scholarly journals Effects of 1.5 and 4.3 GHz microwave radiation on cognitive function and hippocampal tissue structure in Wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruiqing Zhu ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Xinping Xu ◽  
Li Zhao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Single Frequency ◽  
Hippocampal Tissue ◽  
Radiation Group ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task ◽  
Group 10

AbstractPrevious studies have shown that single-frequency microwave radiation can lead to cognitive decline in rats. However, few studies have focused on the combined effects of irradiation with different frequencies of microwaves. Our research aimed to investigate the effects of 1.5 GHz and 4.3 GHz microwave radiation, singly and in combination, on cognitive function and hippocampal tissue structure in rats. A total of 140 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: the S group (sham radiation group), L10 group (10 mW/cm2 1.5 GHz group), C10 group (10 mW/cm2 4.3 GHz band group) and LC10 group (10 mW/cm2 1.5 and 4.3 GHz multi-frequency radiation group). For 1–28 days after microwave radiation, we analyzed the average escape latency for the Morris water maze task, electroencephalograms, change in hippocampal tissue structure and ultrastructure, content of the Nissl body in the hippocampus, and activities of lactate dehydrogenase and succinate dehydrogenase. Compared to the S group, all exposure groups showed varying degrees of learning and memory decline and hippocampal structural damage. The results showed that 1.5 GHz and 4.3 GHz microwave radiation was able to induce cognitive impairment and hippocampal tissue damage in rats and combined radiation with both frequencies caused more serious injuries, but none of these damaging effects varied with microwave frequency.

Schisandrae chinensis Extract Repaired Microwave Induced Hepatic Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 915-916 ◽  
pp. 954-957
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Yv Lian Liu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Peng Yan Ji ◽  
Dong Hai Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Western Blotting ◽  
Liver Tissue ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Radiation Group ◽  
Histological Results

To investigate the influence of Schisandrae Chinensis Extract on hepatic injury of rats with microwave. Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (control group, microwave radiation group and schisandrae chinensis extract prevention group). Then the rats of schisandrae chinensis extract prevention group were supplyed individually with schisandrae chinensis extract for 5 days before the microwave radiation. After that, the morphology of the livers was observed using HE staining, and the expressions of t-JNK1/2 and p-JNK1/2 were analyzed by western-blotting in the rats. The histological results showed the pathological injury in the liver tissue was improved in all schisandrae chinensis extract prevention groups, and a significant increase of p-JNK1/2 was observed in liver cells after treatment with 200mW/cm2 microwave for 24 h. It also show that pretreated with schisandrae chinensis extract could inhibit the phosphorylation of JNK1/2. These results suggested that schisandrae chinensis extract could obviously lessened the hepatic injury induced by microwave.

scholarly journals The apoptotic effect and the plausible mechanism of microwave radiation on rat myocardial cells

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (8) ◽  
pp. 849-857
Author(s):  
Wenhe Zhu ◽  
Yan Cui ◽  
Xianmin Feng ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Cardiovascular System ◽  
Microwave Radiation ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Microwave Treatment ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Myocardial Cells ◽  
Apoptotic Effect

Microwaves may exert adverse biological effects on the cardiovascular system at the integrated system and cellular levels. However, the mechanism underlying such effects remains poorly understood. Here, we report a previously uncharacterized mechanism through which microwaves damage myocardial cells. Rats were treated with 2450 MHz microwave radiation at 50, 100, 150, or 200 mW/cm2 for 6 min. Microwave treatment significantly enhanced the levels of various enzymes in serum. In addition, it increased the malondialdehyde content while decreasing the levels of antioxidative stress enzymes, activities of enzyme complexes I–IV, and ATP in myocardial tissues. Notably, irradiated myocardial cells exhibited structural damage and underwent apoptosis. Furthermore, Western blot analysis revealed significant changes in expression levels of proteins involved in oxidative stress regulation and apoptotic signaling pathways, indicating that microwave irradiation could induce myocardial cell apoptosis by interfering with oxidative stress and cardiac energy metabolism. Our findings provide useful insights into the mechanism of microwave-induced damage to the cardiovascular system.

Cyclosporin A causes impairment of the ventral prostate tissue structure of Wistar rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1262-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
KM Freitas ◽  
JC Monteiro ◽  
MLM Gomes ◽  
SR Taboga ◽  
H Dolder
Keyword(s):  
Cyclosporin A ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Prostate Tissue ◽  
Tissue Structure ◽  
Ventral Prostate

Abstract WP266: Deficiency of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 Causes Deterioration of Cognitive Function

Stroke ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Iwanami ◽  
Masaki Mogi ◽  
Xiao-Li Wang ◽  
Kana Tsukuda ◽  
Akinori Higaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Maze Task ◽  
Receptor Mrna ◽  
Impaired Cognitive Function ◽  
Mas Receptor ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Receptor Mrna Level

