scholarly journals Subsoil-potassium depletion accounts for the nutrient budget in high-potassium agricultural soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian A. Correndo ◽  
Gerardo Rubio ◽  
Fernando O. García ◽  
Ignacio A. Ciampitti
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Sulfur Fertilizers ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
K Depletion

AbstractContinuous potassium (K) removal without replenishment is progressively mining Argentinean soils. Our goals were to evaluate the sensitivity of soil-K to K budgets, quantify soil-K changes over time along the soil profile, and identify soil variables that regulate soil-K depletion. Four on-farm trials under two crop rotations including maize, wheat and soybean were evaluated. Three treatments were compared: (1) control (no fertilizer applied); (2) application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur fertilizers -NPS-; and (3) pristine condition. After nine years, crops removed from 258 to 556 kg K ha−1. Only two sites showed a decline in the exchangeable-K levels at 0–20 cm but unrelated to K budget. Topsoil exchangeable-K levels under agriculture resulted 48% lower than their pristine conditions, although still above response levels. Both soil exchangeable-K and slowly-exchangeable K vertical distribution patterns (0–100 cm) displayed substantial depletion relative to pristine conditions, mainly concentrated at subsoil (20–100 cm), with 55–83% for exchangeable-K, and 74–95% for slowly-exchangeable-K. Higher pristine levels of exchangeable-K and slowly-exchangeable-K and lower clay and silt contents resulted in higher soil-K depletion. Soil K management guidelines should consider both topsoil and subsoil nutrient status and variables related to soil K buffer capacity.

The forms of potassium and potassium adsorption in some virgin soils from south-western Australia

Soil Research ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Pal ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
M. T. F. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Clay Mineralogy ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
The North ◽  
Southern District

This investigation was undertaken to determine the potassium (K) status and adsorption behaviour of 227 samples from horizons of 41 representative virgin soil profiles, extending from Geraldton in the north to the Great Southern district of Western Australia. X-ray diffraction analysis of random powder of whole soil indicated that quartz is the dominant mineral and some soils contain significant amounts of feldspars. Clay mineralogy is dominated by kaolinite but minor quantities of illite are present in some soils. Most south-west Australian agricultural soils contain little available K: NaHCO3-extractable K (NaHCO3-K, median value 0·09 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 35 mg K/kg soil), HNO3-extractable K (HNO3-K, median value 0·30 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 117 mg K/kg soil), and total K (XRF determined K, median value, 17 cmol K/kg, equivalent to 6630 mg K/kg soil). The proportion of water-soluble K (H2O-K) ranges from 0 to 3·5% of total K, 0 to 76% of HNO3-K, and 0 to nearly 100% of exchangeable K. Exchangeable K ranges from 0 to 100% (median value 37%) of HNO3-K. These are relatively high proportions of H2O-K and exchangeable K compared with soils from many other parts of the world. The amounts of all forms of K variously increase or decrease downwards in the soil profile depending on both clay content and mineralogy. The commonly assumed increase in K with clay content alone is invalid. The soils mostly have low-to-moderate values of K sorption capacity, ranging from 5% to 67% (median value 14%) of added K (initially 4·1 mM K/L, equivalent to 4·1 cmol K/kg). otassium sorption isotherms conform well to the Freundlich equation. The inability of the Langmuir equation to describe the data may indicate that there are several types of K sorption sites in these soils. The Gapon coefficient KG varied widely from 0·04 to 29·8 (L/mol) ½ [median value 5·4 (L/mol) ½ ].

Climate Defined but Not Soil-restricted: The Distribution of a Neotropical tree through Space and Time

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Facundo Alvarez ◽  
Paulo S Morandi ◽  
Ben Hur Marimon-Junior ◽  
Reginal Exavier ◽  
Igor Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Environmental Variables ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Distribution Models ◽  
Climatic Fluctuations ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Predictive Variables ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Neotropical Tree ◽  
Edaphic Variables

