scholarly journals Structure-guided development of Pb2+-binding DNA aptamers

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hehua Liu ◽  
Yanqing Gao ◽  
Johnsi Mathivanan ◽  
Fusheng Shen ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Activity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Dna Aptamers ◽  
Cd Spectra ◽  
Rational Development ◽  
G Quadruplex ◽  
The World ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

AbstractOwing to its great threat to human health and environment, Pb2+ pollution has been recognized as a major public problem by the World Health Organization (WHO). Many DNA aptamers have been utilized in the development of Pb2+-detection sensors, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we report three Pb2+-complexed structures of the thrombin binding aptamer (TBA). These high-resolution crystal structures showed that TBA forms intramolecular G-quadruplex and Pb2+ is bound by the two G-tetrads in the center. Compared to K+-stabilized G-quadruplexes, the coordinating distance between Pb2+ and the G-tetrads are much shorter. The T3T4 and T12T13 linkers play important roles in dimerization and crystallization of TBA, but they are changeable for Pb2+-binding. In combination with mutagenesis and CD spectra, the G8C mutant structure unraveled that the T7G8T9 linker of TBA is also variable. In addition to expansion of the Pb2+-binding aptamer sequences, our study also set up one great example for quick and rational development of other aptamers with similar or optimized binding activity.

Current Problems in the World Health Organization's Program

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles S. Ascher
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
International Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Health Assembly ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
First World

The International Health Conference, convened by the United Nations in New York in the summer of 1946, adopted a Constitution for a World Health Organization. It set up an Interim Commission of persons designated by eighteen named states to prepare for the First World Health Assembly and to carry on tasks inherited from previous international organizations. Unexpected delays in ratifications of the Constitution obliged the Interim Commission to operate for two years. WHO has thus been free to shape its destiny only from the time of the First World Health Assembly in the summer of 1948; it began its work formally as of September 1, 1948. The activities from 1946 to 1948 were largely determined by heritages from earner organizations; these, indeed, dominated the first program of WHO. The intervening three years have witnessed new trends, which some observers applaud and others view with doubt, if not alarm. It may be fruitful at this time to record some of these trends, to note the pressures which caused them and their implications for WHO's program and work-plan.

scholarly journals COVID-19-ASSOCIATED IMMUNE THROMBOCYTOPENIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Mara-Andrada Plesu ◽  
◽  
Gabriel Cristian Bejan ◽  
Ioana Veronica Grajdeanu ◽  
Anca Angela Simionescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
World Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Hematological Changes

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a contagious respiratory tract infection caused by the betacoronavirus SARS-CoV-2. The World Health Organization declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic on March 11, 2020. Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, more than 166 million patients have been tested positive worldwide with more than 3.4 million related death recorded. COVID-19 has a wide range of signs and symptoms. Hematological changes such as lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and coagulation disturbances are not unusual in patients with COVID-19. However, the mechanisms causing these changes are partially comprehended. Immune thrombocytopenia was identified to be among the hematologic autoimmune diseases seen in patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. This review summarizes the evidence on COVID-19-associated immune thrombocytopenia and the underlying mechanisms involved in its development.

scholarly journals Online Learning: A Panacea in the Time of COVID-19 Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shivangi Dhawan
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Online Teaching ◽  
World Health ◽  
Academic Institutions ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Methods Of Learning ◽  
Teaching Learning

Educational institutions (schools, colleges, and universities) in India are currently based only on traditional methods of learning, that is, they follow the traditional set up of face-to-face lectures in a classroom. Although many academic units have also started blended learning, still a lot of them are stuck with old procedures. The sudden outbreak of a deadly disease called Covid-19 caused by a Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) shook the entire world. The World Health Organization declared it as a pandemic. This situation challenged the education system across the world and forced educators to shift to an online mode of teaching overnight. Many academic institutions that were earlier reluctant to change their traditional pedagogical approach had no option but to shift entirely to online teaching–learning. The article includes the importance of online learning and Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, & Challenges (SWOC) analysis of e-learning modes in the time of crisis. This article also put some light on the growth of EdTech Start-ups during the time of pandemic and natural disasters and includes suggestions for academic institutions of how to deal with challenges associated with online learning.

