scholarly journals Breast cancer patients with isolated bone metastases and oligometastatic bone disease show different survival outcomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baha Zengel ◽  
Mustafa Kilic ◽  
Funda Tasli ◽  
Cenk Simsek ◽  
Murat Karatas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Locoregional Therapy ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

AbstractIn this study, we planned to investigate the clinical course of patients with breast cancer with oligometastatic bone disease (OMBD). The patients were grouped according to the characteristics and the sites of metastases. Group I included 928 patients without metastasis. Group II, the OMBD group, included 68 patients. Group III, the widespread metastasis group, comprised 185 patients with multiple bone metastases and/or solid organ metastases. The mean overall survival of the groups was 16.7 ± 0.3 years in group 1, and 7.8 ± 0.8 and 5.9 ± 0.4 years in groups 2 and 3, respectively (p < 0.001 for the comparison of all three groups together; p < 0.001 for group 1 vs. 2 and 3) and (p = 0.037 for group 2 vs. group 3). In the subgroup survival analysis of patients in group 2 (OMBD), the mean and median survival was 5.5 ± 0.8 and 4.0 ± 0.8 years vs. 9.2 ± 0.98 and 9.0 ± 1.05 years in patients with more than one bone metastasis and single bone metastasis, respectively (p = 0.019). OMBD seems to be a different disease than breast cancer with isolated bone metastases. The high risk of developing OMBD, especially following locoregional recurrence, increases the importance of locoregional therapy in large T and N stage tumors.

scholarly journals Solitary Bone Metastasis and Oligometastatic Bone Disease in Breast Cancer: Are They Two Different Entities?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baha Zengel ◽  
Mustafa Kilic ◽  
Funda Tasli ◽  
Cenk Simsek ◽  
Murat Karatas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Locoregional Therapy ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract In this study, we planned to investigate the clinical course of breast cancer patients with oligometastatic bone disease (OMBD).The patients were grouped according to the characteristics and the sites of metastases. Group I included 928 patients without metastasis. Group II, OMBD group, icluded 68 patients. Group III, widespread metastasis group, consisted of 185 patients with multiple bone metastases and/or solid organ metastases.The mean overall survival of the groups were 16.7 ± 0.3 years in Group 1, and 7.8 ± 0.8 and 5.9 ± 0.4 years in Group 2 and 3, respectively (p<0,001 for the comparison of all three groups together; p <0.001 for Group 1 vs 2 & 3) and (p=0.037 for Group 2 vs. Group 3). In the subgroup survival analysis of patients in Group 2 (OMBD), the mean and median survival were 5.5 ± 0.8 and 4.0±0.8 years versus 9.2 ± 0.98 and 9.0 ±1.05 years in more than one bone metastasis and SBM patients, respectively (p = 0.019).As a result; OMBD seems to be a different disease than breast cancer with isolated bone metastases. The high risk of developing OMBD especially following locoregional recurrences increases the importance of locoregional therapy in large T and N stage tumors.

Serum activinA and TGF-β as biomarkers of breast cancer bone metastasis behavior.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10620-10620
Author(s):  
Christina L. Addison ◽  
Nathaniel Bouganim ◽  
Huijun Zhao ◽  
Lisa Vandermeer ◽  
Sasha Mazzarello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Bone Disease ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Metastatic Bone Disease ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Bone Resorption Marker ◽  
The Government

10620 Background: Bisphosphonates (BP) are prescribed to pts with metastatic bone disease every 3-4 weeks regardless of individual risk for skeletal related events (SREs). In an era of personalized medicine this “one size fits all” approach is not appropriate and novel markers of SRE risk are required. TRIUMPH is an ongoing clinical trial evaluating 12 weekly IV BP therapy for 1 year in women with low risk bone metastases from breast cancer (BC) as defined by the bone resorption marker C-telopeptide (CTx,) levels <600 ng/L. This sub-study evaluated the utility of novel biomarkers in better predicting the risk of developing SREs. Methods: Serum obtained from pts at baseline and 6 weeks post-entry were analyzed for tumor growth factor-β (TGF-β) and activinA levels by ELISA (sensitivity ~15-30 pg/ml). Levels were correlated with pt parameters including time to development of bone metastasis, and number of previous SREs using linear regression analysis. Changes in levels of biomarkers from baseline to 6 weeks were used to calculate odds ratios using logistic regression analysis. Results: Baseline activinA correlated with baseline CTx and bone specific alkaline phosphatase (p=0.004 and p<0.0001 respectively). Baseline activinA also correlated with weight (p=0.02), BMI (p=0.007) and trended towards total number of prior SREs (p=0.07). Baseline TGF-β correlated with pt age (p=0.02), weight (0.006), BMI (p=0.0005) and duration of metastatic bone disease (p=0.004), but did not correlate with any other biomarker. Change in activinA (baseline to week 6) was the only biomarker that trended to predict coming off study early (p=0.053) as per protocol (i.e. CTx>600 ng/ml, SREs or pt/physician choice). Conclusions: Baseline levels of activinA trended to predict incidence of SREs in patients with bone metastases, and changes in levels from baseline to 6 weeks trended to predict coming off study early. These findings warrant future studies in BC pts assessing activinA as a predictor of risk associated with breast cancer bone metastases. This study was conducted with the support of the Ontario Institute for Cancer Research through funding provided by the Government of Ontario, and with funding from the Ontario Chapter of the Canadian Breast Cancer Foundation.

