scholarly journals Hand preference for the visual and auditory modalities in humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuqian Yang ◽  
Peter H. Weiss ◽  
Gereon R. Fink ◽  
Qi Chen
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Dominance Effect ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Hand Dominance ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Auditory Responses ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sensory Dominance

AbstractThe sensory dominance effect refers to the phenomenon that one sensory modality more frequently receives preferential processing (and eventually dominates consciousness and behavior) over and above other modalities. On the other hand, hand dominance is an innate aspect of the human motor system. To investigate how the sensory dominance effect interacts with hand dominance, we applied the adapted Colavita paradigm and recruited a large cohort of healthy right-handed participants (n = 119). While the visual dominance effect in bimodal trials was observed for the whole group (n = 119), about half of the right-handers (48%) showed a visual preference, i.e., their dominant hand effect manifested in responding to the visual stimuli. By contrast, 39% of the right-handers exhibited an auditory preference, i.e., the dominant hand effect occurred for the auditory responses. The remaining participants (13%) did not show any dominant hand preference for either visual or auditory responses. For the first time, the current behavioral data revealed that human beings possess a characteristic and persistent preferential link between different sensory modalities and the dominant vs. non-dominant hand. Whenever this preferential link between the sensory and the motor system was adopted, one dominance effect peaks upon the other dominance effect’s best performance.

Fellow Creatures

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Korsgaard
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Moral Standing ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Good For ◽  
Treat All ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

This book argues that we are obligated to treat all sentient animals as “ends in themselves.” Drawing on a theory of the good derived from Aristotle, it offers an explanation of why animals are the sorts of beings who have a good. Drawing on a revised version of Kant’s argument for the value of humanity, it argues that rationality commits us to claiming the standing of ends in ourselves in two senses. As autonomous beings, we claim to be ends in ourselves when we claim the standing to make laws for ourselves and each other. As beings who have a good, we also claim to be ends in ourselves when we take the things that are good for us to be good absolutely and so worthy of pursuit. The first claim commits us to joining with other autonomous beings in relations of reciprocal moral lawmaking. The second claim commits us to treating the good of every sentient animal as something of absolute importance. The book also argues that human beings are not more important than, superior to, or better off than the other animals. It criticizes the “marginal cases” argument and advances a view of moral standing as attaching to the atemporal subjects of lives. It offers a non-utilitarian account of the relationship between the good and pleasure, and addresses questions about the badness of extinction and about whether we have the right to eat animals, experiment on them, make them work for us, and keep them as pets.

Screwdriver torque strength and physiological cost of muscles dependent on hand preference and direction of rotation

1998 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Helmut Strasser ◽  
Baoquiu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hand Preference ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Muscle Forces ◽  
Maximum Torque ◽  
Physiological Cost ◽  
Nondominant Hand ◽  
Physiological Differences ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
The Right

The focus of this research was to investigate how maximum torque and muscle forces were affected by pronation and supination, i.e., inward and outward rotation of the forearm in a series of screwdriver tests with 6 varied handles. Consecutively, maximum torque for pronation and supination was determined, submaximum isometric levels of torque were demanded, and, finally, an equal dynamic screwing work for all subjects was simulated. Physiological cost of performance was simultaneously measured by registrations of electromyographic activities (EA) from 4 muscles, which were expected to be involved intensively in screwing tasks. Significant and essential differences between maximum torque values produced by pronation and supination of the right and the left arm of the mainly right-handed subjects were found. For clockwise work, as it is necessary e.g., for driving in screws, inward rotations (pronations) of the nondominant hand are at least as strong as outward rotations of the dominant hand. Differences of about 8% favour of pronations were found. Yet, for counter clockwise work involved e.g., in removing a tightened screw, inward rotations of the dominant hand yielded a much more stronger torque strength than outward rotations of the nondominant hand. Differences of more than 50% right-handed subjects were measured. Also, EA values of the 4 muscles monitored on the right arm differed significantly. Systematically operational and physiological differences due to the varied screwdriver grips, as results of investigations which were not the main objective of the study, corresponded well with the findings of prior studies.