Abstract AimsBrosimum rubescens, a tree species with a Neotropical distribution, can achieve local monodominance in Southern Amazonia forests. Understanding how and why this species varies across space and time is important because the monodominance of some species alters ecosystems complexity. Here we evaluate the fundamental ecological niche of B. rubescens by species distribution models (SDM), combining predictive environmental variables with occurrence points. We specifically aim to 1) determine how the spatial distribution patterns of B. rubescens vary with different environmental predictive variables, and 2) evaluate the temporal and spatial persistence of B. rubescens in the Neotropics. MethodsTo generate the SDMs, the predictive environmental variables were incorporated as main components of climatic, hydric and soil variables. ResultsAll algorithms show higher performance in spatial predictions for hydric variables and for the combination of climatic, hydric and edaphic variables. We identified that the potential niches of B. rubescens seem to be defined by climatic fluctuations, with the edaphic conditions being predictive variables that are not restrictive of their presence on the evaluated spatial scale. From the LMG (Last Glacial Maximum) to the present, the species seems to have increased its spatial amplitude; however, from the present to the future, predictions suggest that B. rubescens will experience a considerable loss of its range. ConclusionsOur findings show the independent and combined effects of different environmental variables, allowing us to identify which limit or facilitate the spatial distribution of B. rubescens. We corroborate the spatial persistence and geographical fidelity of the species' spatial patterns over time.

Fertility Status of Selected Agricultural Soils Along Major Roads in Nasarawa Eggon and Doma Areas of Nasarawa State, North Central, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Onwuka ◽  
J. M. Nwaedozie ◽  
E. H. Kwon – Dung ◽  
P. T. Terna
Keyword(s):  
Plant Uptake ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
High Rate

Soil nutrient status determines its crop productivity and provide basis for appropriate soil management. The soil samples which spread across the agricultural farms along major roads in Nasarawa Eggon and Doma areas of Nasarawa State, Nigeria; were analyzed for both physical and chemical properties. Most of the studied Nasarawa Eggon and Doma soils were extremely acidic. Textural class showed high sand content (>80) of the investigated soils, indicating possible high rate of water infiltration in these soils which will lead to their low water holding capacity. The organic carbon (OC) contents in both locations, were rated high as it varied from 1.50 to 1.85 %, whereas total nitrogen (TN) levels ranged from 0.07 to 0.21 % in the studied soils. The levels of available P, Ca, K and Mg were inadequate for satisfactory plant growth, considering their respective critical level established for Nigerian soils. Mineral analysis showed the presence of essential elements such as S, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Cu, Ni, Co, Mo and Zn. Beneficial/functional elements such as Ti, V, Rb and Sr, were found in significant quantities in the investigated soils of both studied areas. Thus, Potential K and Ca deficiency could be greatly compensated by Rb and Sr uptake. The quantities of non – beneficial elements such as Sn, Sb, Te, Cs, Ba and Sc were significant in soils from Nasarawa Eggon but were insignificant in Doma soils. Thus, this study revealed that nutrient content of the soil differs from the nutrient availability for plant uptake and the fertility of investigated soils in both locations depended on the soil pH and textural class. Also, the conditions of the soils at both studied locations, are unfavourable for plant uptake of certain important nutrients and could lead to low crop yields if there is no effective nutrient and soil management.

scholarly journals Nontuberculous Mycobacteria in Guadeloupe, Martinique, and French Guiana from 1994 to 2012

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Streit ◽  
Julie Millet ◽  
Nalin Rastogi
Keyword(s):  
French Guiana ◽  
Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ◽  
Clinical Specimen ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Geographical Variations ◽  
Common Group ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Changes Over Time

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous environmental organisms able to cause severe opportunistic human infections. Their distribution patterns are subject to geographical variations. This study describes their isolation frequencies from clinical specimen in the three French overseas departments of the Americas, namely, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and French Guiana during 1994–2012. A total of 651 strains from as many patients (one isolate per species per patient) were analysed regarding regional isolation patterns and potential pattern changes over time. TheMycobacterium aviumcomplex was the most common group of NTM in Guadeloupe and French Guiana. In Martinique it was the second most common after the rapidly growing mycobacteria.M. fortuitumwas the most commonly isolated species in all three departments. Some species (M. kansasii,M. xenopi, andM. terraecomplex) displayed a clear regional preference. Furthermore a change in isolation frequency was observed forM. intracellulare(increase) andM. kansasii(decrease) in Guadeloupe. In conclusion, marked regional differences in isolation frequencies of NTM species were observed in the study area. Results are discussed in context of variables such as study populations, risk factors, methodology employed, isolation from pulmonary versus sterile isolation sites (blood, urine, and CSF), and in vitro drug-susceptibility patterns.

