent when tested at ambient room temperature. Both species showed significantly decreased oxygen utilization in effluent concentrations > 1.5 LC50 irrespective of test temperature or acclimation temperature. The significance of these responses is discussed, and the applicability of sealed-jar bioassays for assessing the acute toxicity of pulpmill effluents is reviewed. Key words: residual oxygen bioassay, sealed-jar bioassay, pulpmill effluent toxicity, temperature, hyperthermia, respiration, hypoxia, species-specific response

scholarly journals Mediterranean Aquaculture in a Changing Climate: Temperature Effects on Pathogens and Diseases of Three Farmed Fish Species

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1205
Author(s):  
Maria Chiara Cascarano ◽  
Orestis Stavrakidis-Zachou ◽  
Ivona Mladineo ◽  
Kim D. Thompson ◽  
Nikos Papandroulakis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mediterranean Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Fish Welfare ◽  
The Mediterranean

Climate change is expected to have a drastic effect on aquaculture worldwide. As we move forward with the agenda to increase and diversify aquaculture production, rising temperatures will have a progressively relevant impact on fish farming, linked to a multitude of issues associated with fish welfare. Temperature affects the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and has the potential to lead to significant increases in disease outbreaks within aquaculture systems, resulting in severe financial impacts. Significant shifts in future temperature regimes are projected for the Mediterranean Sea. We therefore aim to review and discuss the existing knowledge relating to disease outbreaks in the context of climate change in Mediterranean finfish aquaculture. The objective is to describe the effects of temperature on the physiology of both fish and pathogens, and moreover to list and discuss the principal diseases of the three main fish species farmed in the Mediterranean, namely gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata), European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax), and meagre (Argyrosomus regius). We will attempt to link the pathology of each disease to a specific temperature range, while discussing potential future disease threats associated with the available climate change trends for the Mediterranean Sea.

scholarly journals Development and validation of a combined species SNP array for the European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Peñaloza ◽  
T. Manousaki ◽  
R. Franch ◽  
A. Tsakogiannis ◽  
A. Sonesson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Selection ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Complex Traits ◽  
Selective Breeding ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Snp Array ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
European Seabass ◽  
Wide Range

AbstractSNP arrays are powerful tools for high-resolution studies of the genetic basis of complex traits, facilitating both population genomic and selective breeding research. The European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and the gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) are the two most important fish species for Mediterranean aquaculture. While selective breeding programmes increasingly underpin stocky supply for this industry, genomic selection is not yet widespread. Genomic selection has major potential to expedite genetic gain, in particular for traits practically impossible to measure on selection candidates, such as disease resistance and fillet yield. The aim of our study was to design a combined-species 60K SNP array for both European seabass and gilthead seabream, and to validate its performance on farmed and wild populations from numerous locations throughout the species range. To achieve this, high coverage Illumina whole genome sequencing of pooled samples was performed for 24 populations of European seabass and 27 populations of gilthead seabream. This resulted in a database of ~20 million SNPs per species, which were then filtered to identify high-quality variants and create the final set for the development of the ‘MedFish’ SNP array. The array was then tested by genotyping a subset of the discovery populations and demonstrated a high conversion rate to functioning polymorphic assays on the array (92% in seabass: 89% in seabream) and repeatability (99.4 - 99.7%). The platform interrogates ~30K markers in each fish species, includes features such as SNPs previously shown to be associated with performance traits, and is enriched for SNPs predicted to alter protein function. The array was demonstrated to be effective at detecting population structure across a wide range of fish populations from diverse geographical origins, and to examine the extent of haplotype sharing among Mediterranean fish farms. Therefore, the MedFish array enables efficient and accurate high-throughput genotyping for genome-wide distributed SNPs on each fish species, and will facilitate stock management, population genomics approaches, and acceleration of selective breeding through genomic selection.

scholarly journals The Bromodomain testis-specific gene (Brdt) characterization and expression in gilthead seabream, Sparus aurata, and European seabass, Dicentrarchus labrax

