scholarly journals Transurethral versus suprapubic catheterization to test urethral function in rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Janssen ◽  
Kangli Deng ◽  
Steve J. A. Majerus ◽  
Dan Li Lin ◽  
Brett Hanzlicek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Bladder Pressure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Emg Amplitude ◽  
Suprapubic Catheterization ◽  
Sphincter Electromyography ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
Urethral Function

AbstractTransurethral and suprapubic catheterization have both been used to test urethral function in rats; however, it is unknown whether these methods affect urethral function or if the order of catheterization affects the results. The aim of this cross-over designed experiment was to compare the effects of catheterization methods and order on leak point pressure (LPP) testing. LPP and simultaneous external urethral sphincter electromyography (EUS EMG) were recorded in anesthetized female virgin Sprague-Dawley rats in a cross-over design to test the effects of transurethral and suprapubic catheterization. There was no significant difference in peak bladder pressure during LPP testing whether measured with a transurethral or suprapubic catheter. There was no significant difference in peak bladder pressure between the first and second catheter insertions. However, peak EMG firing rate, as well as peak EMG amplitude and EMG amplitude difference between peak and baseline were significantly higher after the first catheter insertion compared to the second insertion, regardless of the catheter method. Our results suggest that route of catheterization does not alter urethral function, e.g. create a functional partial outlet obstruction. Either catheterization method could be used for LPP and/or EUS EMG testing in rats.

scholarly journals Pudendal nerve injury reduces urethral outlet resistance in diabetic rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (6) ◽  
pp. F1443-F1450 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Q. Pan ◽  
Dan L. Lin ◽  
Christopher Strauch ◽  
Robert S. Butler ◽  
Vincent M. Monnier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
Functional Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Pudendal Nerve Injury

Diabetics have voiding and continence dysfunction to which elevated levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE) may contribute. In addition, pudendal nerve injury is correlated with voiding dysfunction and stress incontinence in rats. The aim of this study was to investigate whether pudendal nerve crush (PNC) in diabetic rats alters urinary function. Female virgin Sprague-Dawley rats (144) were divided equally into diabetic, diuretic, and control groups. Half of the animals in each group were subjected to PNC, and the other half to sham PNC. Diabetes was induced 8 wk before PNC or sham PNC by streptozotocin injection (35 mg/kg). Animals underwent conscious cystometry and leak point pressure (LPP) testing 4 or 13 days after PNC or sham PNC. Tissues of half the animals were tested for levels of AGEs. Qualitative histological assessment was performed in the remaining animals. Diabetic rats 4 days after PNC voided significantly greater volume in a shorter time and with significantly less pressure than after sham PNC, suggesting that diabetic rats have a functional outlet obstruction that is relieved by PNC. LPP was significantly reduced 4 days after PNC in diabetic and diuretic animals and returned to normal 13 days after PNC. Diabetic rats with PNC demonstrated increased muscle fiber disruption and atrophy of the external urethral sphincter. AGEs were significantly elevated in diabetic rats. PNC relieves a functional outlet obstruction in diabetic rats. AGEs are elevated in diabetic rats and could play a role in urinary dysfunction and recovery from PNC.

scholarly journals α1D-Adrenoceptor blockade increases voiding efficiency by improving external urethral sphincter activity in rats with spinal cord injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (5) ◽  
pp. R971-R978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirokazu Ishida ◽  
Hiroki Yamauchi ◽  
Hideaki Ito ◽  
Hironobu Akino ◽  
Osamu Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Lower Urinary Tract Dysfunction ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Detrusor Sphincter Dyssynergia ◽  
Sphincter Electromyography ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Cord Injury