scholarly journals Under Darwin’s Cosh? Neo-Aristotelian Thinking in Environmental Ethics

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 22-23
Author(s):  
Michael Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Ethics ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Moral Status ◽  
General Position ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Individual Human

As a first shot, one might say that environmental ethics is concerned distinctively with the moral relations that exist between, on the one hand, human beings and, on the other, the non-human natural environment. But this really is only a first shot. For example, one might be inclined to think that at least some components of the non-human natural environment (non-human animals, plants, species, forests, rivers, ecosystems, or whatever) have independent moral status, that is, are morally considerable in their own right, rather than being of moral interest only to the extent that they contribute to human well-being. If so, then one might be moved to claim that ethical matters involving the environment are best cashed out in terms of the dutes and responsibilities that human beings have to such components. If, however, one is inclined to deny independent moral status to the non-human natural environment or to any of its components, then one might be moved to claim that the ethical matters in question are exhaustively delineated by those moral relations existing between individual human beings, or between groups of human beings, in which the non-human natural environment figures. One key task for the environmental ethicist is to sort out which, if either, of these perspectives is the right one to adopt—as a general position or within particular contexts. I guess I don’t need to tell you that things get pretty complicated pretty quickly.

scholarly journals II Rapporto sullo stato di attuazione della Legge 40/2004 recante “Norme in materia di procreazione medicalmente assistita” anche in confronto con le altre nazioni europee (aprile 2009)

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Casini
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Present Report ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Medically Assisted Reproduction ◽  
Italian Law ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Right

Il contributo propone all’attenzione il II Rapporto sull’applicazione della legge italiana in materia di “procreazione medicalmente assistita” (PMA) (Legge 40/2004), elaborato nell’aprile 2009 all’indomani della quarta relazione ministeriale del 25 marzo 2009 sullo stesso tema. La particolarità del presente Rapporto consiste nell’indagare su uno dei due obiettivi della legge 40/2004: tutelare il diritto alla vita del concepito. Infatti, mentre è alta la concentrazione sull’obiettivo di “superare la sterilità e la infertilità”, lo scopo di difendere il diritto alla vita del concepito considerato dalla stessa legge “soggetto” al pari degli altri soggetti coinvolti nelle procedure di PMA, è troppo spesso dimenticato. Il Rapporto vuole proprio rimediare a tale dimenticanza e si chiede: di quanti nuovi esseri umani è stata evitata la distruzione per effetto della legge? Poiché, come si legge nel contributo, è chiaro che le tecniche di PMA per il fatto stesso di procreare “in vitro” espongono alla morte gli embrioni anche quando vengono trasferiti nelle vie genitali della donna (ed è questa, infatti, una delle principali riserve etiche nei confronti delle tecniche di PMA), l’indagine si occupa solo di vedere come è stato tutelato il diritto alla vita degli embrioni non trasferiti, cioè non destinati alla nascita, dalla Legge 40/2004. Emerge che l’effetto più benefico della legge è quello di aver evitato nel solo triennio 2005-2006-2007 la possibile formazione soprannumeraria di embrioni e la conseguente possibile distruzione, diretta o dovuta alla crioconservazione, di oltre 120.000 embrioni. La seconda parte della ricerca è condotta confrontando anche i dati di altri Paesi europei e dimostra che il rispetto dei limiti posti a tutela del diritto alla vita hanno anche garantito meglio la salute della donna e non hanno diminuito la percentuale del “successo”. Come è noto la recente sentenza n. 151/2009 della Corte Costituzionale ha gravemente compromesso la legge proprio nel punto di maggiore sensibilità nei confronti della tutela concreta del diritto alla vita del concepito. L’auspicio è che i dati raccolti in questo II rapporto vengano comunque presi in seria considerazione. ---------- The contribution proposes the II Report of April 2009 on the application of the Italian Law on “medically assisted reproduction” (PMA) (Law 40/2004). The peculiarity of the present Report consists of investigating one of the two purposes of the Law 40/2004: to protect the right to life of newborns. In fact, if, on one hand, attention to the purpose of “overcoming sterility and infertility” the Law considers, on the other hand the purpose of defending the right to life of newborn, that is considered as “subject” just like the others subjects involved in PMA procedures from the same law, is too often forgotten. The Report intends to remedy for this forgetfulness and it asks: how many new human beings have been saved thanks to the Law? It makes clear that the most beneficent effect of the Law is that, in the period 2005-2007, it has avoided the possible production of excess embryos and the consequent possible suppression – direct or due to the cryoconservation – of over 120.000 embryos. The second part of the search is conducted also comparing data of other European Countries and it shows that the respect of the imposed limits for protecting the right to life has also guaranteed the woman’s health and it has not reduced the outcome percentage.