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Úbeda-Manzanaro ◽  
J.B. Ortiz-Delgado ◽  
C. Sarasquete
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Germ Line ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Specific Cell ◽  
European Seabass ◽  
Organ Systems

<p>Multiple genes and transcription factors are involved in regulation and control of the complex process of sex determination and differentiation of fish species. Also more, several hormonal factors and some environmental conditions can also be adequate spawning strategies and stimuli for inducing reproduction of fish species. <em>Brdt</em> gene belongs to the bromodomain-extraterminal domain (BET) family of transcriptional coregulators. In mammals, <em>Brdt</em> gene is almost exclusively expressed in testis. Furthermore, Brdt protein is involved in elongating spermatids, and is required for proper spermatogenesis and male fertility. However, from our understanding of fish species, the role of this gene as key, during gametogenesis, still remains unknown. In this study, two <em>Brdt</em> mRNA transcripts were isolated from two teleostean fish species, gilthead seabream and European seabass. In both species the shorter form lacked a functional C-terminal domain, which may involve a different function as transcriptional regulator. The pattern of <em>Brdt</em> expression showed that the highest levels occurred in the gonads. Significantly lower levels of expression were detected in brain, pituitary and different organ systems (heart, kidney, gills, among other somatic tissues) from both studied species. <em>In situ</em> hybridization approach evidenced that <em>Brdt</em> mRNA expression was restricted to specific cell-types of the germ line, during both oogenesis and spermatogenesis processes.</p>

scholarly journals Protein and arginine requirements for maintenance and nitrogen gain in four teleosts

2002 ◽  
Vol 87 (5) ◽  
pp. 459-469 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Fournier ◽  
M. F. Gouillou-Coustans ◽  
R. Métailler ◽  
C. Vachot ◽  
M. J. Guedes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Dicentrarchus Labrax ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
European Seabass ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Psetta Maxima

Besides being an indispensable amino acid for protein synthesis, arginine (Arg) is also involved in a number of other physiological functions. Available data on the quantitative requirement for Arg in different teleosts appear to show much variability. So far, there are very limited data on the maintenance requirements of indispensable amino acids (IAA) in fish. In the present study, we compared N and Arg requirements for maintenance and growth of four finfish species: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), turbot (Psetta maxima), gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Groups of fish having an initial body weight close to 5–7 g were fed semi-purified diets containing graded levels of N (0 to 8 % DM) and Arg (0 to 3 % DM) over 4 to 6 weeks. For each species, N and Arg requirements for maintenance and for growth were calculated regressing daily N gain against daily N or Arg intakes. N requirement for maintenance was estimated to be 37·8, 127·3, 84·7 and 45·1 mg/kg metabolic body weight per d and 2·3, 2·2, 2·6 and 2·5 g for 1 g N accretion, in rainbow trout, turbot, gilthead seabream and European seabass respectively. The four species studied appear to have very low or no dietary Arg requirements for maintenance. Arg requirement for g N accretion was calculated to be 0·86 g in rainbow trout and between 1·04–1·11 g in the three marine species. Turbot required more N for maintenance than the other three species, possibly explaining its reputedly high overall dietary protein requirement. Data suggest a small but sufficient endogenous Arg synthesis to maintain whole body N balance and differences between freshwater and marine species as regards Arg requirement. It is worth verifying this tendency with other IAA.

scholarly journals Effects of Full Replacement of Dietary Fishmeal with Insect Meal from Tenebrio Molitor on Rainbow Trout Gut and Skin Microbiota.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genciana Terova ◽  
Elisabetta Gini ◽  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Federico Moroni ◽  
Micaela Antonini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Gut Mucosa

