scholarly journals Fecal sample collection methods and time of day impact microbiome composition and short chain fatty acid concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Jones ◽  
Stacey N Reinke ◽  
Alishum Ali ◽  
Debra J Palmer ◽  
Claus T. Christophersen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Collection Methods

AbstractAssociations between the human gut microbiome and health outcomes continues to be of great interest, although fecal sample collection methods which impact microbiome studies are sometimes neglected. Here, we expand on previous work in sample optimization, to promote high quality microbiome data. To compare fecal sample collection methods, amplicons from the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V4) and fungal (ITS2) region, as well as short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were determined in fecal material over three timepoints. We demonstrated that spot sampling of stool results in variable detection of some microbial members, and inconsistent levels of SCFA; therefore, sample homogenization prior to subsequent analysis or subsampling is recommended. We also identify a trend in microbial and metabolite composition that shifts over two consecutive stool collections less than 25 h apart. Lastly, we show significant differences in bacterial composition that result from collecting stool samples in OMNIgene·Gut tube (DNA Genotec) or Stool Nucleic Acid Collection and Preservation Tube (NORGEN) compared to immediate freezing. To assist with planning fecal sample collection and storage procedures for microbiome investigations with multiple analyses, we recommend participants to collect the first full bowel movement of the day and freeze the sample immediately after collection.

scholarly journals Fecal Sample Collection Methods and Time of Day Impact Microbiome Composition and Short Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacquelyn Jones ◽  
Stacey Reinke ◽  
Alishum Ali ◽  
Debra Palmer ◽  
Claus T. Christophersen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fecal Sample ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract Associations between the human gut microbiome and health outcomes continues to be of great interest, although fecal sample collection methods which impact microbiome studies are sometimes neglected. Here, we expand on previous work in sample optimization, to promote high quality microbiome data. To compare fecal sample collection methods, amplicons from the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V4) and fungal (ITS2) region, as well as short chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were determined in fecal material over three timepoints. We demonstrated that spot sampling of stool results in variable detection of some microbial members, and inconsistent levels of SCFA; therefore, sample homogenization prior to subsequent analysis or subsampling is recommended. We also identify a trend in microbial and metabolite composition that shifts over two consecutive stool collections less than 25h apart. Lastly, we show significant differences in bacterial composition that result from collecting stool samples in OMNIgeneGUT tube (DNA Genotec) or Stool Nucleic Acid Collection and Preservation Tube (NORGEN) compared to immediate freezing. To assist microbiome investigators plan their fecal sample collection and storage procedures for multiple analyses, we recommend participants to collect the first full bowel movement of the day and freeze the sample immediately after collection.

scholarly journals Prebiotic Effects of a Cranberry Beverage in a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1190-1190
Author(s):  
Jingcheng Zhao ◽  
Yunhui Qi ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Andrew Severin ◽  
Maryam Sayadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Rrna Gene

