scholarly journals Nitrogen species specific phosphorus mineralization in temperate floodplain soils

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary R. Arenberg ◽  
Yuji Arai
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Agricultural Runoff ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Floodplain Soils ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Analysis ◽  
Phosphorus Mineralization ◽  
P Mineralization ◽  
Species Specific

AbstractAs an essential component of enzymes, higher N availability from agricultural runoff to forest soils may boost the activity of phosphatase, increasing the bioavailability of phosphate. The objective of this study was to evaluate P mineralization rates in temperate floodplain soils as a function of inorganic N species (i.e., ammonium and nitrate) and amendment rate (1.5–3.5 g N kg−1). Accordingly, the soil was amended with nitrate and ammonium, and P dynamics were monitored during a 40-day incubation. The addition of ammonium significantly boosted acid and alkaline phosphatase activity by 1.39 and 1.44 µmol p-nitrophenol P (pNP) g−1 h−1, respectively. The degree of increase was positively correlated with the amendment rate. Likewise, the P mineralization rate increased by 0.27 mg P kg−1 in the 3.5 g N kg−1 ammonium treatment. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis further supported the reduction in organic orthophosphate diesters on day 30. Meanwhile, the addition of nitrate promoted P mineralization to a lesser degree but did not increase phosphatase activity. While floodplain soils have great potential to sequester anthropogenic P, high availability of inorganic N, especially ammonium, could promote P mineralization, potentially increasing P fertility and/or reducing P the sequestration capacity of floodplain soils.

Impact of tillage and landscape position on nitrogen availability and yield of spring wheat in the Brown soil zone in southwestern Saskatchewan

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-572 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Jowkin ◽  
J. J. Schoenau
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
No Till ◽  
Crop N Uptake

Nitrogen availability to a spring wheat crop was examined in the cropping season in a side-by-side comparison of no-till (first year) and tillage fallow in an undulating farm field in the Brown soil zone in southwestern Saskatchewan. Thirty different sampling points along a grid in each tillage landscape were randomly selected, representing 10 each of shoulder, footslope and level landscape positions. Nitrogen availability was studied i) by profile inorganic N content ii) by crop N uptake and yield of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and iii) by 15N tracer technique and in situ burial of anion exchange resin membranes (AEM).Pre-seeding available moisture content of the surface soil samples was significantly higher under no-till compared with tillage fallow. However, no significant differences in pre-seeding profile total inorganic N, crop N uptake and yield were observed between the treatments. At the landform scale, shoulder positions of the respective tillage systems had lower profile inorganic N, crop N uptake and yield compared with other slope positions. Soil N supply power, as determined by 15N tracer and AEM techniques, was not significantly different between the tillage treatments, indicating that N availability is not likely to be greatly affected in initial years by switching to no-till fallow in these soils under normal moisture conditions. Key words: Summerfallow, landscape, nitrogen, wheat

scholarly journals Nitrate and Ammonium Affect the Overall Maize Response to Nitrogen Availability by Triggering Specific and Common Transcriptional Signatures in Roots

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Ravazzolo ◽  
Sara Trevisan ◽  
Cristian Forestan ◽  
Serena Varotto ◽  
Stefania Sut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Availability ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Inorganic N ◽  
Comprehensive Information ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Distinct Features ◽  
Maize Response ◽  
Amino Acid Concentrations

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for crops. Plants have developed several responses to N fluctuations, thus optimizing the root architecture in response to N availability. Nitrate and ammonium are the main inorganic N forms taken up by plants, and act as both nutrients and signals, affecting gene expression and plant development. In this study, RNA-sequencing was applied to gain comprehensive information on the pathways underlying the response of maize root, pre-treated in an N-deprived solution, to the provision of nitrate or ammonium. The analysis of the transcriptome shows that nitrate and ammonium regulate overlapping and distinct pathways, thus leading to different responses. Ammonium activates the response to stress, while nitrate acts as a negative regulator of transmembrane transport. Both the N-source repress genes related to the cytoskeleton and reactive oxygen species detoxification. Moreover, the presence of ammonium induces the accumulation of anthocyanins, while also reducing biomass and chlorophyll and flavonoids accumulation. Furthermore, the later physiological effects of these nutrients were evaluated through the assessment of shoot and root growth, leaf pigment content and the amino acid concentrations in root and shoot, confirming the existence of common and distinct features in response to the two nitrogen forms.

Monitoring of the inorganic polyphosphate accumulation and acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in Cunninghamella elegans strains using factorial design

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana de Oliveira Franco ◽  
Thayza Christina Montenegro Stamford ◽  
Marcos Antônio Barbosa de Lima ◽  
Rita de Cassia Carvalho Maia ◽  
Tânia Lúcia Montenegro Stamford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Cunninghamella Elegans ◽  
Inorganic Polyphosphate ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Polyphosphate Accumulation

scholarly journals HISTOCHEMICAL DEMONSTRATION OF ACID PHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY IN OSTEOCLASTS

1959 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. BURSTONE
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Acid Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Azo Dye ◽  
Histochemical Demonstration ◽  
Accurate Localization ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cold Acetone

High acid phosphatase activity was observed in osteoclasts of several species using a reproducible azo-dye technique. High activity of two distinct enzymes, acid and alkaline phosphatase, are associated with osteoclasts and osteoblasts respectivey. Althouth frozen-dried tissues are recommended for definitive studies, the enzyme techniques used give satisfactory results with cold acetone-fixed tissues. The most accurate localization of acid phosphatase in osteoclasts in controlled comparative studies is obtained with double-embedded frozen-dried undecalcified tissues in conjunction with naphthol AS-phosphates.

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