A Study on Educational Transformation through Evolution of Online Learning in the times of COVID-19 in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-178
Author(s):  
Jyoti Tandon
Keyword(s):  
Online Learning ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
World Health ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Learning Modes ◽  
The Times ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

Educational institutions (schools, colleges, and universities) in India have always followed traditional modes of teaching and learning wherein the teachers impart the lectures and the students undertake the instructions and guidance in a face-to-face medium. But, with the advent of covid-19, educational institutions in India were left with no choice but to switch to online mediums for imparting instructions. The sudden outbreak of Covid-19 impacted the entire world in an unparalleled manner and had put us all to witness a never seen before deadly virus Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) that shook us all. World Health Organization recognized the devastating effects of Covid and declared it as a global pandemic. One of the major challenges faced by the institutions around the world was in continuing learning in traditional set-up; thus the educators around the world shifted to online modes of teaching and learning. This article incorporates the learning and significance of e-learning and Strengths, Weaknesses, and Opportunities of e-learning modes in the wake of a crisis situation. This article also additionally puts some light on the challenges faced by the institution with reference to imparting education through online learning modes.

Mechanisms of Boron Removal with Electrocoagulation

2006 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Qian Jiang ◽  
Y. Xu ◽  
K. Quill ◽  
J. Simon ◽  
K. Shettle
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
World Health Organization ◽  
Solubility Product ◽  
Boron Concentration ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
World Health ◽  
Boron Removal ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

Environmental Context. Various environmental regulation organizations have set up standards or guidelines to regulate the boron concentration in drinking water, as a result of concern for human and animal health. In 2004, the World Health Organization Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality recommended boron values of no more than 0.5 mg L–1 in drinking water. Preliminary studies on boron removal with electrocoagulation have been carried out. However, in order to enhance boron removal using this method, and to meet the stringent guidelines set in place by the World Health Organization, there is a need to obtain a better understanding of how boron is removed from water by electrocoagulation. Abstract. This study aims to explore the mechanisms of boron removal by electrocoagulation (EC). The results demonstrate that adsorption and precipitation of boron by Al flocs are dominant mechanisms in boron removal using EC. The Al flocs that result from the EC process are found to be mainly composed of polymeric Al13 polymers (43%) and to have a long-lasting positive charge. These characteristics of the flocs contribute to the high levels of boron removal observed using EC. The maximum boron adsorption of the Al flocs is 200 mg g–1 and the solubility product constant (Ksp), which represents the boron precipitate Al(OH)2BO2·nH2O, is 2.6 × 10−40 (at 20°C).

scholarly journals Overview of Acrylamide Monitoring Databases

2005 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 246-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Lineback ◽  
Thomas Wenzl ◽  
Ole P Ostermann ◽  
Beatriz de la Calle ◽  
Elke Anklam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Food Chain ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
World Health ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Web

Abstract Since high acrylamide levels in carbohydrate-rich food were reported in 2002, many research activities were started in order to gain knowledge on occurrence, formation, and prevention of this compound in food products. Among them, monitoring programs were conducted in many countries worldwide by official bodies as well as by the food industry. National and international bodies set up monitoring databases. In 2003, both the European Commission and the World Health Organization posted calls for data and placed their spreadsheets for the submission of data on the Web. The goal of the databases is to collect data for a reliable estimation of the exposure of consumers to acrylamide via the food chain. This paper describes the assessment of the data quality and outlines the composition of the data in the 2 databases, to date.

scholarly journals Development of the pharmaceutical practice: an alternative to recovery from the crisis of the Algerian pharmacy

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
Abdellatif Keddad ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
World Health ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Cost Of Drugs ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Requirements ◽  
Pharmaceutical Practice

Pharmaceutical practice around the world has much changed. It progressed from simple delivery of medicines with advice during the last decade to a more active role including notions of responsibility for results of engaged therapies and the delivery of services. The world health organization (WHO), along with the International Pharmaceutical Federation (IPF), made a study of this problem in order to set up orientations that may allow the health ally professional who is the pharmacist, to better answer the care requirements of the population and better control the cost of drugs. In Algeria, where the pharmacist outcome is essentially indexed on the commercial margin, the issue is more specific. In fact, through a progressive reduction of the purchasing power of the pharmacists since 1998, the commercial activity has largely replaced the activity linked to public health, calling into question the utility of the dispensary pharmacist as a health actor in society. It would appear to be necessary, in the light of the Classification of the Activities for the pharmaceutical practice, established by the WHO and the IPF in 2006, entitled “Enlargement of the pharmaceutical practice”, to pave the ground for the pharmacy profile of tomorrow in Algeria. This pharmacy will allow to better serve the population’s health. This approach is illustrated with the Jordanian and the Swiss examples. This includes the optimization of the resources for health ally professionals by establishing a performance-related remuneration (PRR). This may allow the creation of a project that may precise the role and missions of the pharmacist in order to maintain the quality of life of the patient in the context of a multidisciplinary approach. This article is largely inspired by a working document intended to be released and tried on the ground and revised.