scholarly journals Fertility Influence of the U.S. Midwestern Soils on Yellow Shoulder Disorder in Processing Tomatoes

HortScience ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1468-1472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alba A. Clivati McIntyre ◽  
David M. Francis ◽  
Timothy K. Hartz ◽  
Christopher Gunter
Keyword(s):  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Available P ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Color Uniformity ◽  
Soil Available P

The economics of processing tomato production are driven by soluble solids content, viscosity, color, and color uniformity of the fruit. Ripening disorders that affect color are a major limitation to the economic success of processing whole-peel and diced products. The causes of ripening disorders are not completely understood, although it is clear that soil nutritional status, weather, plant genetics, and interactions among these variables are important factors. We sampled both soil and fruit from fields in Michigan, Ohio, and Indiana and were able to correlate soil fertility properties and fruit color. The correlation between soil properties and fruit color was different for fine- and coarse-textured soils. Fine-textured soils presented more frequent, but weaker, correlations with absolute color and within-fruit color differences when compared with coarse-textured soils. For fine-textured soils, exchangeable K correlated with a measure of within-fruit variation, L* difference (L*diff; r = −0.21, P < 0.01). Other measurements of K nutrition, K·Mg−½ ratio, Kact, and K%CEC, all correlated to the same extent (r = −0.29, P < 0.01). The highest correlations were identified between soil-available P and L* (r = −0.33, P < 0.01) and L*diff (r = −0.31, P < 0.01). In coarse-textured soils, exchangeable K correlated with L* (r = −0.373, P < 0.05), b* (r = −0.49, P < 0.01) and Hue° (r = −0.37, P < 0.05). K·Mg−½ ratio and Kact yielded higher correlation coefficients with absolute color measurements when compared with fine-textured soils. Soil-available P was correlated with L* (r = −0.375, P < 0.05), a* (r = 0.49, P < 0.01), Hue° (r = −0.46, P < 0.01), and C* (r = 0.40, P < 0.01). For coarse soils, K·Mg−½ ratio, Kact, and available P were important properties when the color of tomato fruit is of value. In all cases, higher exchangeable K and P nutrient status had a positive correlation with fruit color. Our sampling could not detect interactions among weather, genetics, and soil, and further work will be necessary to clearly describe the role of interactions in determining fruit quality in tomatoes.

scholarly journals Soil Nutritional Status of Tea Plantations in Plains of Sub Himalayan West Bengal, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246
Author(s):  
Mainak Mukherjee ◽  
Sourav Chakraborty ◽  
Sahadeb Sarkar ◽  
Sumedha Saha ◽  
Soumya Majumder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
West Bengal ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Tea Plantations ◽  
Almost All

Tea is the most consumed beverages after water. In Terai and Dooars region of sub Himalayan West Bengal, India, tea plantations are around 150 years. Exploitation of tea garden soil over centuries has led to decline in soil fertility and crop productivity after all initiatives of external inputs. As nutrients play a crucial role in quality and quantity of manufactured tea, the present initiative has been designed to quantify the soil nutrient status of tea growing Terai and Dooars region. 79.62% (Terai) and 84.72% (Dooars) of the soil samples were found to have normal pH. 47.21% (Terai) and 49.3% (Dooars) of soil samples was found to have normal organic carbon. 12.03% and 20.82% of soil from Terai and Dooars showed low total nitrogen. Both the organic carbon and nitrogen in soil are positively correlated. Phosphorus (as P2O5) content of soil is extremely site and depth specific. Almost all samples of the study area showed high potassium (as K2O) content. Monoculture, change in rainfall pattern and inorganic additives have contributed enormous stress to soil but despite of all these odds the overall nutritional richness of these tea growing regions seems to be satisfactory.

