scholarly journals The small-world network of global protests

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo N. Ferreira ◽  
Inho Hong ◽  
Alex Rutherford ◽  
Manuel Cebrian
Keyword(s):  
Small World ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Cascade Process ◽  
Topological Feature ◽  
Small World Network ◽  
Temporal Network ◽  
Temporal Networks ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Path Lengths

AbstractProtest diffusion is a cascade process that can spread over different regions of the planet. The way and the extension that this phenomenon can occur is still not properly understood. Here, we empirically investigate this question using protest data from GDELT and ICEWS, two of the most extensive and longest-running data sets freely available. We divide the globe into grid cells and construct a temporal network for each data set where nodes represent cells and links are established between nodes if their protest events co-occur. We show that the temporal networks are small-world, indicating that the cells are directly linked or separated by a few steps on average. Furthermore, the average path lengths are decreasing through the years, which suggests that the world is becoming “smaller”. The persistent temporal hubs present in both data sets indicate that protests can spread faster through the hubs. This topological feature is consistent with the hypothesis that protests can quickly diffuse from one region to any other part of the globe.

In Situ Diffraction Studies: Thermal Decomposition of a Natural Plumbojarosite and the Development of Rietveld-Based Data Analysis Techniques

2010 ◽  
Vol 651 ◽  
pp. 37-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian C. Madsen ◽  
Ian E. Grey ◽  
Stuart J. Mills
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Amorphous Material ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Data Set ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
Instrument Configuration

A study of the thermal decomposition sequence of a sample of natural arsenian plumbojarosite has been undertaken using in situ X-ray diffraction. The sample was heated to 900°C using an Anton-Paar heating stage fitted to an INEL CPS120 diffractometer. The data were analysed using a whole-pattern, Rietveld based approach for the extraction of quantitative phase abundances. The instrument configuration used required the development and application of algorithms to correct for aberrations in the (i) peak intensities due to differing path lengths of incident and diffracted beams in the sample and (ii) peak positions due to sample displacement. Details of the structural models used were refined at selected steps in the pattern and then fixed for subsequent analysis. The data sequence consists of some 110 individual data sets which were analysed sequentially with the output of each run forming the input for analysis of the next data set. The results of the analysis show a complex breakdown and recrystallisation sequence including the formation of a major amount of amorphous material after initial breakdown of the plumbojarosite.

scholarly journals Data Analyses of European Soccer

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiou Wang
Keyword(s):  
Poisson Distribution ◽  
Data Visualization ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Basic Information ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Public ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
The World ◽  
Skellam Distribution ◽  
User Friendly

<p>Using European soccer data sets, which contain data related to common European soccer leagues, players basic information, and teams’ goals, etc., this paper analyzes the characteristics of European soccer and players, explores data visualization regarding European soccer, and makes predictions of results of matches. Based on Python 3 and some of the packages inside, such as numpy, the author improves the data set to make it clear and user-friendly. Visualizations of data and basic statistics, including Poisson Distribution, are then utilized to determine the results. Finally, this paper analyzes the attacking and defending abilities of different leagues and teams in Europe, ascertains distributions of players’ attributes, and predicts match results by using Poisson distribution and Skellam Distribution. Generally, this paper analyzes data from leagues to matches to players. All these analyses are meaningful for the public to understand the characteristics of European soccer and the world behind the numbers.</p>

scholarly journals WorldFlora: An R package for exact and fuzzy matching of plant names against the World Flora Online Taxonomic Backbone data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roeland Kindt
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
R Package ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Plant Names ◽  
The World ◽  
Fuzzy Matching ◽  
Timber Tree

ABSTRACTPremise of the studyStandardization of plant names is a critical step in various fields of biology including biodiversity, biogeography and vegetation research. WorldFlora matches lists of plant names with a static copy from World Flora Online (WFO), an ongoing global effort of completing an online flora of all known vascular plants and bryophytes by 2020.Methods and resultsBased on direct and fuzzy matching, WorldFlora inserts matching cases from the WFO to a submitted data set of with taxa. Results of selecting the expected best single matches are presented for four data sets, including a working list of commercial timber tree species, a subset from GlobalTreeSearch and 2 data sets used in previous comparisons of software tools for correcting taxon names. The success rate of credible matches varied from 94.7 (568 taxa) to 99.9 (1740 taxa) percent.ConclusionsWorldFlora offers a straightforward pipeline for semi-automatic plant name checking.

The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP): The First Project of the World Climate Research Programme

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 779-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Schiffer ◽  
W. B. Rossow
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Radiation Budget ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Cloud Data ◽  
Climate Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Radiance Data

The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) has been approved as the first project of the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) and will begin its operational phase in July 1983. Its basic objective is to collect and analyze satellite radiance data to infer the global distribution of cloud radiative properties in order to improve the modeling of cloud effects on climate. ISCCP has two components, operational and research. The operational component takes advantage of the global coverage provided by the current and planned international array of geostationary and polar-orbiting meteorological satellites during the 1980s to produce a five-year global satellite radiance and cloud data set. The main and most important characteristic of these data will be their globally uniform coverage of various indices of cloud cover. The research component of ISCCP will coordinate studies to validate the climatology, to improve cloud analysis algorithms, to improve modeling of cloud effects in climate models, and to investigate the role of clouds in the atmosphere's radiation budget and hydrologic cycle. Validation will involve comparative measurements at a number of test areas selected as representative of major (or difficult) cloud types and meteorological conditions. Complimentary efforts within the framework of WCRP will promote the use of the resulting ISCCP data sets in climate research.