Abstract Background: Aquaculture must continue to reduce dependence on fishmeal (FM) and oil in feeds to ensure sustainable sector growth. Therefore, the use of novel aquaculture feed ingredients is growing. In this regard, insects can represent a new world of sustainable and protein-rich ingredients for farmed fish feeds. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of full replacement of FM with Tenebrio molitor (TM) larvae meal in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on fish growth performance and gut and skin microbiota. Methods: A feeding trial was conducted with trout of about 80 g mean initial weight that were fed for 22 weeks with two isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic extruded experimental diets. Partially defatted TM meal was included in the diets to replace 0% (TM 0) and 100% (TM 100) of FM. To analyse the microbial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and Qiime pipeline were used to identify bacteria in the gut and skin mucosa, and in the diets. Results: The data showed no major effects of full FM substitution with TM meal on bacterial species richness and diversity in both, gut mucosa- and skin mucus-associated microbiome. Skin microbiome was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria and especially by Gammaproteobacteria class that constituted approximately half of the bacterial taxa found. The two dietary fish groups did not display distinctive features, except for a decrease in the relative abundance of Deefgea genus (family Neisseriaceae) in trout fed with insect meal. The metagenomic analysis of the gut mucosa indicated that Tenericutes was the most abundant phylum, regardless of the diet. Specifically, within this phylum, the Mollicutes, mainly represented by Mycoplasmataceae family, were the dominant class. However, we observed only a weak dietary modulation of intestinal bacterial communities. The only changes due to full FM replacement with TM meal were a decreased number of Proteobacteria and a reduced number of taxa assigned to Ruminococcaceae and Neisseriaceae families. Conclusions: the data demonstrated that TM larvae meal is a valid alternative animal protein to replace FM in the aquafeeds. Only slight gut and skin microbiota changes occurred in rainbow trout after total FM replacement with insect meal. The mapping of the trout skin microbiota represents a novel contribution of the present study. Indeed, in contrast to the increasing knowledge on gut microbiota, the skin microbiota of major farmed fish species remains largely unmapped but it deserves thorough consideration.

Radiometric Analysis of Farmed Fish (Sea Bass, Gilthead Bream, and Rainbow Trout) from Tenerife Island, Spain

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1941-1947 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. JALILI ◽  
M. LÓPEZ-PÉREZ ◽  
L. KARLSSON ◽  
F. HERNÁNDEZ ◽  
C. RUBIO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sea Bass ◽  
Average Concentration ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Radiometric Analysis ◽  
Fish Samples

This study analyzed the content of gamma-emitting radionuclides in fish farmed on the island of Tenerife (Canary Islands, Spain). The fish species included in this study were sea bass, gilthead bream, and rainbow trout. The first two species are produced in offshore enclosures, while the third is produced in a freshwater fish farm. All measurements were performed using two high-purity germanium gamma-ray detectors. The content of gamma-emitting radionuclides in the fodder used to feed the different species of farmed fish studied was also determined. The following nuclides were often detected in the analyzed samples: 137Cs, 40K, 235U, 228Ac, 214Bi, 208Tl, 212Pb, and 214Pb. As a complement to this analysis, 210Po concentrations in two fish samples were determined by alpha spectrometry. The nuclide presenting the highest concentration was, as expected, the naturally occurring 40K, with an average concentration of 0.13 ± 0.01 Bq/g (wet weight) (Bq/gww) in gilthead bream and sea bass and 0.12 ± 0.01 Bq/gww in rainbow trout. The 235U concentrations determined in the same fish species were 0.6 ± 0.5, 0.8 ± 0.7, and 1.6 ± 1.0 mBq/gww, respectively. This nuclide is seldom reported in fish samples. The concentrations of 137Cs (the only artificial nuclide determined in this study) in gilthead bream and sea bass were 0.026 ± 0.006 and 0.044 ± 0.01 mBq/gww, respectively. In addition to the radiometric analysis, the contribution of the analyzed nuclides to the effective dose from the mean daily intake of the fish was calculated. The calculated contribution, in terms of dose per person, produced by intake of the analyzed fish was 0.8 μSv/year. This value does not represent a significant risk to the local population.