Ideal therapy for lower urinary tract dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) should decrease detrusor overactivity, thereby promoting urine storage at low intravesical pressure and promoting efficient voiding at low pressure by decreasing detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia. Here we investigated blockade of various α-adrenoceptors to determine the subtype that was principally responsible for improving the voiding dysfunction. The effects of the intravenous α-blocker naftopidil, the α-blocker BMY 7378, and the α-blocker silodosin were evaluated using cystometrography and external urethral sphincter-electromyography (EMG) in decerebrated, unanesthetized female Sprague-Dawley rats with chronic SCI following transection at Th8. Parameters measured included the voided volume, residual volume, voiding efficiency, and burst and silent periods on EMG. Compared with values in decerebrated non-SCI rats, EMG of decerebrated SCI rats revealed more prominent tonic activity, significantly shorter periods of bursting activity, and a reduced ratio of the silent to active period during bursting. Compared with the value before drug administration (control), the voiding efficiency was significantly increased by naftopidil (1 and 3 mg/kg) (<0.05 each), and the burst (<0.01 and <0.05, respectively) and silent periods (<0.01 each) on EMG were significantly lengthened. BMY 7378 (1 mg/kg) significantly increased voiding efficiency and lengthened the burst periods (<0.05 each). Silodosin did not affect any parameters. These results suggest that α-blockade reduces the urethral resistance associated with detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia, thus improving voiding efficiency in SCI rats.

Sexually dimorphic urethral activity in response to pharmacological activation of 5-HT1A receptors in the rat

2013 ◽  
Vol 305 (9) ◽  
pp. F1332-F1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Jia Fan ◽  
Yu-Ting Li ◽  
Jia-Jin Jason Chen ◽  
Shih-Ching Chen ◽  
You Shuei Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Sexual Differences ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Leak Point Pressure ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Sphincter Electromyography ◽  
Point Pressure

In this study, we examined the possibility that 5-HT1A receptors may underlie sexually dimorphic mechanisms affecting the regulation of urethral functions in anesthetized rats. Simultaneous recordings of intravesical pressure under isovolumetric conditions, external urethral sphincter-electromyography, and urethral perfusion pressure were used to examine the effects of a 5-HT1A receptor agonist [8-hydroxy-2-(di- n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT)] and antagonist (WAY-100635) on bladder and urethral functions. This research also evaluated the effects of 8-OH-DPAT and α-bungarotoxin (a neuromuscular blockade agent) on urethral continence using leak point pressure testing, and the distribution of 5-HT1A receptors in the lower urinary tract was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The serotonergic mechanism that controls the urinary bladder and external urethral sphincter-electromyography activity showed no significant sexual differences, but urethral activity in urethral perfusion pressure and leak point pressure values exhibited some sexual differences. 8-OH-DPAT enhanced urethral pressure during continence in rats of both sexes, but the drug elevated the pressure during voiding in male rats and reduced it in female rats. The distribution of 5-HT1A receptors in the spinal cord also showed some sexual differences. The present study contributes to our understanding of the role of 5-HT1A receptors in physiological and immunohistochemical properties of urethral smooth muscle in rats of different sexes. These findings may be a basis for the future development of pharmacotherapies for stress urinary incontinence in men.

scholarly journals Daily bilateral pudendal nerve electrical stimulation improves recovery from stress urinary incontinence

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 20190020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kangli Deng ◽  
Brian M. Balog ◽  
Dan Li Lin ◽  
Brett Hanzlicek ◽  
Qi-Xiang Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Point Pressure

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women is strongly associated with childbirth which injures the pudendal nerve (PN) and the external urethral sphincter (EUS) during delivery. Electrical stimulation (ES) can increase brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in injured neurons, activate Schwann cells and promote neuroregeneration after nerve injury. The aim of this study was to determine if more frequent ES would increase recovery from SUI in a rat model. Forty female Sprague–Dawley rats underwent either sham injury or pudendal nerve crush (PNC) and vaginal distention (VD) to establish SUI. Immediately after injury, electrodes were implanted at the pudendal nerve bilaterally. Each injured animal underwent sham ES, twice per week ES (2/week), or daily ES of 1 h duration for two weeks. Urethral and nerve function were assessed with leak point pressure (LPP), EUS electromyography and pudendal nerve sensory branch potential (PNSBP) recordings two weeks after injury. LPP was significantly increased after daily ES compared to 2/week ES. EUS neuromuscular junction innervation was decreased after injury with sham ES, but improved after 2/week or daily ES. This study demonstrates that daily bilateral ES to the pudendal nerve can accelerate recovery from SUI. Daily ES improved urethral function more than 2/week ES.