scholarly journals Interlimb Transfer of Grasp Orientation is Asymmetrical

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 1805-1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Frak ◽  
D. Bourbonnais ◽  
I. Croteau ◽  
H. Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Motor System ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Hand Movements ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Contact Points ◽  
Contralateral Hand ◽  
Human Motor ◽  
The Right

One the most fundamental aspects of the human motor system is the hemispheric asymmetry seen in behavioral specialization. Hemispheric dominance can be inferred by a contralateral hand preference in grasping. Few studies have considered grasp orientation in the context of manual lateralization and none has looked at grasp orientation with natural prehension. Thirty right-handed adults performed precision grasps of a cylinder using the thumb and index fingers, and the opposition axis (OA) was defined as the line connecting these two contact points on the cylinder. Subjects made ten consecutive grasps with one hand (primary hand movements) followed by ten grasps with the other hand (trailing movements). Differences between primary and trailing grasps revealed that each hemisphere is capable of programming the orientation of the OA and that primary movements with the right hand significantly influenced OA orientation of the trailing left hand. These results extend the hemispheric dominance of the left hemisphere to the final positions of fingers during prehension.

scholarly journals The Occurrence of Ipsilateral or Contralateral Foot Disorders and Hand Dominance

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uyen-Sa D. T. Nguyen ◽  
Alyssa B. Dufour ◽  
Rock G. Positano ◽  
Joshua S. Dines ◽  
Christopher C. Dodson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Hand Preference ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
Hand Dominance ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Tailor’S Bunion ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Foot Disorder ◽  
Forefoot Disorders

Background: To our knowledge, hand dominance and side of foot disorders has not been described in the literature. We sought to evaluate whether hand dominance was associated with ipsilateral foot disorders in community-dwelling older men and women. Methods: Data were from the Framingham Foot Study (N = 2,089, examined 2002–2008). Hand preference for writing was used to classify hand dominance. Foot disorders and side of disorders were based on validated foot examination findings. Generalized linear models with generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals, accounting for intraperson variability. Results: Left-handed people were less likely to have foot pain or any foot disorders ipsilateral but were more likely to have hallux valgus ipsilateral to the left hand. Among right-handed people, the following statistically significant increased odds of having an ipsilateral versus contralateral foot disorder were seen: 30% for Morton’s neuroma, 18% for hammer toes, 21% for lesser toe deformity, and a twofold increased odds of any foot disorder; there was a 17% decreased odds for Tailor’s bunion and an 11% decreased odds for pes cavus. Conclusions: For the 2,089 study participants, certain forefoot disorders were shown to be ipsilateral and others were contralateral to the dominant hand. Future studies should examine whether the same biological mechanism that explains ipsilateral hand and foot preference may explain ipsilateral hand dominance and forefoot disorders. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 103(1): 16–23, 2013)

scholarly journals Theoretical Links Between Natural Sciences Teaching and Human Rights: Proposals for a Humane Formation Perspective

2020 ◽  
pp. 975-999
Author(s):  
Hanslivian Correia Cruz Bonfim ◽  
Orliney Maciel Guimarães
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Early Years ◽  
The Other ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Humane Education ◽  
The Right