Intraoperative detection of lymph node metastasis using one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) in breast cancer patients: Effect on second surgery rate and delay for adjuvant therapy.

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 10517-10517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Klingler ◽  
Frederic Marchal ◽  
Philippe Rauch ◽  
Ouarda Kenouchi ◽  
Anne-Sophie Chrétien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lymph Node ◽  
Adjuvant Therapy ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Isolated Tumor Cells ◽  
Ck19 Mrna ◽  
Second Surgery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

10517 Background: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) analysis is conventionally analysed using HES and CK19 immunohistochemistry. In case of SLN involvement, a second surgery is required for axillary lymph node (ALN) resection thus delaying the initiation of adjuvant therapies. Methods: 381 pts with invasive breast cancer were considered in this retrospective study. SLN were detected using combined radio-isotope and color detection. SLN involvement was analysed using OSNA for CK19 mRNA, in 100 pts (group 1) and compared to conventional histopathology in 281 pts (reference population, group 2). In all cases, control cytology was performed. Results: No significant difference was found between group 1 and 2 regarding patients characteristics, tumor localization, size, grade, steroid receptors and HER2 expression and the mean number of SLN analysed per pt, 2.4 (range 1-7) and 2.5 (range 1-8), respectively. Considering positive SLN as “++” (CK19 mRNA copy number>5000), “+” (250 < CK19 mRNA copy number < 5000) and positive by inhibition in group 1 and macro-, micrometastases and isolated tumor cells in group 2, no difference in lymph node involvement rate was found between the two groups with 29.0 and 29.9% of positive SLN, respectively. Only one discordance case was observed with negative OSNA analysis and positive cytology with isolated tumor cells. Using OSNA intraoperatively, the mean time to process SLN was 42 min (range 10-104) allowing immediate ALN resection. Significant (P<.01) reduction of re-intervention rate was observed when OSNA was used (9 vs 39%), including margins insufficiency (5 vs 13%), ALN resection (3 vs 15%) or both (1 vs 11%). Delay before adjuvant therapy was also significantly (P <.01) reduced when OSNA was used with 43 (range 20-82) vs 59 (range 14-212) days. Conclusions: Results achieved with OSNA are fully consistent with those achieved using conventional immunohistochemistry analysis. SLN analysis using OSNA avoids a second operation in most patients for ALN resection and shortens the delay for adjuvant therapy.

Retrospective analysis of the role of CA 15-3 as a biomarker for breast cancer relapse.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e23051-e23051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Elahi Shaikh ◽  
Samantha Hall ◽  
Sijin Wen ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Abdul Miah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastases ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Bone Pain ◽  
Stage I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Patient’S History ◽  
Relapse Group ◽  
Group 1

