scholarly journals The umami receptor T1R1–T1R3 heterodimer is rarely formed in chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Yoshida ◽  
Fuminori Kawabata ◽  
Shotaro Nishimura ◽  
Shoji Tabata
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Sensory Cells ◽  
Feeding Behaviors ◽  
Taste System ◽  
Second Messenger Signaling ◽  
Taste Bud Cells

AbstractThe characterization of molecular mechanisms underlying the taste-sensing system of chickens will add to our understanding of their feeding behaviors in poultry farming. In the mammalian taste system, the heterodimer of taste receptor type 1 members 1/3 (T1R1/T1R3) functions as an umami (amino acid) taste receptor. Here, we analyzed the expression patterns of T1R1 and T1R3 in the taste cells of chickens, labeled by the molecular markers for chicken taste buds (vimentin and α-gustducin). We observed that α-gustducin was expressed in some of the chicken T1R3-positive taste bud cells but rarely expressed in the T1R1-positive and T2R7-positive taste bud cells. These results raise the possibility that there is another second messenger signaling system in chicken taste sensory cells. We also observed that T1R3 and α-gustducin were expressed mostly in the vimentin-positive taste bud cells, whereas T1R1 and bitter taste receptor (i.e., taste receptor type 2 member 7, T2R7) were expressed largely in the vimentin-negative taste bud cells in chickens. In addition, we observed that T1R1 and T1R3 were co-expressed in about 5% of chickens' taste bud cells, which express T1R1 or T1R3. These results suggest that the heterodimer of T1R1 and T1R3 is rarely formed in chickens’ taste bud cells, and they provide comparative insights into the expressional regulation of taste receptors in the taste bud cells of vertebrates.

Taste information derived from T1R-expressing taste cells in mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 473 (5) ◽  
pp. 525-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryusuke Yoshida ◽  
Yuzo Ninomiya
Keyword(s):  
Taste Receptor ◽  
G Protein Coupled Receptors ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Taste System ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Behavioural Avoidance ◽  
Taste Cells ◽  
G Protein Coupled ◽  
Taste Bud Cells

The taste system of animals is used to detect valuable nutrients and harmful compounds in foods. In humans and mice, sweet, bitter, salty, sour and umami tastes are considered the five basic taste qualities. Sweet and umami tastes are mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors, belonging to the T1R (taste receptor type 1) family. This family consists of three members (T1R1, T1R2 and T1R3). They function as sweet or umami taste receptors by forming heterodimeric complexes, T1R1+T1R3 (umami) or T1R2+T1R3 (sweet). Receptors for each of the basic tastes are thought to be expressed exclusively in taste bud cells. Sweet (T1R2+T1R3-expressing) taste cells were thought to be segregated from umami (T1R1+T1R3-expressing) taste cells in taste buds. However, recent studies have revealed that a significant portion of taste cells in mice expressed all T1R subunits and responded to both sweet and umami compounds. This suggests that sweet and umami taste cells may not be segregated. Mice are able to discriminate between sweet and umami tastes, and both tastes contribute to behavioural preferences for sweet or umami compounds. There is growing evidence that T1R3 is also involved in behavioural avoidance of calcium tastes in mice, which implies that there may be a further population of T1R-expressing taste cells that mediate aversion to calcium taste. Therefore the simple view of detection and segregation of sweet and umami tastes by T1R-expressing taste cells, in mice, is now open to re-examination.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Expression of Testicular TAS1R3 from Prepuberty to Sexual Maturity in Congjiang Xiang Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 437
Author(s):  
Ting Gong ◽  
Weiyong Wang ◽  
Houqiang Xu ◽  
Yi Yang ◽  
Xiang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Receptor Type ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Specific Expression

