scholarly journals Biscogniauxia rosacearum the charcoal canker agent as a pathogen associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Zagros region of Iran

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Bahmani ◽  
Jafar Abdollahzadeh ◽  
Jahanshir Amini ◽  
Antonio Evidente
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
First Time ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Zagros Region

AbstractGrapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are well-known and significant fungal diseases of Vitis vinifera with a worldwide distribution. During August to November 2016 in a survey to characterize fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases in Kermanshah Province (west of Iran) vineyards, 286 fungal isolates were obtained. Based on morphology and DNA sequences data eight species were identified, of which Biscogniauxia rosacearum, Neoscytalidium hyalinum and Phaeoacremonium minimum were the most aggressive fungal pathogenic species characterized in this research. N. hyalinum was the most prevalent species. N. hyalinum and Ph. minimum have previously been reported from Vitis vinifera. Thus far, there are two records of Biscogniauxia mediterranea and Biscogniauxia capnodes on grapevine in the world with no data on pathology aspects. To our knowledge, it is the first time B. rosacearum is reported from grapevine across the globe. Pathogenicity test with three strains of B. rosacearum on 2-year-old potted grapevines confirmed the pathogenicity of B. rosacearum on grapevine. The proximity of vineyards to the oak trees in Zagros forests as one of the plant hosts of Biscogniauxia spp. further highlights the need for extensive studies on B. rosacearum as a new fungal pathogen.

scholarly journals New species of Phaeomoniellales from a German vineyard and their potential threat to grapevine (Vitis vinifera) health

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-155
Author(s):  
C. Kraus ◽  
U. Damm ◽  
S. Bien ◽  
R.T. Voegele ◽  
M. Fischer
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Phaeomoniella Chlamydospora ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Spore Trapping

Recently, the order Phaeomoniellales was established that includes fungi closely related to Phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a phytopathogen assumed to be the main causal agent of the two most destructive grapevine trunk diseases, Petri disease and esca. Other species of this order are reported as pathogens of other economically important crops, like olive, peach, apricot, cherry, plum, rambutan, lichee or langsat. However, they are rarely isolated and hence, little is known about their ecological traits and pathogenicity. During a 1-yr period of spore trapping in a German vineyard divided in minimally and intensively pruned grapevines, 23 fungal strains of the Phaeomoniellales were collected. Based on morphological and molecular (ITS, LSU and tub2) analyses the isolated strains were assigned to eight different species. Two species were identified as P. chlamydospora and Neophaeomoniella zymoides, respectively. The remaining six species displayed morphological and molecular differences to known species of the Phaeomoniellales and are newly described, namely Aequabiliella palatina, Minutiella simplex, Moristroma germanicum, Mo. palatinum, Neophaeomoniella constricta and N. ossiformis. A pathogenicity test conducted in the greenhouse revealed that except for P. chlamydospora, none of the species of the Phaeomoniellales isolated from spore traps is able to induce lesions in grapevine wood.

scholarly journals Phytotoxins Produced by Two Biscogniauxia rosacearum Strains, Causal Agents of Grapevine Trunk Diseases, and Charcoal Canker of Oak Trees in Iran

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 812
Author(s):  
Marco Masi ◽  
Samaneh Bashiri ◽  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
Zeinab Bahmani ◽  
Jafar Abdollahzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Specific Optical Rotation ◽  
Hedera Helix ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Sar Study ◽  
First Time

Biscogniauxia rosacearum, recognized for the first time as a pathogen involved in grapevine trunk diseases in Paveh (west of Iran) vineyards, produced meso-2,3-butanediol (1) as the only phytotoxin. Nectriapyrone (2), (3R)-5-methylmellein (3), (3R)-5-methyl-6-methoxymellein (4), and tyrosol (5) were instead produced as phytotoxins from a strain of the same fungus isolated from oak trees in Zagros forests of Gilan-e Gharb, Kermanshah Province. They were identified comparing their 1H and 13C NMR, ESIMS, and specific optical rotation data with those already reported in the literature. The phytotoxicity of metabolites (1–5) was estimated by leaf puncture assay on Quercus ilex L. and Hedera helix L., and by leaf absorption assay on grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) at a concentration of 5 × 10−3 and 10−3 M. Tested on grapevine, meso-2,3-butanediol (1) and (3R)-5-methyl-6-methoxymellein (4) resulted to be the most phytotoxic compounds. On Q. ilex, nectriapyrone (2) and tyrosol (5) showed severe necrosis at the highest concentration while none of the compounds (1–5) was active on H. helix. Furthermore, the phytotoxicity of compounds 3 and 4 was also compared with that of some related natural melleins to perform a structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. The results of this study were also discussed.

scholarly journals Wood Metabolomic Responses of Wild and Cultivated Grapevine to Infection with Neofusicoccum parvum, a Trunk Disease Pathogen