Introduction: The classical renin-angiotensin system (RAS), known as the angiotensin (Ang) converting enzyme (ACE)/Ang II/Ang II type 1 (AT1) receptor axis, induces various organ damage including cognitive decline. On the other hand, the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis has been highlighted as exerting antagonistic actions against the classical RAS axis in the cardiovascular system. However, the roles of the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in cognitive function largely remain to be elucidated, and we therefore examined possible roles of ACE2 in cognitive function. Methods: Male 10-week-old C57BL6 (wild-type: WT) mice and ACE2 knockout (KO) mice were subjected to the Morris water maze task to evaluate spatial cognitive function. Vascular dementia model were induced by bilateral common carotid artery stenosis (BCAS). The Morris water maze task was performed 6 weeks after BCAS operation. Results: ACE2KO mice exhibited significant impairment of spatial cognitive function, compared with that in WT mice, without significant difference in cerebral blood flow determined by laser speckle flowmetry and morphological changes in the hippocampus between both strains. Superoxide anion production in the hippocampus tended to be increased in ACE2KO mice, with increased mRNA levels of NADPH oxidase subunit in the hippocampus of ACE2KO compared with WT mice. Protein level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) 3 tended to be decreased in ACE2KO mice compared with WT mice. AT1 receptor mRNA level in the hippocampus was higher in ACE2KO mice compared with WT mice. In contrast, AT2 receptor mRNA level in the hippocampus did not differ between the two strains. Mas receptor mRNA was highly expressed in the hippocampus compared with the cortex, with no significant difference between ACE2KO and WT mice. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA was lower in the hippocampus in ACE2KO mice compared with WT mice. Escape latency after BCAS was prolonged in WT mice compared with sham operated mice, whereas impaired cognitive function in ACE2 KO mice was not further exaggerated after BCAS. Conclusion: Taken together ACE2 deficiency resulted in impaired cognitive function probably due to enhanced oxidative stress and a decrease in BDNF.

scholarly journals Repeated moderate-dose ethanol bouts impair cognitive function in Wistar rats

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Kuzmin ◽  
Sture Liljequist ◽  
Jennifer Meis ◽  
Vladimir Chefer ◽  
Toni Shippenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Moderate Dose

scholarly journals ENHANCING COGNITIVE FUNCTION OF HEALTHY WISTAR RATS WITH AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF Centella asiatica

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Ayeshah A Rosdah ◽  
Evi Lusiana ◽  
Muhammad Reagan ◽  
Abdurrahman Akib ◽  
Fadhila Khairunnisa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Centella Asiatica ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Object ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Acetylcholine Content ◽  
High Preference ◽  
Brain Acetylcholine

Background: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb is a native herb from Asian countries such as India, China, and Indonesia. This herb has been widely used as a cure for various diseases. However, studies investigating the aqueous extract of Centella asiatica as a nootropic in healthy individuals are still very limited.Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential of aqueous extract of Centella asiatica in enhancing cognitive function of healthy male Wistar rats.Methods: Rats were randomly allocated to four treatment groups, i.e. without treatment and aqueous Centella asiatica extract at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. To determine enhancement of cognitive function, novel object recognition (NOR) test was conducted after the course of treatment. Acetylcholine content was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: There was a significantly high preference index towards the novel object in the NOR test in groups treated with 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of the aqueous extract compared to control. This was further confirmed by a significant increase of brain acetylcholine content in rats treated with 200 mg/kg of the extract.Conclusion: Therefore, this study confirms that the aqueous extract is effective in enhancing cognitive performance of healthy Wistar rats.

scholarly journals Single Mild Traumatic Brain Injury Induces Persistent Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier, Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Hypertensive Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (13) ◽  
pp. 3223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolett Szarka ◽  
Luca Toth ◽  
Andras Czigler ◽  
Zoltan Kellermayer ◽  
Zoltan Ungvari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Brain Trauma ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Hypertensive Rats ◽  
Mild Tbi

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) induces blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, which contributes to secondary injury of brain tissue and development of chronic cognitive decline. However, single mild (m)TBI, the most frequent form of brain trauma disrupts the BBB only transiently. We hypothesized, that co-morbid conditions exacerbate persistent BBB disruption after mTBI leading to long term cognitive dysfunction. Since hypertension is the most important cerebrovascular risk factor in populations prone to mild brain trauma, we induced mTBI in normotensive Wistar and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and we assessed BBB permeability, extravasation of blood-borne substances, neuroinflammation and cognitive function two weeks after trauma. We found that mTBI induced a significant BBB disruption two weeks after trauma in SHRs but not in normotensive Wistar rats, which was associated with a significant accumulation of fibrin and increased neuronal expression of inflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 in the cortex and hippocampus. SHRs showed impaired learning and memory two weeks after mild TBI, whereas cognitive function of normotensive Wistar rats remained intact. Future studies should establish the mechanisms through which hypertension and mild TBI interact to promote persistent BBB disruption, neuroinflammation and cognitive decline to provide neuroprotection and improve cognitive function in patients with mTBI.

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