scholarly journals Influence of Supplementation of Lactoferrin, Melittin and Cecropin A to Rat Diet on Changes in Faecal Ammonia Concentrations, Short-Chain Fatty Acid Concentrations and Activities of Bacterial Enzymes

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1203
Author(s):  
Jerzy Juśkiewicz ◽  
Aleksandra Rawicka ◽  
Bartosz Fotschki ◽  
Michał Majewski ◽  
Zenon Zduńczyk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Antimicrobial Protein ◽  
Enzyme Release ◽  
Bacterial Cells ◽  
Suppression Effect ◽  
Cecropin A

We hypothesised that the dietary addition of the bioactive antimicrobial protein lactoferrin (LF) and peptides melittin (MT) or cecropin A (CR) at a dosage of 100 mg/kg to the diet of Wistar rats would result in strong modulatory effects on faecal microbial enzymatic activity, short-chain fatty acid and ammonia concentrations. To date, the changes in bacterial extracellular and intracellular enzymatic activities upon addition of dietary AMPs have not yet been studied. This experiment lasted 15 days; during the first 5 day period, the rats were fed the control diet (S) and diets supplemented with LF, MT or CR. On days 6–15, all rats were fed the control S diet. The faecal fermentation processes were substantially stopped after two days of treatment, on average, in all rats receiving LF and two AMPs. The deepest suppression effect was observed on the last day of treatment (day 5) and persisted through days 5–8. The highest decreases in faecal bacterial β-glucosidase and β-glucuronidase activities as well as in SCFA and ammonia concentrations were observed in the rats fed the CR diet. Only in the CR animals did the mechanism of suppressed microbial fermentation involve diminished enzyme release from bacterial cells to the digesta.

scholarly journals Short-term adaptation of the ruminal epithelium involves abrupt changes in sodium and short-chain fatty acid transport

2014 ◽  
Vol 307 (7) ◽  
pp. R802-R816 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittney L. Schurmann ◽  
Matthew E. Walpole ◽  
Pawel Górka ◽  
John C. H. Ching ◽  
Matthew E. Loewen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Transport ◽  
Epithelial Surface ◽  
Ussing Chambers ◽  
Ruminal Epithelium

The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of an increase in diet fermentability on 1) the rate and extent to which short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) absorption pathways adapt relative to changes in Na+transport, 2) the epithelial surface area (SA), and 3) the barrier function of the bovine ruminal epithelium. Twenty-five Holstein steer calves were assigned to either the control diet (CON; 91.5% hay and 8.5% supplement) or a moderately fermentable diet (50% hay; 41.5% barley grain (G), and 8.5% supplement) fed for 3 (G3), 7 (G7), 14 (G14), or 21 days (G21). All calves were fed at 2.25% body weight at 0800. Calves were killed (at 1000), and ruminal tissue was collected to determine the rate and pathway of SCFA transport, Na+transport and barrier function in Ussing chambers. Tissue was also collected for SA measurement and gene expression. Mean reticular pH decreased from 6.90 for CON to 6.59 for G7 and then increased (quadratic P < 0.001). While effective SA of the ruminal epithelium was not affected ( P > 0.10) by dietary treatment, the net Na+flux increased by 125% within 7 days (quadratic P = 0.016). Total acetate and butyrate flux increased from CON to G21, where passive diffusion was the primary SCFA absorption pathway affected. Increased mannitol flux, tissue conductance, and tendencies for increased expression of IL-1β and TLR2 indicated reduced rumen epithelium barrier function. This study indicates that an increase in diet fermentability acutely increases Na+and SCFA absorption in the absence of increased SA, but reduces barrier function.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Fibre from the Traditional Indonesian Food, Green Cincau (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) on Preneoplastic Lesions and Short Chain Fatty Acid Production in an Azoxymethane Rat Model of Colon Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samsu Nurdin ◽  
Richard Le Leu ◽  
Arturo Aburto-Medina ◽  
Graeme Young ◽  
James Stangoulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Acid Production ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Liver Lipid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fatty Acid Production

Green cincau (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) is a traditional food of Indonesia and provides a natural source of dietary fibre and antioxidants. This study evaluated the ability of green cincau, and other dietary fibres with or without the addition of anti-oxidant, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), to prevent colorectal cancer in a 12 week azoxymethane (AOM) rat model. While all dietary treatments stimulated short chain fatty acid production (SCFA) in the digesta and faeces, no one treatment was able to significantly protect against aberrant crypt formation (ACF), when compared to the control diet. However, feeding green cincau leaves or extracts did not result in an increase in ACF compared to the control diet. Unexpectedly, when the dietary fibre source was pectin, 0.1% EGCG increased proliferative activity and liver lipid peroxidation when compared to the control diet containing cellulose. Examination of faecal microbial communities identified the presence of short chain acid producing bacteria, but a distinct community profile was not observed from any individual diet group. Overall, this research implies that combining dietary fibre with an antioxidant does not automatically equate to a beneficial response. Further work is required to investigate the health-promoting properties of green cincau.

l-Theanine affects intestinal mucosal immunity by regulating short-chain fatty acid metabolism under dietary fiber feeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 8369-8379
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Ling Lin ◽  
An Liu ◽  
Tuo Zhang ◽  
Sheng Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Fatty Acid Metabolism ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Cholesterol Synthesis ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Metabolism ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain

LTA regulates SCFA metabolism and improves intestinal mucosal immunity by improving cholesterol synthesis in the liver and inhibiting gluconeogenesis in the colon.

Transmural trophic effect of short chain fatty acid infusions on atrophic, defunctioned rat colon

1995 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 946-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Kissmeyer-Nielsen ◽  
Frank V. Mortensen ◽  
Søren Laurberg ◽  
Ib Hessov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Rat Colon ◽  
Trophic Effect
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