scholarly journals Hyperthermophilic methanogenic archaea act as high-pressure CH4 cell factories

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa-Maria Mauerhofer ◽  
Sara Zwirtmayr ◽  
Patricia Pappenreiter ◽  
Sébastien Bernacchi ◽  
Arne H. Seifert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Cell Envelope ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Amino Acid Motif ◽  
Genomic Features ◽  
Cell Factories ◽  
Energy Production System ◽  
Methyl Coenzyme M Reductase

AbstractBioprocesses converting carbon dioxide with molecular hydrogen to methane (CH4) are currently being developed to enable a transition to a renewable energy production system. In this study, we present a comprehensive physiological and biotechnological examination of 80 methanogenic archaea (methanogens) quantifying growth and CH4 production kinetics at hyperbaric pressures up to 50 bar with regard to media, macro-, and micro-nutrient supply, specific genomic features, and cell envelope architecture. Our analysis aimed to systematically prioritize high-pressure and high-performance methanogens. We found that the hyperthermophilic methanococci Methanotorris igneus and Methanocaldococcoccus jannaschii are high-pressure CH4 cell factories. Furthermore, our analysis revealed that high-performance methanogens are covered with an S-layer, and that they harbour the amino acid motif Tyrα444 Glyα445 Tyrα446 in the alpha subunit of the methyl-coenzyme M reductase. Thus, high-pressure biological CH4 production in pure culture could provide a purposeful route for the transition to a carbon-neutral bioenergy sector.

New Generation of Brake Callipers to Improve Competitiveness and Energy Savings in Very High Performance Cars

2014 ◽  
Vol 217-218 ◽  
pp. 471-480
Author(s):  
Ivano Gattelli ◽  
Gian Luigi Chiarmetta ◽  
Marcello Boschini ◽  
Renzo Moschini ◽  
Mario Rosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
A357 Alloy ◽  
Bench Tests ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Non Destructive ◽  
Very High

This paper concerns with the optimisation of the innovative rheocasting process to produce a new generation of brake callipers, characterised by very high reliability and strength. The attained very promising properties favoured their use on a very high performance car and the presented technique can be further extended for other important challenging applications. The prototype components are produced using T6 heat treated A357 alloy. Results on the samples machined directly from the produced callipers are in detail described and analysed. Pieces exhibiting some small defects, individuated by non-destructive tests, as well as defectless pieces have been underlined to severe industrial tests, e.g. high pressure tight, as well as severe bench tests, and it has been observed that the proposed technological process assure the fulfilment of the requirements contained in standards.

Innovative Minimally Intrusive Sensor Technology Development for Versatile Affordable Advanced Turbine Engine Combustors

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Goldstein ◽  
Carlos A. Arana ◽  
Fritz Bien ◽  
Jamine Lee ◽  
John Gruninger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Gas Turbines ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Spectral Signature ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Hot Gas

The feasibility of an innovative minimally intrusive sensor for monitoring the hot gas stream at the turbine inlet in high performance aircraft gas turbine engines was demonstrated. The sensor uses passive fiber-optical probes and a remote readout device to collect and analyze the spatially resolved spectral signature of the hot gas in the combustor/turbine flowpaths. Advanced information processing techniques are used to extract the average temperature, temperature pattern factor, and chemical composition on a sub-second time scale. Temperatures and flame composition were measured in a variety of combustion systems including a high pressure, high temperature combustion cell. Algorithms for real-time temperature measurements were developed and demonstrated. This approach should provide a real-time temperature profile, temperature pattern factor, and chemical species sensing capability for multi-point monitoring of high temperature and high pressure flow at the combustor exit with application as an engine development diagnostic tool, and ultimately, as a real-time active control component for high performance gas turbines.

Beyond the usual suspects: methanogenic communities in eastern North American peatlands are also influenced by nickel and copper concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sydney E Bear ◽  
James D Seward ◽  
Louis Jamie Lamit ◽  
Nathan Basiliko ◽  
Tim Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Methanogenic Archaea ◽  
Community Analysis ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Contaminated Sites ◽  
Methanogenic Community ◽  
Primary Driver ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Methyl Coenzyme M Reductase ◽  
Eastern Half

Abstract Peatlands both accumulate carbon and release methane, but their broad range in environmental conditions means that the diversity of microorganisms responsible for carbon cycling is still uncertain. Here we describe a community analysis of methanogenic archaea responsible for methane production in 17 peatlands from 36 to 53 N latitude across the eastern half of North America, including three metal-contaminated sites. Methanogenic community structure was analyzed through Illumina amplicon sequencing of the mcrA gene. Whether metal-contaminated sites were included or not, metal concentrations in peat were a primary driver of methanogenic community composition, particularly nickel, a trace element required in the F430 cofactor in methyl-coenzyme M reductase that is also toxic at high concentrations. Copper was also a strong predictor, likely due to inhibition at toxic levels and/or to cooccurrence with nickel, since copper enzymes are not known to be present in anaerobic archaea. The methanogenic groups Methanocellales and Methanosarcinales were prevalent in peatlands with low nickel concentrations, while Methanomicrobiales and Methanomassiliicoccales were abundant in peatlands with higher nickel concentrations. Results suggest that peat-associated trace metals are predictors of methanogenic communities in peatlands.

Application of the Mechanical High-Pressure Method Combined with High-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Determination of Veterinary Drug Residues in Incurred Chicken and Rabbit Muscle Tissues

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
MINGXIA LIU ◽  
ZHEN WANG ◽  
XIANGJUN LI ◽  
XIAOGANG CHU ◽  
YALEI DONG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Homogenization Method ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Veterinary Drug Residues ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Pressure Method ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass

ABSTRACTRapid sample preparation is a key step in the field of food safety. A mechanical high-pressure method using a laboratory-made meat press machine was first introduced in this study to process the incurred muscle samples of chicken and rabbit. By applying high pressure to animal muscle, the meat juice was obtained. After extraction and purification, veterinary drug residues in the juice were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. The sample press conditions and extraction solvents were optimized. Under the optimal conditions, all veterinary drug residues, including tetracycline, enrofloxacin, clenbuterol, ampicillin, lincomycin, erythromycin, and sulfadiazine, in the incurred samples were detected. The residual concentration of drugs in samples obtained by using the mechanical high-pressure method can reach up to 94.0% of that obtained by using the common homogenization method, suggesting that drug residues exist in the tissue juice, which justifies the use of the mechanical high-pressure method. Moreover, with the mechanical high-pressure method, the sample preparation time was shortened by five times, and the consumption of the extraction solvent was reduced by 50%, relative to the homogenization method.

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