scholarly journals Analysis of continence reflexes by dynamic urethral pressure recordings in a rat stress urinary incontinence model induced by multiple simulated birth traumas

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (4) ◽  
pp. F781-F788
Author(s):  
Joonbeom Kwon ◽  
Takahisa Suzuki ◽  
Ei-ichiro Takaoka ◽  
Nobutaka Shimizu ◽  
Takahiro Shimizu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Stress Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Sham Group ◽  
Bladder Pressure ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Urethral Pressure ◽  
Intravesical Pressure ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pressure Elevation ◽  
Point Pressure

The present study evaluated real-time changes in urethral pressure during the storage phase using a rat model with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) induced by simulated multiple birth traumas and investigated the relationship between urethral continence function and dynamic parameters associated with the changes in urethral pressure. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following two groups: the sham group, which underwent three catheterizations of the vagina without distension at 2-wk intervals, and the vaginal distension (VD) group, which underwent three VDs at 2-wk intervals. After transection of the T8–T9 spinal cord, simultaneous bladder and urethral pressure recordings were performed during intravesical pressure elevation. Urodynamic parameters such as leak point pressure (LPP), urethral baseline pressure (UBP), maximum urethral pressure (MUP), the MUP-UBP differential (dUP) during intravesical pressure elevation, the bladder pressure when urethral contraction begins (Puc), and the bladder pressure at bladder neck opening (Pno) were then measured and compared. Compared with the sham group, LPP, UBP, dUP, MUP, Puc, and Pno were significantly decreased in the VD group. Pressure differences between LPP and Pno and between LPP and UBP (LPP-UBP) were also significantly different in the two groups. However, difference values of LPP and MUP or Pno and UBP were not altered after VD. Our new methods of simultaneous recordings of dynamic changes in bladder and urethral pressures are useful to fully evaluate the functional alterations in urethral continence function in the SUI model induced by multiple VDs. Moreover, LPP-UBP values, which correspond to the difference between Valsalva LPP and maximum urethral closure pressure in clinical urodynamics, would be useful to evaluate the impaired urethral continence function after simulated birth traumas in animal models.

scholarly journals Dual simulated childbirth injury delays anatomic recovery

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (2) ◽  
pp. F277-F283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Q. Pan ◽  
James M. Kerns ◽  
Dan L. Lin ◽  
David Sypert ◽  
James Steward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pudendal Nerve ◽  
Leak Point Pressure ◽  
External Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Bdnf Expression ◽  
Nerve Crush ◽  
Histological Evidence ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Point Pressure ◽  
Urethral Function ◽  
Vaginal Distension

A dual childbirth injury model, including vaginal distension (VD) and pudendal nerve crush (PNC), may best represent the injuries seen clinically. The objective of this study was to investigate urethral function, anatomy, and neurotrophin expression after several simulated childbirth injuries. Groups of 140 rats underwent PNC, VD, PNC+VD, or neither (C). Four days after injury, all injury groups had significantly decreased leak-point pressure (LPP) compared with C rats. Ten days after injury, LPP in PNC and PNC+VD rats remained significantly lower than C rats. Three weeks after injury, LPP in all injury groups had recovered to C values. Histological evidence of injury was still evident in the external urethral sphincter (EUS) after VD and PNC+VD 10 days after injury. Three weeks after injury, the EUS of PNC+VD rats remained disrupted. One day after VD, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the EUS was reduced, while neurotrophin-4 (NT-4) and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression was unchanged. BDNF, NT-4, and NGF expression was dramatically upregulated in the EUS after PNC. After PNC+VD, NGF expression was upregulated, and BDNF and NT-4 expression was upregulated somewhat but not to the same extent as after PNC. Ten days after injury, PNC+VD had the least number of normal nerve fascicles near the EUS, followed by PNC and VD. Twenty-one days after injury, all injury groups had fewer normal nerve fascicles, but without significant differences compared with C rats. PNC+VD therefore provides a more severe injury than PNC or VD alone.

