scholarly journals Thermal discharge-induced seawater warming alters richness, community composition and interactions of bacterioplankton assemblages in a coastal ecosystem

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meora Rajeev ◽  
T. J. Sushmitha ◽  
Chairmandurai Aravindraja ◽  
Subba Rao Toleti ◽  
Shunmugiah Karutha Pandian
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Species Interactions ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Thermal Discharge ◽  
Marine Bacterioplankton ◽  
The Impact

AbstractDespite accumulating evidence on the impact of global climate warming on marine microbes, how increasing seawater temperature influences the marine bacterioplankton communities is elusive. As temperature gradient created by thermal discharges provides a suitable in situ model to study the influence of warming on marine microorganisms, surface seawater were sampled consecutively for one year (September-2016 to August-2017) from the control (unimpacted) and thermal discharge-impacted areas of a coastal power plant, located in India. The bacterioplankton community differences between control (n = 16) and thermal discharge-impacted (n = 26) areas, as investigated using 16S rRNA gene tag sequencing revealed reduced richness and varied community composition at thermal discharge-impacted areas. The relative proportion of Proteobacteria was found to be higher (average ~ 15%) while, Bacteroidetes was lower (average ~ 10%) at thermal discharge-impacted areas. Intriguingly, thermal discharge-impacted areas were overrepresented by several potential pathogenic bacterial genera (e.g. Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Sulfitobacter, Vibrio) and other native marine genera (e.g. Marinobacter, Pseudoalteromonas, Alteromonas, Pseudidiomarina, Halomonas). Further, co-occurrence networks demonstrated that complexity and connectivity of networks were altered in warming condition. Altogether, results indicated that increasing temperature has a profound impact on marine bacterioplankton richness, community composition, and inter-species interactions. Our findings are immensely important in forecasting the consequences of future climate changes especially, ocean warming on marine microbiota.

scholarly journals Impacts of near‑future ocean warming on microbial community composition of the stomach of the soft‑bottom sea star Luidia clathrata (Say) (Echinodermata: Asteroidea)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle D Curtis ◽  
Casey D Morrow ◽  
James B McClintock
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
Microbial Community Composition ◽  
Experimental Temperature ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Soft Bottom ◽  
Cardiac Stomach ◽  
Luidia Clathrata ◽  
The Impact

Abstract There is growing evidence that environmental changes caused by climate change can impact the microbiome of marine invertebrates. Such changes can have important implications for the overall health of the host. In the present study we investigated the impact of chronic exposure to an ambient (28°C) and a predicted mid- (30°C) and end-of-century (32°C) seawater temperature on microbiome modification in tissues of the cardiac stomach of the abundant predatory sea star Luidia clathrata collected in September 2018 from Apalachee Bay, Florida (29°58’N, 84°19’W) in the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Diversity (Shannon index) was lowest among the microbial community of stomach tissue when compared to the microbiome of the artificial sea star feed, and aquarium sand and seawater across all three experimental temperature treatments. Moreover, the stomach microbial community composition was distinct between each of the four sample types. Exposure to the highest experimental temperature treatment (32°C) resulted in a significant modification of the composition of the microbial community in stomach and sand samples, but not in seawater samples when compared to those from the current mean ambient GOM temperature (28°C). Importantly, at the most elevated temperature the stomach microbiome shifted from a Vibrio sp. dominated community to a more diverse community with higher proportions of additional taxa including Delftia sp. and Pseudomonas sp. This microbiome shift could impact the digestive functionality and ultimately the health of L. clathrata, a key soft-bottom predator in the northern GOM.

scholarly journals Impact of Nitrate on the Structure and Function of Bacterial Biofilm Communities in Pipelines Used for Injection of Seawater into Oil Fields