In this theoretical article, we discuss the ways of articulating Human Rights and the teaching of Natural Sciences in the early years of elementary school, in a perspective focused on the humane education. The theoretical basis for further discussion of the proposed subject matter was carried out through bibliographic research, having as sources: books, scientific articles and official documents. From this research, we proposed some topics that are related to human rights and are possible to be articulated with the contents of Natural Sciences developed in the early years. We consider that these topics need to be based on structuring axes that will base the pedagogical work of the teachers, so that they have as purpose the humane education of the students. These axes are: to become aware of the recognition of social, cultural and economic differences; to recognize oneself as a citizen with rights and to respect the right of the other; to plan and develop inclusive practices; to value the interrelationship between human beings and natural environments. We consider that the pedagogical work aimed at this perspective needs to be based on a dialogical and participatory methodology, with an emphasis on a humane and socially responsible education.

scholarly journals PERAN PENDIDIK DALAM PENERAPAN INTERNET SEHAT MENURUT ISLAM

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Ahmad Saefulloh
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
The World ◽  
Special Approach ◽  
The Right ◽  
Snowball Sampling Technique

Internet is a contemporary solution to keep people connected to the outside world. A lot of experience will be gained from something you never knew before. Everyone is entitled to the right science because the demand for science is long live education, the other term is life for science. Through the internet a person's ability to reach distant places in just a few seconds, so fast as to make the world already in the grip. The presence of the Internet creates its own contradictions, on one hand its presence produces many positive sides, one of the benefits is there is an opportunity to access new knowledge and can work to be meaningful to fellow human beings around the world. But on the other hand the internet also has a negative impact, because it damages morale and development in children in particular. The Internet provides a free opportunity to explore with privacy, raising the question of whether the exploration is on the right track or on a deviant course. This study used descriptive qualitative method with phenomenalogy analysis involving several family members. Data collection through snowball sampling technique to get saturated data. The result of the research in this journal is that the internet in its use can be controlled through parent's mentoring, special approach with certain tricks and steps, and educators and parents also need to know internet usage, so that children activities can be controlled well

scholarly journals PERUBAHAN PARADIGMA KEILMUAN IAIN MENUJU UIN AR-RANIRY

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Syamsul Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Basic Problem ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Right ◽  
New Millennium

Islamic education Institution, which is an integrated part of Nationaleducation system, also faces the globalization phenomenon. So it isexpected to prepare for it. On the other hand, the basic problem facedby the Islamic education Institution is that the paradigm of Islamicknowledge itself, in which Islamic knowledge and general knowledgeare two different things. Originally, Islam does not recognize thesplit knowledge, all in more applicative ways. For example, theefforts of some Islamic Higher Education Institutions toward Islamicuniversity. The idea of Islamic University introduced by knowledgewhich is useful for human beings are to be considered important.In this new millennium, the idea of integrating knowledge becomesincreasingly popular Islamic scholars in Indonesia is the right choicein facing the globalization era.

EVALUATION OF THE RADIATION DOSE TO THE HANDS OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGEONS DURING FLUOROSCOPY USING STORED IMAGES

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
Carlo Giordano ◽  
Ivo Monica ◽  
Fabrizio Quattrini ◽  
Elena Villaggi ◽  
Rossana Gobbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Absorbed Dose ◽  
The Other ◽  
Dominant Hand ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Dose Limit ◽  
Annual Dose ◽  
Radiation Beam ◽  
Orthopaedic Surgeons ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
The Right

Abstract Data were collected from 642 orthopaedic interventions during which the images produced by X-rays were recorded. By examining these images, it is possible to determine the time that the orthopaedic surgeons’ hands were exposed to the direct radiation beam. The procedures with greater exposure to the direct beam were those involving the hand (median 15 s) and the wrist (median 13 s). Two surgeons wore a ring to measure the absorbed dose at the fingers: one on the dominant hand and the other on the non-dominant hand. The two surgeons performed 34 and 48 operations, respectively, in 14 months. The total doses measured with the rings were 2.30 and 1.04 mSv, respectively. The images of the interventions were examined, determining how much each individual hand was exposed. The interventional reference point (IRPeff (left or right)) was calculated by comparing the doses at the IRP with the exposure times of the right or the left hand. Summing the IRPeff of the two surgeons in 14 months, it is obtained the maximum values of 2.87 mGy for the left hand of one and 6.74 mGy for the right hand of the other, which are of the order of 1/100 of the annual dose limit for the extremities.

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