scholarly journals Implication of O2 dynamics for both N2O and CH4 emissions from soil during biological soil disinfestation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Wang ◽  
Xuehong Ma ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Guitong Li ◽  
Kun Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Hypoxic Area ◽  
Hypoxic Fraction ◽  
Biological Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Straw Incorporation

AbstractSoil O2 dynamics have significant influences on greenhouse gas emissions during soil management practice. In this study, we deployed O2-specific planar optodes to visualize spatiotemporal distribution of O2 in soils treated with biological soil disinfestation (BSD). This study aimed to reveal the role of anoxia development on emissions of N2O and CH4 from soil amended with crop residues during BSD period. The incorporation of crop residues includes wheat straw only, wheat straw with biochar and early straw incorporation. The anoxia in soil developed very fast within 3 days, while the O2 in headspace decreased much slower and it became anaerobic after 5 days, which was significantly affected by straw and biochar additions. The N2O emissions were positively correlated with soil hypoxic fraction. The CH4 emissions were not significant until the anoxia dominated in both soil and headspace. The co-application of biochar with straw delayed the anoxia development and extended the hypoxic area in soil, resulting in lower emissions of N2O and CH4. Those results highlight that the soil O2 dynamic was the key variable triggering the N2O and CH4 productions. Therefore, detailed information of soil O2 availability could be highly beneficial for optimizing the strategies of organic amendments incorporation in the BSD technique.

Role of organic acids in the mechanisms of biological soil disinfestation (BSD)

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 247-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki Momma ◽  
Kazuhiro Yamamoto ◽  
Peter Simandi ◽  
Masahiro Shishido
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
Biological Soil Disinfestation

scholarly journals Fluctuation of Fusarium distribution in soil and the role of the forecrop in the control of Fusarium wilt of flax

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-315
Author(s):  
H. Zarzycka
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Leguminous Plants ◽  
Soil Disinfestation ◽  
As Species ◽  
Biological Soil Disinfestation

The influence of crop rotation and wheather conditions on the <i>Fusarium</i> population in soil and on <i>Fusarium</i> wilt of flax was examined in the Institute of Native Natural Fibres in 1968-1975. The experiments were carried out in various regions of flax planting in Poland during 8 years. Crop rotation had a significant influence on the process of biological soil disinfestation. <i>Fusarium</i> population in soil increased after planting flax, wheat, barley and sugar-beet, and decreased or did not change after rape, hemp, potato and leguminous plants. The crop rotation significantly influenced the composition of the <i>Fusarium</i> population as far as species are concerned. The highest wilt infection of flax was found in plantings after flax, sugarbeet and wheat and the weakest in plantings after rape. A six-year crop rotation was sufficient to eliminate the wilt pathogen from infested soil. But on flax-sick soil the process of biological disinfestation proceeded more slowly and a seven-year interval between flax crops was too short.

The role of organic amendments in soil reclamation: A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis J. Larney ◽  
Denis A. Angers
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
Organic Amendments ◽  
Paper Mill ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Waste Products

Larney, F. J. and Angers, D. A. 2012. The role of organic amendments in soil reclamation: A review. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 19–38. A basic tenet of sustainable soil management is that current human activities are not detrimental to future generations. Soils are degraded by natural events (erosion) or industrial activity. A prevalent feature of degraded or disturbed soils is lack of organic matter compared with adjacent undisturbed areas. Organic amendments, such as livestock manure, biosolids, pulp and paper mill by-products, wood residuals and crop residues, are produced in abundance in Canada and could be widely used in soil reclamation. Biosolids production is ∼0.5 Tg yr−1(dry wt.); paper mill sludge generated in the province of Quebec was ∼2 Tg (wet wt.) in 2002. This review paper examines mechanisms through which organic amendments affect soil properties (physical, chemical, biological) and describes the role of organic amendments in reclamation, with emphasis on amendment types and application rates for soil amelioration and biomass production. Single large applications of organic amendments can accelerate initial reclamation and lead to self-sustaining net primary productivity. Readily decomposable organic amendments may provide immediate, but transient, effects, whereas stable, less decomposable materials may provide longer-lasting effects. Using organic amendments for reclamation is mutually beneficial wherein waste products from agriculture, forestry and urban areas help other sectors meet their land reclamation goals.

