scholarly journals Low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus based on household food blender for continuous biodiesel production for small communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijittra Wongjaikham ◽  
Doonyapong Wongsawaeng ◽  
Vareeporn Ratnitsai ◽  
Manita Kamjam ◽  
Kanokwan Ngaosuwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Volume ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Production Apparatus

AbstractFatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are sustainable biofuel that can alleviate high oil costs and environmental impacts of petroleum-based fuel. A modified 1200 W high-efficiency food blender was employed for continuous transesterification of various refined vegetable oils and waste cooking oil (WCO) using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst. The following factors have been investigated on their effects on FAME yield: baffles, reaction volume, total reactant flow rate, methanol-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature. Results indicated that the optimal conditions were: 2000 mL reaction volume, 50 mL/min total flow rate, 1% and 1.25% catalyst concentration for refined palm oil and WCO, respectively, 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 62–63 °C, obtaining yield efficiency over 96.5% FAME yield of 21.14 × 10–4 g/J (for palm oil) and 19.39 × 10–4 g/J (for WCO). All the properties of produced FAMEs meet the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. The modified household food blender could be a practical and low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus for continuous biodiesel production for small communities in remote areas.

scholarly journals Low-Cost Alternative Biodiesel Production Apparatus Based on Household Food Blender for Continuous Biodiesel Production for Small Communities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wijittra Wongjaikham ◽  
Doonyapong Wongsawaeng ◽  
Vareeporn Ratnitsai ◽  
Manita Kamjam ◽  
Kanokwan Ngaosuwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Reaction Volume ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Production Apparatus

Abstract Fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) are sustainable biofuel that can alleviate high oil cost and environmental impacts of petroleum-based fuel. A modified 1,200 W high efficiency fruit blender was employed for continuous transesterification of various refined vegetable oils and waste cooking oil (WCO) using sodium hydroxide as a homogeneous catalyst. The following factors have been investigated on their effects on FAME yield: baffles, reaction volume, total reactant flow rate, methanol-oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration and reaction temperature. Results indicated that the optimal conditions were: 2,000 mL reaction volume, 50 mL/min total flow rate, 1% and 1.25% catalyst concentration for refined palm oil and WCO, respectively, 6:1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio and 62 - 63oC, obtaining yield efficiency over 96.5% FAME yield of 21.14 ´ 10-4 g.J-1 (for palm oil) and 19.39 ´ 10-4 g.J-1 (for WCO). All the properties of produced FAMEs meet the EN 14214 and ASTM D6751 standards. The modified household fruit blender could be a practical and low-cost alternative biodiesel production apparatus for continuous biodiesel production for small communities in remote areas.

scholarly journals Box-Behnken Design for Optimization on Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil and Methyl Acetate using Ultrasound Assisted Interesterification Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ansori Ansori
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Box Behnken Design

Energy demand is currently increasing in line with technological and economic developments, but not accompanied by an increase in energy reserves. So we need another alternative energy that can be renewed, namely biodiesel. Biodiesel has been produced commercially through the transesterification from vegetable oil with methanol using catalyst that produces esters and glycerol. The formation of glycerol which is by-product can reduce its economic value, so it needs to be done the separation process. Therefore, a new route is proposed in this study, namely the interesterification reaction (non-alcoholic route) using methyl acetate as an alkyl group supplier and potassium methoxide catalyst. The superiority of the product produced by the interesterification reaction is biodiesel with triacetin byproducts which have an economical value and can be added to biodiesel formulations because of their solubility so that no side product separation process is needed. To increase the yield of biodiesel and the interesterification rate, the ultrasound method was used in this study. To optimize the factors that affect the interesterification reaction (molar ratio of methyl acetate to oil, catalyst concentration, temperature, and interesterification time), the Box-Behnken design (BBD) is used. Optimal operating conditions to produce the yields of biodiesel of 98.64 % are at molar ratio of methyl acetate to palm oil of 18.74, catalyst concentration of 1.24 %, temperature of 57.84 °C, and interesterification time of 12.69 minutes.

scholarly journals BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM PALM OIL USING HOMOGENEOUS CATAYST SYSTEM

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 3807-3815
Author(s):  
Yee Ching Wong ◽  
Nurfarhana Suib ◽  
Nurfarhana Suib
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Catalyst System ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Homogenous Catalyst ◽  
Petroleum Reserves