2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 2841-2851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten U. Schwermer ◽  
Gaute Lavik ◽  
Raeid M. M. Abed ◽  
Braden Dunsmore ◽  
Timothy G. Ferdelman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Metal Surface ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Uniform Corrosion ◽  
Redox Potentials ◽  
Fractionation Analysis ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT We studied the impact of NO3 − on the bacterial community composition, diversity, and function in in situ industrial, anaerobic biofilms by combining microsensor profiling, 15N and 35S labeling, and 16S rRNA gene-based fingerprinting. Biofilms were grown on carbon steel coupons within a system designed to treat seawater for injection into an oil field for pressurized oil recovery. NO3 − was added to the seawater in an attempt to prevent bacterial H2S generation and microbially influenced corrosion in the field. Microprofiling of nitrogen compounds and redox potential inside the biofilms showed that the zone of highest metabolic activity was located close to the metal surface, correlating with a high bacterial abundance in this zone. Upon addition, NO3 − was mainly reduced to NO2 −. In biofilms grown in the absence of NO3 −, redox potentials of <−450 mV at the metal surface suggested the release of Fe2+. NO3 − addition to previously untreated biofilms induced a decline (65%) in bacterial species richness, with Methylophaga- and Colwellia-related sequences having the highest number of obtained clones in the clone library. In contrast, no changes in community composition and potential NO3 − reduction occurred upon subsequent withdrawal of NO3 −. Active sulfate reduction was below detection levels in all biofilms, but S isotope fractionation analysis of sulfide deposits suggested that it must have occurred either at low rates or episodically. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that pitting corrosion occurred on all coupons, independent of the treatment. However, uniform corrosion was clearly mitigated by NO3 − addition.

scholarly journals On a Reef Far, Far Away: Anthropogenic Impacts Following Extreme Storms Affect Sponge Health and Bacterial Communities

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Shore ◽  
Jordan A. Sims ◽  
Michael Grimes ◽  
Lauren I. Howe-Kerr ◽  
Carsten G. B. Grupstra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Anthropogenic Impacts ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climate Change Impacts ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Benthic Organisms ◽  
Severe Storms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Offshore Reef

Terrestrial runoff can negatively impact marine ecosystems through stressors including excess nutrients, freshwater, sediments, and contaminants. Severe storms, which are increasing with global climate change, generate massive inputs of runoff over short timescales (hours to days); such runoff impacted offshore reefs in the northwest Gulf of Mexico (NW GoM) following severe storms in 2016 and 2017. Several weeks after coastal flooding from these events, NW GoM reef corals, sponges, and other benthic invertebrates ∼185 km offshore experienced mortality (2016 only) and/or sub-lethal stress (both years). To assess the impact of storm-derived runoff on reef filter feeders, we characterized the bacterial communities of two sponges, Agelas clathrodes and Xestospongia muta, from offshore reefs during periods of sub-lethal stress and no stress over a three-year period (2016—2018). Sponge-associated and seawater-associated bacterial communities were altered during both flood years. Additionally, we found evidence of wastewater contamination (based on 16S rRNA gene libraries and quantitative PCR) in offshore sponge samples, but not in seawater samples, following these flood years. Signs of wastewater contamination were absent during the no-flood year. We show that flood events from severe storms have the capacity to reach offshore reef ecosystems and impact resident benthic organisms. Such impacts are most readily detected if baseline data on organismal physiology and associated microbiome composition are available. This highlights the need for molecular and microbial time series of benthic organisms in near- and offshore reef ecosystems, and the continued mitigation of stormwater runoff and climate change impacts.

scholarly journals The impact of persistent bacterial bronchitis on the pulmonary microbiome of children

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Cuthbertson ◽  
Vanessa Craven ◽  
Lynne Bingle ◽  
William O.C.M. Cookson ◽  
Mark L. Everard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Diversity ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Microbial Community Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPersistent bacterial bronchitis is a leading cause of chronic wet cough in young children. This study aimed to characterise the respiratory bacterial microbiota of healthy children and to assess the impact of the changes associated with the development of persistent bacterial bronchitis.Blind, protected brushings were obtained from 20 healthy controls and 24 children with persistent bacterial bronchitis, with an additional directed sample obtained from persistent bacterial bronchitis patients. DNA was extracted, quantified using a 16S rRNA gene quantitative PCR assay prior to microbial community analysis by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.No significant difference in bacterial diversity or community composition (R2 = 0.01, P = 0.36) was observed between paired blind and non-blind brushes, showing that blind brushings are a valid means of accessing the airway microbiota. This has important implications for collecting lower respiratory samples from healthy children. A significant decrease in bacterial diversity (P < 0.001) and change in community composition (R2 = 0.08, P = 0.004) was observed between controls and patients. Bacterial communities within patients with PBB were dominated by Proteobacteria, and indicator species analysis showed that Haemophilus and Neisseria were significantly associated with the patient group. In 15 (52.9%) cases the dominant organism by sequencing was not identified by standard routine clinical culture.The bacteria present in the lungs of patients with persistent bacterial bronchitis were less diverse in terms of richness and evenness. The results validate the clinical diagnosis, and suggest that more attention to bacterial communities in children with chronic cough may lead to more rapid recognition of this condition with earlier treatment and reduction in disease burden.