Metabolites ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clément Labois ◽  
Kim Wilhelm ◽  
Hélène Laloue ◽  
Céline Tarnus ◽  
Christophe Bertsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Neofusicoccum Parvum ◽  
Specialized Metabolites ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Resveratrol Oligomer

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), which are associated with complex of xylem-inhabiting fungi, represent one of the major threats to vineyard sustainability currently. Botryosphaeria dieback, one of the major GTDs, is associated with wood colonization by Botryosphaeriaceae fungi, especially Neofusicoccum parvum. We used GC-MS and HPLC-MS to compare the wood metabolomic responses of the susceptible Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera (V. v. subsp. vinifera) and the tolerant Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris (V. v. subsp. sylvestris) after artificial inoculation with Neofusicoccum parvum (N. parvum). N. parvum inoculation triggered major changes in both primary and specialized metabolites in the wood. In both subspecies, infection resulted in a strong decrease in sugars (fructose, glucose, sucrose), whereas sugar alcohol content (mannitol and arabitol) was enhanced. Concerning amino acids, N. parvum early infection triggered a decrease in aspartic acid, serine, and asparagine, and a strong increase in alanine and β-alanine. A trend for more intense primary metabolism alteration was observed in V. v. subsp. sylvestris compared to V. v. subsp. vinifera. N. parvum infection also triggered major changes in stilbene and flavonoid compounds. The content in resveratrol and several resveratrol oligomers increased in the wood of both subspecies after infection. Interestingly, we found a higher induction of resveratrol oligomer (putative E-miyabenol C, vitisin C, hopeaphenol, ampelopsin C) contents after wood inoculation in V. v. subsp. sylvestris.

scholarly journals Fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) with emphasize on pestalotioid species in Kurdistan Province, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmail Khaledi ◽  
Jamal Nahvi Moghadam ◽  
Jafar Abdollahzadeh ◽  
Jahanshir Amini
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dothidea ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
The World ◽  
Trunk Diseases

Abstract Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are destructive and important economically with worldwide distribution. In this survey 233 fungal isolates were obtained from grapevine cultivars showing trunk diseases symptoms in Kurdistan Province, Iran. Based on sequences data and morphology 24 species belong to 20 genera were characterized. Botryosphaeriaceae, Alternaria, Sporocadaceae and Phaeoacremonium members were the most prevalent identified fungal groups. At the species level Botryosphaeria dothidea, Alternaria malorum, Phaeoacremonium aleophilum and Acremonium sclerotigenum were the most frequent identified species. All species are new records in Kurdistan Province. Clonostachys rosea and Neoscytalidium novaehollandiae are new records on grapevine in Iran. Acremonium sclerotigenum, Alternaria chlamydosporigena, Ascochyta herbicola and Paecilomyces formosus are new records on grapevine around the world. In phylogenetic analyses based on LSU, ITS, TEF-1α and TUB2 sequence data four pestalotioid species belong to Sporocadaceae were identified. Of these, three species are new for science and introduced here as Seimatosporium marivanicum, Sporocadus kurdistani and Xenoseimatosporium kurdistanicum. Furthermore, three new combinations in Sporocadus are proposed.

scholarly journals Characterization of Lasiodiplodia species associated with grapevines in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-251
Author(s):  
Edelweiss A. RANGEL-MONTOYA ◽  
Marcos PAOLINELLI ◽  
Philippe E. ROLSHAUSEN ◽  
Cesar VALENZUELA-SOLANO ◽  
Rufina HERNANDEZ-MARTINEZ
Keyword(s):  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Grapevine Dieback ◽  
Prevalent Species ◽  
Highly Virulent

Botryosphaeria dieback is one of the most prevalent grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs), and is caused by fungi in the Botryosphaeriaceae. Fungi invade grapevine vascular systems mainly through pruning wounds, and cause cankers and necrotic lesions, which lead to grapevine decline and death. Lasiodiplodia theobromae has been reported as a highly virulent pathogen of grapevine, and was previously reported in Mexican vineyards. The taxonomy of Lasiodiplodia was recently revised, adding new species, and some were reduced to synonymy. This study aimed to characterize Lasio-diplodia producing grapevine dieback symptoms in Sonora and Baja California, Mexico. Using the phylogenetic markers tef1-α and ITS regions, Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis, L. crassispora, L. exigua, and L. gilanensis were identified. Lasidiplodia exigua was the most prevalent species. Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis and L. gilanensis were very virulent to ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ plants, while L. exigua and L. gilanensis were less virulent, and L. crassispora did not produce lesions at 2 months post-inoculation. The optimum temperature of the Lasiodiplodia spp. was 28°C, but all four species grew up to 37°C, and the isolates of L. exigua grew slowly at 40°C. This is the first report of the four of Lasio-diplodia species in vineyards of Mexico.