Testicular expression of taste receptor type 1 subunit 3 (T1R3), a sweet/umami taste receptor, has been implicated in spermatogenesis and steroidogenesis in mice. We explored the role of testicular T1R3 in porcine postnatal development using the Congjiang Xiang pig, a rare Chinese miniature pig breed. Based on testicular weights, morphology, and testosterone levels, four key developmental stages were identified in the pig at postnatal days 15–180 (prepuberty: 30 day; early puberty: 60 day; late puberty: 90 day; sexual maturity: 120 day). During development, testicular T1R3 exhibited stage-dependent and cell-specific expression patterns. In particular, T1R3 levels increased significantly from prepuberty to puberty (p < 0.05), and expression remained high until sexual maturity (p < 0.05), similar to results for phospholipase Cβ2 (PLCβ2). The strong expressions of T1R3/PLCβ2 were observed at the cytoplasm of elongating/elongated spermatids and Leydig cells. In the eight-stage cycle of the seminiferous epithelium in pigs, T1R3/PLCβ2 levels were higher in the spermatogenic epithelium at stages II–VI than at the other stages, and the strong expressions were detected in elongating/elongated spermatids and residual bodies. The message RNA (mRNA) levels of taste receptor type 1 subunit 1 (T1R1) in the testis showed a similar trend to levels of T1R3. These data indicate a possible role of T1R3 in the regulation of spermatid differentiation and Leydig cell function.

scholarly journals Sweet Taste Is Complex: Signaling Cascades and Circuits Involved in Sweet Sensation

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena von Molitor ◽  
Katja Riedel ◽  
Michael Krohn ◽  
Mathias Hafner ◽  
Rüdiger Rudolf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Pathway ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Sweet Taste Receptor ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Taste Bud Cells

Sweetness is the preferred taste of humans and many animals, likely because sugars are a primary source of energy. In many mammals, sweet compounds are sensed in the tongue by the gustatory organ, the taste buds. Here, a group of taste bud cells expresses a canonical sweet taste receptor, whose activation induces Ca2+ rise, cell depolarization and ATP release to communicate with afferent gustatory nerves. The discovery of the sweet taste receptor, 20 years ago, was a milestone in the understanding of sweet signal transduction and is described here from a historical perspective. Our review briefly summarizes the major findings of the canonical sweet taste pathway, and then focuses on molecular details, about the related downstream signaling, that are still elusive or have been neglected. In this context, we discuss evidence supporting the existence of an alternative pathway, independent of the sweet taste receptor, to sense sugars and its proposed role in glucose homeostasis. Further, given that sweet taste receptor expression has been reported in many other organs, the physiological role of these extraoral receptors is addressed. Finally, and along these lines, we expand on the multiple direct and indirect effects of sugars on the brain. In summary, the review tries to stimulate a comprehensive understanding of how sweet compounds signal to the brain upon taste bud cells activation, and how this gustatory process is integrated with gastro-intestinal sugar sensing to create a hedonic and metabolic representation of sugars, which finally drives our behavior. Understanding of this is indeed a crucial step in developing new strategies to prevent obesity and associated diseases.

scholarly journals Infection by the parasitic helminthTrichinella spiralisactivates a Tas2r-mediated signaling pathway in intestinal tuft cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 116 (12) ◽  
pp. 5564-5569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Cui Luo ◽  
Zhen-Huang Chen ◽  
Jian-Bo Xue ◽  
Dong-Xiao Zhao ◽  
Chen Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
G Protein ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Tuft Cell ◽  
Tuft Cells