scholarly journals The Effects of Earthworms on Fungal Diversity and Community Structure in Farmland Soil With Returned Straw

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Song ◽  
Yafei Sun ◽  
Qin Qin ◽  
Lijuan Sun ◽  
Xianqing Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Carbon ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Farmland Soil ◽  
Straw Return ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundTo promote the decomposition of returned straw, reduce the incidence of soil-borne diseases caused by returned straw, and accelerate the conversion of straw carbon into soil carbon, we inoculated earthworms into fields with returned straw. The earthworms accelerated straw degradation and promoted carbon conversion. However, the impact of externally inoculated earthworms on the farmland soil ecosystem, especially the structure and the function of its microbial community, remains unclear.MethodsWe analyzed the effects of straw return and earthworms on the diversity of fungal populations and the community structure of dominant fungal taxa in soil by quantifying fungal population size and community composition via PCR amplification of internal transcribed spacer genes and 18S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsThe results showed that earthworm inoculation significantly accelerated the degradation of rice straw and promoted the conversion of straw carbon to soil carbon. Both fungal abundance and α-diversity (Sobs and Shannon indices) were higher in the plots with surface straw but without earthworms than in those inoculated with earthworms and in the CK. Principal component analysis indicated that straw return increased the diversity and the abundance of the fungal community, whereas earthworms inhibited this expansion of the fungal community caused by straw return. Interestingly, the overall differences in fungal community composition were smallest in plots with straw return, while the dominant fungal community features in plots inoculated with earthworms were closer to those of the CK.ConclusionGenerally, straw return stimulated unclassified_K_fungi, Pseudeurotium, and Fusarium with strong cellulolytic ability. In contrast, the abundances of Stachybotrys, unclassified_c_Sordariomycetes, unclassified_f_Lasiosphaeriaceae, and Schizothecium were higher in the plots inoculated with earthworms and in the CK. Furthermore, evolutionary analysis showed that the evolution of soil fungal communities tended to diverge after straw return, and the evolutionary directions of fungal species in the plots inoculated with earthworms were similar to those in the CK.

scholarly journals Host-specific symbioses and the microbial prey of a pelagic tunicate (Pyrosoma atlanticum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne W. Thompson ◽  
Anna C. Ward ◽  
Carey P. Sweeney ◽  
Kelly R. Sutherland
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Food Webs ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Marine Microorganisms ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
California Current System ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
Marine Food ◽  
Marine Microbial Communities ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPyrosomes are widely distributed pelagic tunicates that have the potential to reshape marine food webs when they bloom. However, their grazing preferences and interactions with the background microbial community are poorly understood. This is the first study of the marine microorganisms associated with pyrosomes undertaken to improve the understanding of pyrosome biology, the impact of pyrosome blooms on marine microbial systems, and microbial symbioses with marine animals. The diversity, relative abundance, and taxonomy of pyrosome-associated microorganisms were compared to seawater during a Pyrosoma atlanticum bloom in the Northern California Current System using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, microscopy, and flow cytometry. We found that pyrosomes harbor a microbiome distinct from the surrounding seawater, which was dominated by a few novel taxa. In addition to the dominant taxa, numerous more rare pyrosome-specific microbial taxa were recovered. Multiple bioluminescent taxa were present in pyrosomes, which may be a source of the iconic pyrosome luminescence. We also discovered free-living marine microorganisms in association with pyrosomes, suggesting that pyrosome feeding impacts all microbial size classes but preferentially removes larger eukaryotic taxa. This study demonstrates that microbial symbionts and microbial prey are central to pyrosome biology. In addition to pyrosome impacts on higher trophic level marine food webs, the work suggests that pyrosomes also alter marine food webs at the microbial level through feeding and seeding of the marine microbial communities with their symbionts. Future efforts to predict pyrosome blooms, and account for their ecosystem impacts, should consider pyrosome interactions with marine microbial communities.