e23051 Background: The latest ASCO guidelines regarding tumor markers in breast cancer do not recommend routine monitoring of serum CA 15-3 (CA) levels alone as a marker for relapse. They do, however, acknowledge their use in conjunction with a patient’s history, physical exam, and diagnostic imaging. The study objective is to evaluate CA as a marker for relapse and determine its continued use in our patient population. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis on female stage I-III breast cancer patients with an elevated CA marker treated in our cancer center between 2009-2014. Patients with metachronous or synchronous malignancies were excluded. Patients were categorized into three groups: Group 1 (elevated CA at relapse), Group 2 (normal CA at relapse, with elevation post-relapse), Group 3 (elevated CA without relapse). Categorical variables were collected to fulfill our objectives and the Fisher’s exact test was used to assess the correlation between them. The incidence rate and its 95% confidence interval were estimated based on the binomial distribution. Results: Out of 340 initially screened patients, 92 met our inclusion criteria: Group 1 (n = 25), Group 2 (n = 23), Group 3 (n = 44). The PPV for an elevated CA as a marker for relapse was 36% (95% CI: 26-48%). On routine surveillance, patients with elevated CA levels were more likely to have relapse if they presented with nausea (p = 0.02), myalgia (p = 0.003), or axial bone pain (p = 0.04). At relapse, an elevated CA was associated with fatigue (p = 0.02), myalgia (p = 0.01), liver metastases (p = 0.01), axial bone metastases (p = 0.005), and peripheral bone metastases (p = 0.0002). In patients with an elevated CA, a BMI < 25 had a higher incidence of relapse in comparison to those with a BMI ≥ 25 (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Our study suggests that a patient’s history, physical, and symptom-dictated imaging should be the main way to screen for relapse in stage I-III breast cancer. Based on the higher incidence of relapse in patients with both an elevated CA and symptoms of nausea, myalgia, or axial bone pain, we conclude that serum CA levels may be used as an adjunctive test in symptomatic patients. Our data also suggests that elevated CA levels may be less useful in detecting relapse in patients with BMI ≥ 25.

scholarly journals VESICO-VAGINAL FISTULA

2011 ◽  
Vol 18 (03) ◽  
pp. 354-360
Author(s):  
ABDUL RASHEED SHAIKH ◽  
SHAHIDA SHAIKH ◽  
SHABNUM NAZ SHAIKH ◽  
Abdul Haleem Shaikh ◽  
Aijaz Ahmed Memon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Vaginal Fistula ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Vesico Vaginal Fistula ◽  
Group 1

Objective: To evaluate the outcome of Vesico-vaginal Fistulae (VVF) repair by abdominal and vaginal route. Design: Interventional / clinical trial. Setting: Department of Urology, Chandka Medical College Teaching Hospital and Almas Medical Centre Larkana. Period: Feb; 2005 to Nov; 2010. Patients/Methods: After routine clinical examination and investigation, patients having Vesico-vaginal Fistulae (VVF) were selected for repair. All patients had under gone examination those anesthesia (EUA) and cystoscopy. The patients having complex fistulae or associated with urethral, ureteric and colonic involvement or with preexisting malignant pelvic pathology were excluded from the study. Patients were divided in to 02 groups on the basis of the site of the fistula and the method of repair. Group-I comprised of those patients who had low type or uncomplicated fistulae and were operated by vaginal approach. Group-II consisted of those patients who had high type or large fistulae and were operated by abdominal approach. Postoperative follow up was carried out on weekly basis for 03 to 06 months. Results: Our study included 32 cases. Group-I and II comprised of 18 and 14 patients respectively. The mean age was 34 years (ranged from 22 to 45 years). The main cause of vesico-vaginal fistulae was obstetrical in 28(87.5%) and iatrogenic gynecological (hysterectomy) in 04 (12.5%) patients. No major difficulty was experienced except in 01(0.83%) case in group-1 who had a previous failure history of repair. The mean operative time was 95 minutes (range 80 to 125 minutes) & 145 minutes (range 110 to 175 minutes) in group-1 and group-2 respectively. Peroperative blood transfusion was required in 06 (33.33%) and 13 (93%) patients of group-1 and group-II respectively. Statistically significant difference was found between these two groups (P< 0.05). Postoperative complications like wound infection occurred in 01(7.15%) of group- 1 and haematuria was present for few days in o4 (22.22%) and 05(35.5%) in group-1 and group-2 respectively. The mean hospital stay was 07 (range 5-10) days. Foleys catheter was removed at 02 week time in all cases. The success rate was achieved 15(83.33%) and in all 14 (100%) cases for group-1 and group-2 respectively and statistically no significant difference was found between two groups (P=NS). All the patients were followed up regularly except 03 (16.5%) and 05 (35.5%) patients of group-1 and group-II respectively. Long term complications like urinary stress incontinence was observed in 2 (11.1%) patients of group-I, where as small capacity bladder and stone formation was observed in 02(14.3%) of group-11 cases. Conclusions: Birth trauma is still a major cause of vesico vaginal fistula in our region. Although, there is no significant difference in outcome of different technique but interposition of tissue between suture lines have a vital role to achieve a high success rate. Further more, best chance of success achieved with first attempt of repair. Strategic approach and proper training of medical and paramedical staff is recommended.