Due to the depletion of petroleum reserves and environmental concern, biodiesel has emerged as one of the most potential energy to replace petroleum. It is a renewable, biodegradable and non-toxic fuel which can be easily produced through transesterification. Transesterification of palm oil with methanol has been studied in a homogenous catalyst system using different catalysts (CaCO3, SrCO3 and BaCO3). The effects of concentration catalyst (0.25 %w/w-1.5 %w/w) and molar ratio of methanol to oil (3:1-21:1) on biodiesel yield and conversion of FFA to FAME was investigated. From this study, SrCO3 gave better yields of FAME while CaCO3 gave better conversion of FFA to FAME. The lowest yield of FAME was recorded at catalyst concentration of 0.25 %w/w while the highest yield of FAME was at 1.25 %w/w. The lowest conversion of FFA to FAME was at 0.25 %w/w and the highest conversion at catalyst concentration of 0.75 %w/w. For the molar ratio of methanol to oil, the minimum yield of FAME at 21: while the maximum yield of FAME was obtained at 3:1. The minimum conversion of FFA to FAME was recorded at 3:1 molar ratio methanol to oil. However, maximum conversion was recorded at 15:1 molar ratio methanol to oil. This study revealed that biodiesel was successfully reduced 52.3 % opacity level of smoke emission by diesel engine that operated with petroleum diesel.

scholarly journals Palm Oil Decanter Cake Wastes as Alternative Nutrient Sources and Biomass Support Particles for Production of Fungal Whole-Cell Lipase and Application as Low-Cost Biocatalyst for Biodiesel Production

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1365
Author(s):  
Aran H-Kittikun ◽  
Benjamas Cheirsilp ◽  
Natthapat Sohsomboon ◽  
Darun Binmarn ◽  
Wasu Pathom-aree ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Lipase Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Decanter Cake ◽  
Biomass Support Particles

This is the first report on the possible use of decanter cake waste (DCW) from palm oil industry as alternative nutrient sources and biomass support particles for whole-cell lipase production under solid-state fermentation (SSF) by newly isolated fungal Aspergillus sp. MS15 and their application as a low-cost and environment-friendly biocatalyst for biodiesel production. The results found that DCW supplemented with 0.1% K2HPO4, 0.05% MgSO4·7H2O, 1% peptone and 2% urea and pH adjusted to 6.0 was optimal for whole-cell lipase production. The optimal moisture content and fermentation temperature was 60% and 37.5 °C, respectively. Environmentally friendly biodiesel production, through either esterification or transesterification using whole-cell lipase immobilized on DCW as a biocatalyst, was optimized. The optimal reaction temperature for both reactions was 37 °C. The whole-cell lipase effectively esterified oleic acid into >95% biodiesel yield through esterification under optimal water activity at 0.71 and an optimal methanol to oleic acid molar ratio of 2:1, and also effectively transesterified palm oil under optimal water activity at 0.81 and an optimal methanol to oil molar ratio of 3:1. The fuel properties of produced biodiesel are close to the international biodiesel standards. These results have shown the circular utilization of palm oil mill waste for the low-cost production of an effective biocatalyst, and may contribute greatly to the sustainability of renewable bioenergy production.

Calcium Methoxide Synthesis from Quick Lime Using as Solid Catalyst in Refined Palm Oil Biodiesel Production

2013 ◽  
Vol 834-836 ◽  
pp. 550-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warakom Suwanthai ◽  
Vittaya Punsuvon ◽  
Pilanee Vaithanomsat
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Quick Lime ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Refined Palm Oil

In this research, calcium methoxide was synthesized as solid base catalyst from quick lime for biodiesel production. The catalyst was further characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), attenuated total reflection fourier transform (ATR-FTIR) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopies (EDX) to evaluate its performance. The transesterification of refined palm oil using calcium methoxide and the process parameters affecting the fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content such as catalyst concentration, methanol:oil molar ratio and reaction time were investigated. The results showed that the FAME content at 97% was achieved within 3 h using 3 %wt catalyst loading, 12:1 methanol:oil molar ratio and 65 °C reaction temperature. The result of FAME suggested calcium methoxide was the promising solid catalyst for substitution of the conventional liquid catalyst.

Optimization of biodiesel synthesis under simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation using response surface methodology (RSM)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili ◽  
Teymor Tavakoli Hashjin ◽  
Barat Ghobadian ◽  
Gholamhasan Najafi ◽  
Stefano Mantegna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Microwave Irradiation ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

AbstractThis work investigates the effect of simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation on palm oil transesterification and uncovers optimal operating conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) has been used to analyze the influence of reaction conditions, including methanol/palm oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature and irradiation time on biodiesel yield. RSM analyses indicate 136 s and 129 s as the optimal sonication and microwave irradiation times, respectively. Optimized parameters for full conversion (97.53%) are 1.09% catalyst concentration and a 7:3.1 methanol/oil molar ratio at 58.4°C. Simultaneous ultrasound-microwave irradiation dramatically accelerates the palm oil transesterification reaction. Pure biodiesel was obtained after only 2.2 min while the conventional method requires about 1 h.

scholarly journals Performance of novel dielectric barrier discharge reactor for biodiesel production from palm oil and ethanol