scholarly journals Large Variabilities in Host Strain Susceptibility and Phage Host Range Govern Interactions between Lytic Marine Phages and Their Flavobacterium Hosts

2007 ◽  
Vol 73 (21) ◽  
pp. 6730-6739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Holmfeldt ◽  
Mathias Middelboe ◽  
Ole Nybroe ◽  
Lasse Riemann
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Marine Bacterioplankton ◽  
Phylogenetic Resolution

ABSTRACT Phages are a main mortality factor for marine bacterioplankton and are thought to regulate bacterial community composition through host-specific infection and lysis. In the present study we demonstrate for a marine phage-host assemblage that interactions are complex and that specificity and efficiency of infection and lysis are highly variable among phages infectious to strains of the same bacterial species. Twenty-three Bacteroidetes strains and 46 phages from Swedish and Danish coastal waters were analyzed. Based on genotypic and phenotypic analyses, 21 of the isolates could be considered strains of Cellulophaga baltica (Flavobacteriaceae). Nevertheless, all bacterial strains showed unique phage susceptibility patterns and differed by up to 6 orders of magnitude in sensitivity to the same titer of phage. The isolated phages showed pronounced variations in genome size (8 to >242 kb) and host range (infecting 1 to 20 bacterial strains). Our data indicate that marine bacterioplankton are susceptible to multiple co-occurring phages and that sensitivity towards phage infection is strain specific and exists as a continuum between highly sensitive and resistant, implying an extremely complex web of phage-host interactions. Hence, effects of phages on bacterioplankton community composition and dynamics may go undetected in studies where strain identity is not resolvable, i.e., in studies based on the phylogenetic resolution provided by 16S rRNA gene or internal transcribed spacer sequences.

scholarly journals Gut microbiota alterations in response to sleep length among African-origin adults

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. e0255323
Author(s):  
Na Fei ◽  
Candice Choo-Kang ◽  
Sirimon Reutrakul ◽  
Stephanie J. Crowley ◽  
Dale Rae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Sleep Length ◽  
The Impact

Sleep disorders are increasingly being characterized in modern society as contributing to a host of serious medical problems, including obesity and metabolic syndrome. Changes to the microbial community in the human gut have been reportedly associated with many of these cardiometabolic outcomes. In this study, we investigated the impact of sleep length on the gut microbiota in a large cohort of 655 participants of African descent, aged 25–45, from Ghana, South Africa (SA), Jamaica, and the United States (US). The sleep duration was self-reported via a questionnaire. Participants were classified into 3 sleep groups: short (<7hrs), normal (7-<9hrs), and long (≥9hrs). Forty-seven percent of US participants were classified as short sleepers and 88% of SA participants as long sleepers. Gut microbial composition analysis (16S rRNA gene sequencing) revealed that bacterial alpha diversity negatively correlated with sleep length (p<0.05). Furthermore, sleep length significantly contributed to the inter-individual beta diversity dissimilarity in gut microbial composition (p<0.01). Participants with both short and long-sleep durations exhibited significantly higher abundances of several taxonomic features, compared to normal sleep duration participants. The predicted relative proportion of two genes involved in the butyrate synthesis via lysine pathway were enriched in short sleep duration participants. Finally, co-occurrence relationships revealed by network analysis showed unique interactions among the short, normal and long duration sleepers. These results suggest that sleep length in humans may alter gut microbiota by driving population shifts of the whole microbiota and also specific changes in Exact Sequence Variants abundance, which may have implications for chronic inflammation associated diseases. The current findings suggest a possible relationship between disrupted sleep patterns and the composition of the gut microbiota. Prospective investigations in larger and more prolonged sleep researches and causally experimental studies are needed to confirm these findings, investigate the underlying mechanism and determine whether improving microbial homeostasis may buffer against sleep-related health decline in humans.

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