scholarly journals Still a Small World? University Course Enrollment Networks before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim A Weeden ◽  
Benjamin Cornwell ◽  
Barum Park
Keyword(s):  
Short Path ◽  
Small World ◽  
College Campus ◽  
Instructional Model ◽  
Small World Network ◽  
Network Ties ◽  
Course Enrollment ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Path Lengths ◽  
University Course

In normal times, the network ties that connect students on a college campus are an asset; during a pandemic, they can become a liability. Using pre-pandemic data from Cornell University, Weeden and Cornwell showed how co-enrollment in classes creates a “small world” network with high clustering, short path lengths, and multiple independent pathways connecting students. In this paper, we show how the structure of the enrollment network changed as Cornell, like many American colleges and universities, shifted to a hybrid instructional model with some courses online and others in person. Under this model, about half of students are disconnected from the in-person co-enrollment network. In this network, paths lengthened, the share of student pairs connected by three or fewer degrees of separation declined, and clustering increased, with a greater share of ties occurring between students in the same field. The small world became both less connected and more fragmented. (Corrected page proofs. Paper is forthcoming in Sociological Science.)

scholarly journals Type Ib/c Supernovae with and without Gamma-Ray Bursts

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (S279) ◽  
pp. 207-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Modjaz
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Gamma Ray Bursts ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Outstanding Question ◽  
Promising Line ◽  
Very High

AbstractWhile the connection between Long Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) and Type Ib/c Supernovae (SNe Ib/c) from stripped stars has been well-established, one key outstanding question is what conditions and factors lead to each kind of explosion in massive stripped stars. One promising line of attack is to investigate what sets apart SNe Ib/c with GRBs from those without GRBs. Here, I briefly present two observational studies that probe the SN properties and the environmental metallicities of SNe Ib/c (specifically broad-lined SNe Ic) with and without GRBs. I present an analysis of expansion velocities based on published spectra and on the homogeneous spectroscopic CfA data set of over 70 SNe of Types IIb, Ib, Ic and Ic-bl, which triples the world supply of well-observed Stripped SNe. Moreover, I demonstrate that a meta-analysis of the three published SN 1b/c metallicity data sets when including only values at the SN positions to probe natal oxygen abundances, indicates at very high significance that indeed SNe Ic erupt from more metal-rich environments than SNe Ib, while SNe Ic-bl with GRBs still prefer, on average, more metal-poor sites than those without GRBs.

Enabling and Managing Greater Access to Transport Data Through Metadata

2002 ◽  
Vol 1804 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Wigan ◽  
Margaret Grieco ◽  
Julian Mine
Keyword(s):  
Great Benefit ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Data Intensive ◽  
User Communities ◽  
Xml Document ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
High Level

MetadatA—information about data sets—allow clear understanding of exactly what the elements and structure of a given data set entail. Metadata in conjunction with XML-based specifications, schemas, and tools allow a high level of automated and validated interworking between different types and sources of data. This is an issue of emerging importance to transportation, traffic, and planning, and the communities they serve, as these areas are all data intensive but with very different views of the world. The potential of this linkage is outlined, and a progression is made through a simple example metadata specification for nonmotorized transport, the agreements developed by the geospatial community for geographic data and the transport layers within them, and the formal XML document. The XML specification and validation approach now makes possible and practical a more effective and more accessible use of the information in the multiple fields linked through their involvement in transportation. The key outcome required is a vocabulary (or integrated vocabularies) of globally agreed-upon metadata element definitions for the various fields in and overlapping transportation. The advent of formal document specifications of which XML is a widely used example would then allow a significant expansion of the accessibility, use, and reuse of such data to the great benefit of the user, policy, and analysis user communities.

Rotational Characteristics of the Green Solar Corona: 1947-1991

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 139-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Rybák ◽  
V. Rušin ◽  
M. Rybanský
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
World Wide ◽  
Rotation Period ◽  
Original Data ◽  
Coronal Emission ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronal Emission Line ◽  
Homogeneous Data

AbstractFe XIV 530.3 nm coronal emission line observations have been used for the estimation of the green solar corona rotation. A homogeneous data set, created from measurements of the world-wide coronagraphic network, has been examined with a help of correlation analysis to reveal the averaged synodic rotation period as a function of latitude and time over the epoch from 1947 to 1991.The values of the synodic rotation period obtained for this epoch for the whole range of latitudes and a latitude band ±30° are 27.52±0.12 days and 26.95±0.21 days, resp. A differential rotation of green solar corona, with local period maxima around ±60° and minimum of the rotation period at the equator, was confirmed. No clear cyclic variation of the rotation has been found for examinated epoch but some monotonic trends for some time intervals are presented.A detailed investigation of the original data and their correlation functions has shown that an existence of sufficiently reliable tracers is not evident for the whole set of examinated data. This should be taken into account in future more precise estimations of the green corona rotation period.

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