The parasitic helminthTrichinella spiralis, which poses a serious health risk to animals and humans, can be found worldwide. Recent findings indicate that a rare type of gut epithelial cell, tuft cells, can detect the helminth, triggering type 2 immune responses. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain to be fully understood. Here we show that both excretory–secretory products (E–S) and extract ofT. spiraliscan stimulate the release of the cytokine interleukin 25 (IL-25) from the mouse small intestinal villi and evoke calcium responses from tuft cells in the intestinal organoids, which can be blocked by a bitter-taste receptor inhibitor, allyl isothiocyanate. Heterologously expressed mouse Tas2r bitter-taste receptors, the expression of which is augmented during tuft-cell hyperplasia, can respond to the E–S and extract as well as to the bitter compound salicin whereas salicin in turn can induce IL-25 release from tuft cells. Furthermore, abolishment of the G-protein γ13 subunit, application of the inhibitors for G-protein αo/i, Gβγ subunits, and phospholipase Cβ2 dramatically reduces the IL-25 release. Finally, tuft cells are found to utilize the inositol triphosphate receptor type 2 (Ip3r2) to regulate cytosolic calcium and thus Trpm5 activity, while potentiation of Trpm5 by a sweet-tasting compound, stevioside, enhances tuft cell IL-25 release and hyperplasia in vivo. Taken together,T. spiralisinfection activates a signaling pathway in intestinal tuft cells similar to that of taste-bud cells, but with some key differences, to initiate type 2 immunity.

Expression patterns of taste receptor type 1 subunit 3 and α-gustducin in the mouse testis during development

2016 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Gong ◽  
Quanwei Wei ◽  
Dagan Mao ◽  
Fangxiong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Mouse Testis ◽  
Receptor Type

scholarly journals Novel, Fully Characterised Bovine Taste Bud Cells of Fungiform Papillae

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 2285
Author(s):  
Habtom Ftuwi ◽  
Rheinallt Parri ◽  
Afzal R. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Protein Markers ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Taste Transduction ◽  
Taste Bud Cells

Current understanding of functional characteristics and biochemical pathways in taste bud cells have been hindered due the lack of long-term cultured cells. To address this, we developed a holistic approach to fully characterise long term cultured bovine taste bud cells (BTBCs). Initially, cultured BTBCs were characterised using RT-PCR gene expression profiling, immunocytochemistry, flowcytometry and calcium imaging, that confirmed the cells were mature TBCs that express taste receptor genes, taste specific protein markers and capable of responding to taste stimuli, i.e., denatonium (2 mM) and quinine (462.30 μM). Gene expression analysis of forty-two genes implicated in taste transduction pathway (map04742) using custom-made RT-qPCR array revealed high and low expressed genes in BTBCs. Preliminary datamining and bioinformatics demonstrated that the bovine α-gustducin, gustatory G-protein, have higher sequence similarity to the human orthologue compared to rodents. Therefore, results from this work will replace animal experimentation and provide surrogate cell-based throughput system to study human taste transduction.

scholarly journals Bitter taste receptor T2R7 and umami taste receptor subunit T1R1 are expressed highly in Vimentin-negative taste bud cells in chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 511 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Yoshida ◽  
Zhonghou Wang ◽  
Kayvan F. Tehrani ◽  
Emily G. Pendleton ◽  
Ryota Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bitter Taste ◽  
Taste Receptor ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Receptor Subunit ◽  
Bitter Taste Receptor ◽  
Umami Taste ◽  
Taste Bud Cells

Some Observations on Changes in Denervated Taste Buds of Circumvallate Papillae of Rabbits

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 308-309
Author(s):  
Sunao Fujimoto ◽  
Raymond G. Murray ◽  
Assia Murray
Keyword(s):  
Taste Buds ◽  
Taste Bud ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Dark Cells ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Circumvallate Papillae ◽  
Taste Bud Cells ◽  
Light Cells

Taste bud cells in circumvallate papillae of rabbit have been classified into three groups: dark cells; light cells; and type III cells. Unilateral section of the 9th nerve distal to the petrosal ganglion was performed in 18 animals, and changes of each cell type in the denervated buds were observed from 6 hours to 10 days after the operation.Degeneration of nerves is evident at 12 hours (Fig. 1) and by 2 days, nerves are completely lacking in the buds. Invasion by leucocytes into the buds is remarkable from 6 to 12 hours but then decreases. Their extrusion through the pore is seen. Shrinkage and disturbance in arrangement of cells in the buds can be seen at 2 days. Degenerated buds consisting of a few irregular cells and remnants of degenerated cells are present at 4 days, but buds apparently normal except for the loss of nerve elements are still present at 6 days.

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