scholarly journals TERRA: A Novel Biomarker of Embryo Quality and Art Outcome

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 475
Author(s):  
Maria Santa Rocca ◽  
Ludovica Dusi ◽  
Andrea Di Nisio ◽  
Erminia Alviggi ◽  
Benedetta Iussig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Male Fertility ◽  
Embryo Quality ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Biological Clock ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
First Time

Telomeres are considered to be an internal biological clock, and their progressive shortening has been associated with the risk of age-related diseases and reproductive alterations. Over recent years, an increasing number of studies have focused on the association between telomere length and fertility, identifying sperm telomere length (STL) as a novel biomarker of male fertility. Although typically considered to be repeated DNA sequences, telomeres have recently been shown to also include a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) known as TERRA (telomeric repeat-containing RNAs). Interestingly, males with idiopathic infertility show reduced testicular TERRA expression, suggesting a link between TERRA and male fertility. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of seminal TERRA expression in embryo quality. To this end, STL and TERRA expression were quantified by Real Time qPCR in the semen of 35 men who underwent assisted reproductive technologies (ART) and 30 fertile men. We found that TERRA expression in semen and STL was reduced in patients that underwent ART (both p < 0.001). Interestingly, TERRA and STL expressions were positively correlated (p = 0.010), and TERRA expression was positively associated with embryo quality (p < 0.001). These preliminary findings suggest a role for TERRA in the maintenance of sperm telomere integrity during gametogenesis, and for the first time, TERRA expression was found as a predictive factor for embryo quality in the setting of assisted reproduction.

scholarly journals Production of Phytotoxic Metabolites by Botryosphaeriaceae in Naturally Infected and Artificially Inoculated Grapevines

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 802
Author(s):  
Pierluigi Reveglia ◽  
Regina Billones-Baaijens ◽  
Jennifer Millera Millera Niem ◽  
Marco Masi ◽  
Alessio Cimmino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Protocatechuic Acid ◽  
Physiological Factors ◽  
Diplodia Seriata ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Botryosphaeria Dieback ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
One Year ◽  
Pathogen Dna

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are considered a serious problem to viticulture worldwide. Several GTD fungal pathogens produce phytotoxic metabolites (PMs) that were hypothesized to migrate to the foliage where they cause distinct symptoms. The role of PMs in the expression of Botryosphaeria dieback (BD) symptoms in naturally infected and artificially inoculated wood using molecular and analytical chemistry techniques was investigated. Wood samples from field vines naturally infected with BD and one-year-old vines inoculated with Diplodia seriata, Spencermartinsia viticola and Dothiorella vidmadera were analysed by cultural isolations, quantitative PCR (qPCR) and targeted LC-MS/MS to detect three PMs: (R)-mellein, protocatechuic acid and spencertoxin. (R)-mellein was detected in symptomatic naturally infected wood and vines artificially inoculated with D. seriata but was absent in all non-symptomatic wood. The amount of (R)-mellein detected was correlated with the amount of pathogen DNA detected by qPCR. Protocatechuic acid and spencertoxin were absent in all inoculated wood samples. (R)-mellein may be produced by the pathogen during infection to break down the wood, however it was not translocated into other parts of the vine. The foliar symptoms previously reported in vineyards may be due to a combination of PMs produced and climatic and physiological factors that require further investigation.

scholarly journals Assessment of Conjugate Complexes of Chitosan and Urtica dioica or Equisetum arvense Extracts for the Control of Grapevine Trunk Pathogens

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 976
Author(s):  
Natalia Langa-Lomba ◽  
Laura Buzón-Durán ◽  
Pablo Martín-Ramos ◽  
José Casanova-Gascón ◽  
Jesús Martín-Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urtica Dioica ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Equisetum Arvense ◽  
Grapevine Trunk Diseases ◽  
Trunk Diseases ◽  
Synergistic Behavior ◽  
Reported Data ◽  
Basic Substances

In the work presented herein, we analyze the efficacy of three basic substances that comply with European Regulation (EC) No 1107/2009, namely chitosan, horsetail (Equisetum arvense L.) and nettle (Urtica dioica L.), for the control of grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) in organic farming. The E. arvense and U. dioica aqueous extracts, prepared according to SANCO/12386/2013 and SANTE/11809/2016, have been studied by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS), identifying their main active constituents. The three basic substances, either alone or in combination (forming conjugate complexes), have been tested in vitro against eight Botryosphaeriaceae species, and in vivo, in grafted plants artificially inoculated with Neofusicoccum parvum and Diplodia seriata. A clear synergistic behavior between chitosan and the two plant extracts has been observed in the mycelial growth inhibition tests (resulting in EC90 values as low as 208 μg·mL−1 for some of the isolates), and statistically significant differences have been found in terms of vascular necroses lengths between treated and non-treated plants, providing further evidence of aforementioned synergism in the case of D. seriata. The reported data supports the possibility of extending the applications of these three basic substances in Viticulture beyond the treatment of mildew.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document