Abstract Objectives The objective was to evaluate the prebiotic effects of a milled whole cranberry beverage on modulating the gut microbiota in young adults. Methods Adults (n = 17; ages 18–42 y; BMI 30.5 ± 3.1 kg/m2) were enrolled in a 60-d, two-period, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical study. Throughout the study, participants were fed a standardized 10-d cycle menu on site. During each 20-d treatment period, participants consumed twice daily a whole cranberry or placebo beverage (240 mL per serving). Treatment periods were separated by an 11-wk washout period and preceded by 10-d run-in periods on the controlled study diet. Fecal samples were collected before and after the dietary intervention for bacterial compositional analysis and short-chain fatty acid analysis by LC-MS/MS. The V5-V6 region of the 16S rRNA gene in fecal DNA was amplified and sequenced. Taxonomy was assigned using the q2-feature-classifier in QIIME2 and matched against the Greengenes 13_8 database. Differential abundance was analyzed using ANCOM2 in R. Alpha-diversity was assessed using Faith's PD, Shannon diversity, and observed OTU richness generated by QIIME 2 and compared between treatments using Mann-Whitney U test. Beta-diversity was compared between treatments using PERMANOVA of the weighted and unweighted UniFrac distances between samples generated by QIIME 2. Results Coriobacteriaceae was significantly more abundant after participants consumed the cranberry as compared with the placebo beverage (ANCOM W > 0.7). The clinically-important pathogen Clostridium perfringens was present after consumption of the placebo beverage, but was a structural zero (not present) after consumption of the cranberry beverage. Alpha-diversity, beta-diversity, and fecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations did not differ between treatments. Conclusions Daily consumption of a whole cranberry beverage resulted in favorable change in the composition of the gut microbiota and thus showed prebiotic potential. Funding Sources Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota and Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profile between Normal and Moderate Malnutrition Children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Rafli Zulfa Kamil ◽  
Agnes Murdiati ◽  
Mohammad Juffrie ◽  
Jiro Nakayama ◽  
Endang Sutriswati Rahayu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Moderate Malnutrition

Malnutrition has been associated with the gut microbiota composition and the gastrointestinal environment. This study aimed to evaluate whether there is a difference in the gut microbiota profile between the normal and undernutrition (considered moderate malnutrition) children and evaluate the gastrointestinal environment observed from the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile. Ten days’ observations were done between normal (n:13) and undernutrition (n:15) children. The subject’s diet was recorded using a food record. Analysis of the gut microbiota was performed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3-V4 variables region, while the SCFA profile was analyzed using gas chromatography. The result shows that the undernutrition group’s energy intake was lower than in the normal group. Although there was no difference in diversity index and overall gut composition, overexpression of the genera Methanobrevibacter, Anaerococcus, Eubacterium, and Succinivibrio was observed in the undernutrition group. Meanwhile, in the normal group, Ruminococcus and Fusobacterium were found. In both groups, there was also the dominant of Prevotella enterotype. Gastrointestinal conditions in the normal group tended to be more acidic compared to the undernutrition group. It occurs due to the high concentration of propionate and butyric acids.

l-Theanine affects intestinal mucosal immunity by regulating short-chain fatty acid metabolism under dietary fiber feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 8369-8379
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Ling Lin ◽  
An Liu ◽  
Tuo Zhang ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain

LTA regulates SCFA metabolism and improves intestinal mucosal immunity by improving cholesterol synthesis in the liver and inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the colon.

scholarly journals Influence of Supplementation of Lactoferrin, Melittin and Cecropin A to Rat Diet on Changes in Faecal Ammonia Concentrations, Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations and Activities of Bacterial Enzymes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1203
Author(s):  
Jerzy Juśkiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Rawicka ◽  
Bartosz Fotschki ◽  
Michał Majewski ◽  
Zenon Zduńczyk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Enzyme Release ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Cecropin A

We hypothesised that the dietary addition of the bioactive antimicrobial protein lactoferrin (LF) and peptides melittin (MT) or cecropin A (CR) at a dosage of 100 mg/kg to the diet of Wistar rats would result in strong modulatory effects on faecal microbial enzymatic activity, short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations. To date, the changes in bacterial extracellular and intracellular enzymatic activities upon addition of dietary AMPs have not yet been studied. This experiment lasted 15 days; during the first 5 day period, the rats were fed the control diet (S) and diets supplemented with LF, MT or CR. On days 6–15, all rats were fed the control S diet. The faecal fermentation processes were substantially stopped after two days of treatment, on average, in all rats receiving LF and two AMPs. The deepest suppression effect was observed on the last day of treatment (day 5) and persisted through days 5–8. The highest decreases in faecal bacterial β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activities as well as in SCFA and ammonia concentrations were observed in the rats fed the CR diet. Only in the CR animals did the mechanism of suppressed microbial fermentation involve diminished enzyme release from bacterial cells to the digesta.

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