Soil factors affecting the availability of potassium to plants for Western Australian soils: a glasshouse study

Soil Research ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Pal ◽  
R. J. Gilkes ◽  
M. T. F. Wong
Keyword(s):  
Clay Minerals ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
K Uptake ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Exchangeable K ◽  
Weathering Processes ◽  
K Depletion

A glasshouse experiment was conducted with 41 surface and 8 subsurface soils to measure their potassium (K) supply capacities and K depletion of soils by ryegrass growth for 260 days and harvesting at ~40-day intervals. Dry matter yield ranged from 0.22 g to 25.4 g/kg soil, cumulative K uptake ranged from 0.006 to 1.49 cmol/kg soil, and values of K concentration (%) in the first cut herbage ranged from 0.40% to 5.97%. Some of the light-textured soils were so impoverished in K that symptoms of K deficiency appeared during the first growth period. Water-soluble K + exchangeable K accounted for 43–100% of cumulative K uptake by the ryegrass. Multiple regression analysis indicated that 68% of the variation in dry matter yield and 90% of the variation in K uptake may be predicted by the exchangeable K content of these soils. The 6 harvests of ryegrass extracted only 0.21–12.07% of total K from these soils, which was not sufficient to cause discernible mineralogical changes in most soils. For some soils vermiculite was formed at the expense of illite/mica by K release to plants. For soils containing vermiculite but no other K-bearing clay minerals, vermiculite peaks broadened on K depletion by plants. Major proportions of total K in these soils are present in silicate minerals, yet only minor amounts are released to plants by very slow weathering processes. For soils that do not contain any K bearing clay minerals, very minor amounts of feldspar may have dissolved to release K.

Potassium availability in ash-modified biochar and its impact on plant growth

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jannis Grafmüller ◽  
Nikolas Hagemann ◽  
Hans-Peter Schmidt ◽  
Nicolaus Dahmen
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Wood Ash ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Biomass Pyrolysis ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Pyrogenic Carbon ◽  
Modified Biochar

&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;Biochar is the solid carbonaceous product of biomass pyrolysis and is suggested as a viable tool to improve soil properties and to buil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;d&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; up terrestrial carbon sinks. Since biochar is usually poor in nutrients, it needs to be enriched with nutrients before being applied to agricultural soils. Recently, the production of biochar from biomass with added wood ash has been proposed as a novel strategy. Among other elements, wood ashes are rich in potassium, an important macronutrient for plants. Compared to the direct application of pure wood ash, rapid nutrient leaching may be avoided by incorporating the ash into the pyrogenic carbon. In addition, alk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;ali and alkaline&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; earth metals in the wood ash promote the formation of the solid product during biomass pyrolysis. However, it is necessary to find out to what extent the potassium in the ash-modified biochar is available for plants when introduced into the soil. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Based on a greenhouse trial, we investigated the potassium fertilisation effect of ash-modified biochars (2 t&amp;#183;ha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span&gt;) compared to a pure mineral fertilisation and the application of wood ash to the soil. Therefore, softwood sawdust mixed with different concentrations of wood ash was pyrolyzed at 500 &amp;#176;C resulting in ash contents between 2 and 70 wt% in the biochars. Content&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; of trace elements and organic pollutants (PAH, PCDD/F and PCB) w&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;ere&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; mostly below the limits of the European Biochar Certificate. Based on CaCl&lt;/span&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span&gt;(0.01 M) extractions, between 6 and 10 % of the total potassium content in the ash-modified biochars was plant-available. For a greenhouse experiment, sunflower (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Helianthus annuus, Santa Fe variety&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;) was chosen because of its high potassium demand. A lack of potassium in the different treatments is expected to result in reduced plant growth and deficiency symptoms on the leaves. All treatments were fully fertili&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;ed, while mineral K was (partially) replaced by ash-modified biochar or wood ash according to the available potassium content of these additives. The evaluation of the fresh and dry biomass yields, as well as other plant vitality parameters, will show whether the potassium in the ash-modified biochars can replace mineral potassium fertiliser and/or whether ash-modified biochar can promote plant growth beyond a nutrient effect. Our results will determine if and how the use of wood ash in biochar production is a viable way to close nutrient cycles, reduce&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; the use of mineral potassium fertiliser in agriculture and at the same time promote&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;s&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; pyrogenic carbon capture and storage. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

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