scholarly journals Hematology of 2, 4 (Dinitrophenyl Hydrazine) Induced Anaemic Rat Administered with Ficus capensis Fruits and Leave Extract

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
N. N. Umerah ◽  
J. I. Okoye ◽  
A. I. Asouzu
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group I ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Background: Anemia is regarded as public health challenge and is predominant in developing countries due to nutritional deficiencies. Aim/Objectives: The study was carried out to evaluate the biological properties of Ficus capensis fruits and vegetables on some haematological parameters in 2, 4 (dinitrophenyl hydrazine) induced anemic rat. Materials and Methods: Ficus capensis leaves and fruits were separately plucked, sorted cleaned. Twenty male adult rats were purchased from the Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The animals were divided into 4 groups of 5 rats each on the basis of body weight. The rats in all the groups received 2, 4-DNPH (20 mg/kg body weight) once daily for 7 days to induce anaemia. Group I were fed rat chow alone, group 2 were fed rat chow with ferrous sulphate, group 3 were fed rat chow with Ficus capensis leaves extract and group 4 were fed rat chow with Ficus capensis seed extract. The aqueous extracts of the leaves and fruits were tested for haematinic effects in albino rats. Blood parameters such as Packed Cell Volume (PCV), Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, White Blood Cell (WBC) count and Haemoglobin concentration (Hb) were measured. Results: The result showed that the mean PCV baseline of the rats were (38.72-39.24%), mean PCV of anemic rats (33.01- 34.60%) and the mean PCV of the rats after test of recovery were group 1 (34.10%), group 2 (51.81%), group 3 (40.20%) and group 4 (38.20%).The result showed that the mean HB baseline of the rats were (9.67-10.47 g/dl), mean HB of anemic rats (6.50- 7.10 g/dl) and the mean HB of the rats after test of recovery were group 1 (6.51 g/dl), group 2 (12.32 g/dl), group 3 (9.73 g/dl) and group 4 (9.69 g/dl). The results of the effect of the extracts on the haematological parameters indicated that oral administration of the aqueous extract of Ficus capensis leaves and fruits after 22 days exhibited a significant (P < 0.05) increase in haematinic activity by increasing the blood parameters Hb, PCV, WBC and RBC.

Weekly Reading Assignments and Examinations Result in Sustained Improvement in American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) Scores

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 830-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian De Virgilio ◽  
Bruce E. Stabile
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Sustained Improvement ◽  
Specific Reading ◽  
Group I ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
American Board Of Surgery ◽  
General Surgery Training ◽  
Group 1

The American Board of Surgery In-Training Examination (ABSITE) score is used by general surgery training programs as a measure of the medical knowledge component of the Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education competencies. Poor performance on ABSITE (<35%) has correlated with high failure rates on the American Board of Surgery Qualifying Examination. We previously demonstrated an improvement in ABSITE scores over a 1-year period through the initiation of weekly reading assignments and review examinations. We sought to determine whether this educational endeavor would result in a sustained improvement in ABSITE scores over several years. ABSITE scores from two successive, 3-year time periods (1999-2001, Group 1, 2002-2004, Group 2), were compared. For Group 1, no formal reading assignments or preparatory exams were given. For Group 2, weekly reading assignments and examinations were administered by the faculty. For Group I, the mean ABSITE score was 60 per cent, versus 75 per cent ( P < 0.01) for Group 2. In Group 1,13 out of 76 scores (17%) were below 35 per cent, whereas in Group 2, only 4 out of 74 scores (5%) were below 35 per cent ( P = 0.03). Sustained improvement in ABSITE scores and fewer scores <35 per cent were achieved over a 3-year period with an educational program of weekly topic-specific reading assignments and written review examinations.

scholarly journals Comparative study of low dose of capecitabine versus standard dose in metastatic breast cancer: Efficacy and safety