scholarly journals DARAPLADIB INHIBIT ADHESION MOLECULE EXPRESSION IN AORTA AT EARLY STAGES OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS USING SPRAGUE-DAWLEY TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS MODEL

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heriansyah T ◽  
Hanifa H ◽  
Andarini S ◽  
Wihastuti Titin Andri
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adhesion Molecules ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Atherosclerosis Treatment

Objective: Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetes mellitus (DM) can lead an atherosclerosis. The increase of low-density lipoprotein level in DM and atherosclerosis is correlated with lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Lp-PLA2 is an enzyme that produces lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC) and oxidized nonesterified fatty acids. LysoPC regulated inflammation mediators, include cytokines, adhesion molecules (such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1] and intercellular adhesion molecules-1 [ICAM-1]), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) chemotactic. Darapladib is known as a Lp-PLA2 specific inhibitor. It is also considered to be an atherosclerosis treatment. The aim of this study is to know darapladib effect on VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 aorta expression in early stages of atherosclerosis using Sprague-Dawley Type 2 DM (T2DM) model.Methods: About 30 Spraque-Dawley rats are divided into three main groups: Normal, T2DM, and T2DM with darapladib administration group. Each group consists of 2 serials treatment time: 8 and 16 weeks treatment group. Fasting blood glucose, resistance insulin, and lipid profile were measured and analyzed to ensure T2DM model. VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression were measured using double staining immunofluorescence. Each data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA.Results: There is a significant difference in VCAM-1 expression in T2DM group (8 and 16 weeks), with p=0.011 and 0.034 (p<0.05), respectively. Mean while, a significant difference for ICAM-1 only showed in 8 weeks T2DM group with p=0.03 (p<0.05). Moreover, there is a decreasing trend in 16 weeks T2DM group.Conclusion: Our results showed that darapladib can decrease VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 aorta expression in early stages of atherosclerosis using Sprague- Dawley T2DM model. This showed another evidence of darapladib as atherosclerosis treatment.

scholarly journals The Effect of Single and Triple Testicular Biopsy Using Biopty Gun on Spermatogenesis in Pubertal Rats

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1569
Author(s):  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
Ivana Kuzmić Prusac ◽  
Ivan Švagelj ◽  
Anđela Jurišić ◽  
Tomislav Šušnjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Count ◽  
Semen Analysis ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Testicular Biopsy ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Left Testis ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: The aim of this study was to compare consequences in single and triple testicular biopsy by biopty gun in pubertal rats using histological and immunohistochemical analysis. Methods: Thirty-two Sprague-Dawley male rats were used as the experimental model. The rats were randomly divided into three study groups. The rats from the first group (n = 12) received a single-biopsy of upper pole of the left testis, while the rats from the second group (n = 10) received triple-biopsy of upper and lower poles and lateral surface of left testis. The third group (n = 10) was a control group. On the eightieth day after the biopsy in all rats bilateral orchiectomy and funiculectomy were performed to obtain testicular tissue and sperm for analysis. The consequences of the puncture were observed by pathohistology, immunohistochemistry and semen analysis. Results: The results of the study showed lower percentage of sperm count (14.5 mill/mL vs. 16 mill/mL, p = 0.130), sperm motility (24.6% vs. 32.7%, p > 0.05), abnormal sperm (30% vs. 27%, p > 0.05), atrophic tubules (21% vs. 6%, p < 0.001), volume (1.7 mL vs. 2.28 mL, p < 0.01) and apoptotic index (1.56 vs. 1.19, p = 0.650) in the testes with a triple-biopsy compared to the testes with a single-biopsy. Semen analysis showed a borderline significant difference between the group with triple-biopsy where sperm count was lower than it in the control group (14.5 mill/mL vs. 17.5 mill/mL, p = 0.05). A single-biopsy has little effect on the testis, especially on overall fertility. A triple-biopsy showed higher degree of the testicular damage but without a significant impact on overall fertility. Semen analysis showed that single- and triple-biopsies did not have a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology. Conclusion: Biopty gun procedure is a cheap, simple and reliable method for testicular biopsy in rats without a significant effect on sperm count, motility and morphology.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF LEVELS OF ISOLATION, OR VARIETAL DIFFERENCES IN, HIGH FIBRE HULL FRACTION OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEALS ON RAT OR PIG PERFORMANCE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. KENNELLY ◽  
F. X. AHERNE ◽  
A. J. LEWIS
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Gain Ratio ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Daily Gain