scholarly journals Good Practices in Mental Health

1989 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-192
Author(s):  
Judy Renshaw
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Services ◽  
Health Services ◽  
World Health ◽  
World Federation ◽  
Good Practices ◽  
Good Mental Health ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

Good Practices in Mental Health (GPMH) is a national charity set up to disseminate information about local mental health services which are found to work well. Its general aim is to promote and assist the development of good mental health services. By providing an exchange of information about effective services in both hospitals and the community, GPMH encourages others to build on what is already proving successful. GPMH developed from a survey of mental health in big cities carried out by the International Hospital Federation (IHF) and was set up in 1977 with the support of the IHF, MIND and the King's Fund. It has the backing of all the major professional organisations concerned with mental health in the United Kingdom, the World Health Organization and the World Federation for Mental Health internationally. It is now funded mainly by the DHSS; some funding comes from the London Boroughs Grants Committee and charitable sources. There are three units within the organisation: information, development and evaluation.

Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief Coordination Program of the World Health Organization (Pan American Health Organization, PAHO)

1985 ◽  
Vol 1 (S1) ◽  
pp. 300-301
Author(s):  
Claude De Ville de Goyet
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Disaster Relief ◽  
Health Agency ◽  
World Health ◽  
Regional Office ◽  
The World ◽  
Pan American ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Health Organization

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has two components: (1) The Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASB), founded in 1902, serves as the health agency affiliated with the Organization of the American States (OAS); in 1947, the PASB became the Regional office of the World Health Organization for the Americas. (2) The Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief Coordination office.In October 1976, the Directing Council of PAHO, “anxious that the international assistance given to countries affected by natural disasters should be better coordinated, rational, and more effective”, requested that the Director set up a “disaster unit with instructions to define the policy of the Organization, to formulate a plan of action for the various types of disasters, to make an inventory of the human and other resources available, to train the necessary personnel, to prepare and disseminate the appropriate guidelines and manuals, and to promote operational research.” In March 1977, a permanent office for Emergency Preparedness and Disaster Relief Coordination was established at PAHO Headquarters in Washington, D.C.

World Health Organization

1962 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-241 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organization ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
World Health ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
The World ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many ◽  
Health Organization

The fourteenth session of the Assembly of the World Health Organization (WHO) was held in New Delhi from February 7 through 24, 1961. In his address the President of the Assembly, Dr. Arcot Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar, stated that among the many international organizations set up by the UN, WHO occupied a foremost place in its efforts to improve the conditions of millions of people in all parts of the globe. Dr. Mudaliar pointed to the contributions of the WHO regional offices in bringing the work of the organization more directly into contact with the countries concerned. WHO had achieved its most spectacular successes in programs designed not merely to control but to eradicate diseases of which the causative organisms were well known and with respect to which effective steps could be taken—in this regard Dr. Mudaliar mentioned the malaria eradication campaign. Other diseases of a communicable nature—smallpox, cholera, several of the water-borne diseases, and many others carried by insects—could hopefully lend themselves to similar eradication programs. Dr. Mudaliar also referred to the work of WHO in areas of the world stricken by natural or man-made disaster, and in particular to the organization's emergency work in the Republic of the Congo (Leopoldville). As for the future tasks of WHO, the President of the Assembly observed that although tuberculosis had been one of the four diseases that had been given priority by the first WHO Assembly, much still remained to be done to control it; the results of domiciliary treatment carried out in the city of Madras, India, he continued, gave some promise of success in the control and treatment of the disease. Dr. Mudaliar also singled out leprosy as a disease the organization should try to eradicate, and mentioned the problems of mental illness stemming from the stress and strain of modern society as being worthy of attention.

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