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-21
Author(s):  
Engy M Aboelnaga ◽  
Wafaa El-beshbishi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Comparable Efficacy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Response ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background A lower dose of capecitabine revealed better toxicity profiles and comparable efficacy in treatment of metastatic breast cancer (MBC). We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of lower dose of capecitabine in comparison with the standard dose. Patients and methods Patients were enrolled in two groups. Group 1 included 21 patients who received the standard dose of capecitabine (1250 mg/m2 twice daily [BID] for 14 days), while the patients in group 2 (19 patients) received lower dose of capecitabine (850 mg/m2 BID for 14 days) every 3 weeks. Results In group 1, dose reduction was reported in 12 (57.1%) patients versus 1 patient in group 2 (5.3%; P = 0.0005). Patients in group 1 reported higher toxicity rates without any significant difference between the groups. The median duration of response was 17 weeks in group 1, while it was 19 weeks in group 2. Disease progression was recorded in 10 (47.6%) patients in group 1 versus 8 (42.1%) patients in group 2 (P = 0.81). The mean time to progression was 8.16 ± 0.63 months and the median was 10.1 months in group 1, while the mean was 8.98 ± 0.75 months and the median was 10 months in group 2 (P = 0.66). The overall survival had a mean of 11.94 ± 0.754 and 11.24 ± 0.665 months, while the median was 13.1 and 13 months in groups 1 and 2, respectively (P = 0.9). Conclusion A lower dose of capecitabine provides MBC patients with an active therapy that can be continued for prolonged periods to achieve long-term disease control without compromising its antitumor activity.

scholarly journals The effect of illegal lead processing on blood lead levels in children living in the mining area

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (11) ◽  
pp. 1019-1024
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Corac ◽  
Nemanja Barac ◽  
Zoran Bukumiric ◽  
Milan Barac ◽  
Sasa Milicevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lead Level ◽  
Blood Lead ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Blood Analysis ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Backgraund/Aim. The northern part of Kosovo was one of the largest lead and zinc production industries in Europe. Special attention has been paid to the landfill sites of these metals remained after past industrial activities. The inhabitants of Roma camps in this area are collecting led waste they process by crushing and melting in their shacks in primitively organized working environments. Because of all the aforementioned it was necessary to examine the concentration of blood lead level (BLL) in the children aged less than 6 years inhabiting this area, especially taking care of blood analysis of children living in Roma camps. Methods. The study was conducted in the municipality of Leposavic, Province Kosovo and Metohija, Serbia. Totally 78 subjects participated in the study. All the subjects were divided into two groups: the group I consisting of 42 children who lived in the Romas camp, and the group II with 36 children from a city kindergarten. Based on the mathematical model WRPLOT we found out that both groups of patients were in the low risk zone for industrial contamination exposure. Blood analysis was done according to the protocol provided by ESA Lead Care. Results. The average age of participants in the study was 4.60 ? 1.63 years. The mean BBL in the children from the group 1 was 19.11 ?g/dL and from the group 2 4.87 ?g/dL. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean values of BBL between the groups (U = 39, p < 0.001). All of the children from the group 1 had BBL greater than 5 ?g/dL in comparison to 38.9% of the children from the group 2 (?2 = 35.75, p < 0.001). Conclusion. Although both groups were located outside the zone of direct spread of pollution, the results indicate high concentrations of lead in blood of all the examined children. The concentration was higher in the children who lived in the area in which illegal processing of lead waste took place.

Immediate and long-term results of the first line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer. Final analysis of randomized study

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
S.A. Lyalkin ◽  
◽  
L.A. Syvak ◽  
N.O. Verevkina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative Breast Cancer ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
First Line ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Line Chemotherapy ◽  
Group 1

The objective: was to evaluate the efficacy of the first line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Materials and methods. Open randomized study was performed including 122 patients with metastatic TNBC. The efficacy and safety of the first line chemotherapy of regimens АТ (n=59) – group 1, patients received doxorubicine 60 мг/м2 and paclitaxel 175 мг/м2 and ТР (n=63) – group 2, patients received paclitaxel 175 мг/м2 and carboplatin AUC 5 were evaluated. Results. The median duration of response was 9.5 months (4.5–13.25 months) in patients received AT regimen and 8.5 months (4.7–12.25 months), in TP regimen; no statistically significant differences were observed, р=0.836. The median progression free survival was 7 months (95% CI 5–26 months) in group 1 and 7.5 months (95% CI 6–35 months) in group 2, p=0.85. Both chemotherapy regimens (AT and TP) had mild or moderate toxicity profiles (grade 1 or 2 in most patients). No significant difference in gastrointestinal toxicity was observed. The incidence of grade 3–4 neutropenia was higher in patients of group 2 (TP regimen): 42.8% versus 27% (р<0.05). Conclusions. Both regimens of chemotherapy (AT and TP) are appropriate to use in the first line setting in patients with metastatic TNBC. Key words: metastatic triple negative breast cancer, chemotherapy, progression free survival, chemotherapy toxicity.

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