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 ◽  
pp. 02010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Dafinah Ramadhani ◽  
Saphira Nurina Fakhri ◽  
Setijo Bismo
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Plasma Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Synthesis Methods ◽  
Dbd Plasma ◽  
Spiral Coil ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

The disadvantages of conventional biodiesel synthesis trigger the birth of new biodiesel synthesis methods using the DBD plasma reactor. The conventional methods with homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have significant constraints that the formation of glycerol compounds in large enough quantities that require considerable energy. The aim of present experiment is to design DBD non-thermal plasma reactor coaxial pipe type and to do its performance test in converting biodiesel The feed stock used are palm oil, ethanol, and argon gas as plasma carrier. Such a chemical reactor, this plasma reactor is also influenced by reaction kinetics and hydrodynamic factors. From this research, it can be seen that the optimum feed and gas flowrate being operated is 1.64 and 41.67 mL/s. The plasma reactor is used in the form of a quartz glass tube surrounded by a SS-314 spiral coil as an outer electrode. The applied operating conditions are 1 : 1 molar ratio of methanol/oil, ambient temperature of 28 - 30 °C, and pressure 1 bar. From this performance test, it is found that this plasma reactor can be used to synthesize biodiesel from palm oil and methanol without catalyst, no formation of soap, and minimal byproducts.

Genetic Algorithm Approach to Optimize Biodiesel Production by Ultrasonic System

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ebrahim Fayyazi ◽  
Barat Ghobadian ◽  
Gholamhassan Najafi ◽  
Bahram Hosseinzadeh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Waste Cooking Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Genetic Algorithm Approach ◽  
Mixing Method

Abstract Ultrasonic processing is an effective tool to attain required mixing while providing the necessary activation energy in the field of biofuels. In this regard, optimization of fast transesterification of waste cooking oil is very important. The goal of this research paper is therefore to determine the effect of important parameters such as methanol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration (potassium hydroxide), temperature, and horn position on oil conversion to methyl ester in ultrasonic mixing method. Result of experiments showed that the optimum conditions for the transesterification process have been obtained as molar ratio of alcohol to oil as 6:1, catalyst concentration of 1 wt.%, temperature as 45°C, and horn position at the interface of methanol to oil. The results show that the ultrasonic method decreases the reaction time as much as up to eight times compare to the conventional stirring. For practically evaluating the theoretical optimum point using genetic algorithm, the obtained values were verified experimentally. In order to perform this, the catalyst concentration, temperature, and the time of reaction were determined, and the values are 1%, 48°C, and 449s, respectively. For the obtained values, the biodiesel conversion was 93.2%, so that the experimental optimum value is closed to that of the theoretical values. As a result, experimental data confirmed the obtained values from optimization method in this research work.

scholarly journals Flow-mode biodiesel production from palm oil using a pressurized microwave reactor

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Safieddin Ardebili ◽  
Xinyu Ge ◽  
Giancarlo Cravotto
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Flow Mode ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Surface Method ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Reactor Pressure ◽  
Palm Oil Biodiesel

Abstract The factors that influence microwave-assisted biodiesel production reactions have been analyzed in this investigation. The studied parameters included microwave (MW) power, irradiation time, and reactor pressure. The response surface method was used to optimize the reaction conditions. The conversion for the 6:1 methanol/oil molar ratio and 1% catalyst ranged from 68.4% to 96.71%. The optimized conditions were found to be 138 s of MW irradiation at 780 W and 7 bar pressure. The conversion at this point was 97.82%. Biodiesel yield increased at higher radiation times (90–130 s) and pressures (5–7 bar). Results show that MW power and irradiation time have significant effects at the 1% level, whereas pressure had significant effects at the 5% level on biodiesel production in this range. The major properties of the palm oil biodiesel produced herein have met the requirements of the EN 14214 methyl ester standard.

scholarly journals Production of Biodiesel from Waste Vegetable Oil via KM Micromixer

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Elkady ◽  
Ahmed Zaatout ◽  
Ola Balbaa
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil ◽  
Ft Ir

The production of biodiesel from waste vegetable oils through its pretreatment followed by transesterification process in presence of methanol was investigated using a KM micromixer reactor. The parameters affecting biodiesel production process such as alcohol to oil molar ratio, catalyst concentration, the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a cosolvent, and the volumetric flow rates of inlet fluids were optimized. The properties of the produced biodiesel were compared with its parent waste oil through different characterization techniques. The presence of methyl ester groups at the produced biodiesel was confirmed using both the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Moreover, the thermal analysis of the produced biodiesel and the comparable waste oil indicated that the product after the transesterification process began to vaporize at 120°C which makes it lighter than its parent oil which started to vaporize at around 300°C. The maximum biodiesel production yield of 97% was recorded using 12 : 1 methanol to oil molar ratio in presence of both 1% NaOH and THF/methanol volume ratio 0.3 at 60 mL/h flow rate.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document