Artificial intelligence and the management transformation

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 600-612
Author(s):  
L.F. Nikulin ◽  
V.V. Velikorossov ◽  
S.A. Filin ◽  
A.B. Lanchakov
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Process Integration ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Scientific School ◽  
Strategic Culture ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
And Training

Subject. The article discusses how management transforms as artificial intelligence gets more important in governance, production and social life. Objectives. We identify and substantiate trends in management transformation as artificial intelligence evolves and gets more important in governance, production and social life. The article also provides our suggestions for management and training of managers dealing with artificial intelligence. Methods. The study employs methods of logic research, analysis and synthesis through the systems and creative approach, methodology of technological waves. Results. We analyzed the scope of management as is and found that threats and global challenges escalate due to the advent of artificial intelligence. We provide the rationale for recognizing the strategic culture as the self-organizing system of business process integration. We suggest and substantiate the concept of soft power with reference to strategic culture, which should be raised, inter alia, through the scientific school of conflict studies. We give our recommendations on how management and training of managers should be improved in dealing with artificial intelligence as it evolves. The novelty hereof is that we trace trends in management transformation as the role of artificial intelligence evolves and growth in governance, production and social life. Conclusions and Relevance. Generic solutions are not very effective for the Russian management practice during the transition to the sixth and seventh waves of innovation. Any programming product represents artificial intelligence, which simulates a personality very well, though unable to substitute a manager in motivating, governing and interacting with people.

scholarly journals Role of laccase as an enzymatic pretreatment method to improve lignocellulosic saccharification

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 2251-2259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy Heap ◽  
Anthony Green ◽  
David Brown ◽  
Bart van Dongen ◽  
Nicholas Turner
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Enzymatic Pretreatment ◽  
Pretreatment Method ◽  
Alkaline Peroxide

The saccharification of wheat straw was improved when an incubation step was performed withTrametes versicolorlaccase (TvL) and the mediator 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (1-HBT) prior to an alkaline peroxide extraction (APE).

EFFECT OF WHEAT STRAW INCORPORATION ON DENITRIFICATION OF N UNDER ANAEROBIC AND AEROBIC CONDITIONS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 825-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. AULAKH ◽  
D. A. RENNIE
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Water Saturation ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Key Words Denitrification ◽  
Straw Incorporation ◽  
Water Saturated

The effects of wheat straw incorporation on denitrification, immobilization of N, and C mineralization were investigated at H2O contents of 60, 90 and 120% saturation. Incorporation of increasing levels of straw consistently increased the rate of denitrification for the first 4–8 d, followed by negligible N losses thereafter. In a total period of 96 d, the addition of 1.0% straw increased N losses from 2.5 to 10.1, and from 61.6 to 83.9 μg g−1 in the 60 and 120% water saturation treatments, respectively. The pattern of CO2-C evolved was practically identical to that of the denitrification rate for the initial period when sufficient [Formula: see text] was present. This study has confirmed that in flooded soils, high rates of denitrification will persist only when C is supplied by native or applied organic C sources, provided adequate [Formula: see text] is present. When [Formula: see text] was low, denitrification rates rapidly decreased, even with a sufficient supply of C. Immobilization of fertilizer N (50 μg N g−1 as K15NO3) was very rapid. Around 90% of the total immobilization of applied N occurred within 4 d. Incorporation of 1.0% straw increased the immobilization of fertilizer N from 8.4 to 42.8, and from 1.0 to 7.6% in the 60 and 120% water-saturated treatments, respectively. Remineralization of recently immobilized fertilizer N was observed after 32 d in the 60% saturation treatments only. Key words: Denitrification, wheat straw, mineralization of N

Mulches and Nitrogen Application Improves Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-13
Author(s):  
Hakoomat Ali ◽  
Asad Abbas ◽  
Shabir Hussain ◽  
Shoukat Ali Abid ◽  
Shazia Khaliq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

Cotton is an important cash crop and source of foreign exchange. Nitrogen is a critical nutrient for plant growth throughout the life span of the crop. Wheat straw mulch not only source of nitrogen supply but also improves soil fertility and reduces soil erosion. The current study was performed to investigate the effects of mulches and nitrogen application on cotton productivity and fiber quality at the Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan. Two crop residues i.e. wheat straw and non wheat straw were used in main plots while nitrogen levels viz. 0,50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 were randomized in subplots. The highest seed cotton yield (22.99 t ha-1) was obtained by the combination of nitrogen fertilizer application highest level (150 kg N ha-1) along with the wheat straw (20.27 t ha-1). The fiber quality was also affected by the wheat straw along with nitrogen application 150 kg N ha-1 and gave maximum results. In conclusion, wheat straw along with 150 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen application gave maximum results on cotton production as compared to non straw with low nitrogen application.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document