Forty-eight crossbred pigs of average initial weight 21 kg were fed 10% Tower rapeseed meal (RSM) and 10% Candle RSM as partial replacements for soybean meal (SBM). Diets were formulated to be isocaloric. Pigs fed the SBM diet consumed less feed, gained significantly (P < 0.01) faster and were more efficient at converting feed to gain than those fed the RSM diets. Performance of pigs fed Candle RSM was not significantly different to that obtained with Tower RSM. In a second experiment, dehulled Tower RSM and Tower RSM hulls were mixed in amounts to produce RSM with crude fibre levels of 6.8, 10.8, 13.5 and 15.8%. The simulated RSM and Tower and Candle RSM were used to completely replace SBM in the diets of weanling (75 g) Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats fed SBM had significantly (P < 0.05) higher average daily gain (ADG) than those fed Tower or Candle RSM, or diets containing the rapeseed meats. There was no significant (P < 0.05) difference in ADG, feed intake or feed to gain ratio of rats fed either Tower or Candle RSM. Feed intake, feed to gain ratio and fecal volatile fatty acid concentrations increased while average daily gain decreased with increasing level of hulls in simulated RSM diets. There was no significant difference (P < 0.05) in thyroid weight between rats fed SBM, Tower RSM or Candle RSM.

scholarly journals ANTI-HYPERLIPIDEMIC ACTIVITY OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BOESENBERGIA PANDURATA (FINGER ROOT) IN EXPERIMENTAL INDUCED HYPERCHOLESTROLEMIC SPRAGUE DAWLEY RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Santosh Fattepur ◽  
Kiran Chanabasappa Nilugal ◽  
Ranya Rajendran ◽  
Fadli Asmani ◽  
Eddy Yusuf
Keyword(s):  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Hyperlipidemia is one of the risk factors that contribute to the prevalence of coronary heart diseases and antihyperlipidemic agents, such as statin, was used to treat hyperlipidemia as a current therapy. Boesenbergia pandurata has not been exploited for antihyperlipidemic effect. Hence, this study aims to screen for the antihyperlipidemic activity of methanolic extracts of B. pandurata rhizomes (BPR extracts) in hypercholesterolemia-induced Sprague-Dawley rats.Methods: BPR extracts were prepared using the maceration method with 1500 ml of 80% methanol at room temperature for about 7 days. A toxicity study was carried out based on OECD guidelines. Hypercholesterolemia was induced by 6% lard oil, 2% of cheese, and egg yolks. Two different doses of BPR extracts, 200 and 400 mg/kg, were used to screen for antihyperlipidemic effect. Histopathological study was carried out in the liver. The results were evaluated for the statistically significant difference by using the one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc Dunnett test.Results: No mortality was witnessed even till 2 g/kg. Only 400 mg/kg of BPR extracts statistically reduced in total cholesterol (p<0.05), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p<0.05) and an increase in high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (p<0.05) when compared to the positive control. BPR extracts (400 mg/kg) showed less enlargement of lipid droplets as compared to positive control.Conclusion: BPR extracts can be a promising medicinal plant for treating hyperlipidemia in underdeveloped countries.

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