scholarly journals Effects of full replacement of dietary fishmeal with insect meal from Tenebrio molitor on rainbow trout gut and skin microbiota

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genciana Terova ◽  
Elisabetta Gini ◽  
Laura Gasco ◽  
Federico Moroni ◽  
Micaela Antonini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Skin Microbiota ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Skin Mucus ◽  
Gut Mucosa

Abstract Background Aquaculture must continue to reduce dependence on fishmeal (FM) and fishoil in feeds to ensure sustainable sector growth. Therefore, the use of novel aquaculture feed ingredients is growing. In this regard, insects can represent a new world of sustainable and protein-rich ingredients for farmed fish feeds. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of full replacement of FM with Tenebrio molitor (TM) larvae meal in the diet of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) on fish gut and skin microbiota. Methods A feeding trial was conducted with 126 trout of about 80 g mean initial weight that were fed for 22 weeks with two isonitrogenous, isolipidic, and isoenergetic extruded experimental diets. Partially defatted TM meal was included in one of the diets to replace 100% (TM 100) of FM, whereas the other diet (TM 0) was without TM. To analyse the microbial communities, the Illumina MiSeq platform for sequencing of 16S rRNA gene and Qiime pipeline were used to identify bacteria in the gut and skin mucosa, and in the diets. Results The data showed no major effects of full FM substitution with TM meal on bacterial species richness and diversity in both, gut mucosa- and skin mucus-associated microbiome. Skin microbiome was dominated by phylum Proteobacteria and especially by Gammaproteobacteria class that constituted approximately half of the bacterial taxa found. The two dietary fish groups did not display distinctive features, except for a decrease in the relative abundance of Deefgea genus (family Neisseriaceae) in trout fed with insect meal. The metagenomic analysis of the gut mucosa indicated that Tenericutes was the most abundant phylum, regardless of the diet. Specifically, within this phylum, the Mollicutes, mainly represented by Mycoplasmataceae family, were the dominant class. However, we observed only a weak dietary modulation of intestinal bacterial communities. The only changes due to full FM replacement with TM meal were a decreased number of Proteobacteria and a reduced number of taxa assigned to Ruminococcaceae and Neisseriaceae families. Conclusions The data demonstrated that TM larvae meal is a valid alternative animal protein to replace FM in the aquafeeds. Only slight gut and skin microbiota changes occurred in rainbow trout after total FM replacement with insect meal. The mapping of the trout skin microbiota represents a novel contribution of the present study. Indeed, in contrast to the increasing knowledge on gut microbiota, the skin microbiota of major farmed fish species remains largely unmapped but it deserves thorough consideration.

scholarly journals Graded Incorporation of Defatted Yellow Mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Diet Improves Growth Performance and Nutrient Retention

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Rema ◽  
Subramanian Saravanan ◽  
Benjamin Armenjon ◽  
Constant Motte ◽  
Jorge Dias
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Tenebrio Molitor ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Yellow Mealworm ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss

Insects are emerging as a sustainable alternative to fishmeal and fish oil in aquafeeds. This study assessed the effect of graded incorporation levels of defatted yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) protein meal on juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth performance, body composition, and apparent nutrient digestibility. The trial comprised five dietary treatments: control diet with 25% fishmeal, and four experimental diets with yellow mealworm protein meal at 5%, 7.5%, 15%, or 25%, which corresponded to a fishmeal replacement of 20%, 30%, 60%, or 100%, respectively. After 90 days, the graded incorporation of insect protein meal led to a significant stepwise increase in final body weight, and a significant improvement of specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protein efficiency ratio compared to the control treatment. Regardless of the incorporation level, the insect protein meal had no effects on fish whole-body composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of dry matter, protein, fat, phosphorus, and energy. Protein, phosphorus, and energy retention significantly increased in fish fed the diets with an insect protein meal. In conclusion, the yellow mealworm protein meal could effectively replace 100% of fishmeal in the diet of juvenile rainbow trout with positive effects on its overall zootechnical performance.

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