scholarly journals Scale invariance of cell size fluctuations in starving bacteria

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Shimaya ◽  
Reiko Okura ◽  
Yuichi Wakamoto ◽  
Kazumasa A. Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Growth Condition ◽  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractIn stable environments, cell size fluctuations are thought to be governed by simple physical principles, as suggested by recent findings of scaling properties. Here, by developing a microfluidic device and using E. coli, we investigate the response of cell size fluctuations against starvation. By abruptly switching to non-nutritious medium, we find that the cell size distribution changes but satisfies scale invariance: the rescaled distribution is kept unchanged and determined by the growth condition before starvation. These findings are underpinned by a model based on cell growth and cell cycle. Further, we numerically determine the range of validity of the scale invariance over various characteristic times of the starvation process, and find the violation of the scale invariance for slow starvation. Our results, combined with theoretical arguments, suggest the relevance of the multifork replication, which helps retaining information of cell cycle states and may thus result in the scale invariance.

scholarly journals Scale Invariance of Cell Size Fluctuations in Starving Bacteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Shimaya ◽  
Reiko Okura ◽  
Yuichi Wakamoto ◽  
Kazumasa Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Physical Principles ◽  
Distribution Trends

Abstract In stable environments, cell size fluctuations are thought to be governed by simple physical principles, as suggested by recent findings of scaling properties. Here, by developing a novel microfluidic device and using E. coli, we investigate the response of cell size fluctuations against starvation. By abruptly switching to non-nutritious medium, we find that the cell size distribution changes but satisfies scale invariance: the rescaled distribution is kept unchanged and determined by the growth condition before starvation. These findings are underpinned by a model based on cell growth and cell cycle. Further, we numerically determine the range of validity of the scale invariance over various characteristic times of the starvation process. Combining theory and simulations, we reveal the number of multifork replications is crucial for the scale invariance. Our results emphasize the importance of intrinsic cellular cycle processes in this problem, suggesting different distribution trends for bacteria and eukaryotes.

scholarly journals Scale invariance during bacterial reductive division observed by an extensive microperfusion system

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuro Shimaya ◽  
Reiko Okura ◽  
Yuichi Wakamoto ◽  
Kazumasa A. Takeuchi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Intracellular Replication ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Scaling Properties ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
Cellular Replication ◽  
Physical Principles

AbstractIn stable environments, cell size fluctuations are thought to be governed by simple physical principles, as suggested by recent finding of scaling properties. Here we show, using E. coli, that the scaling concept also rules cell size fluctuations under time-dependent conditions, even though the distribution changes with time. We develop a microfluidic device for observing dense and large bacterial populations, under uniform and switchable conditions. Triggering bacterial reductive division by switching to non-nutritious medium, we find that the cell size distribution changes in a specific manner that keeps its normalized form unchanged; in other words, scale invariance holds. This finding is underpinned by simulations of a model based on cell growth and intracellular replication. We also formulate the problem theoretically and propose a sufficient condition for the scale invariance. Our results emphasize the importance of intrinsic cellular replication processes in this problem, suggesting different distribution trends for bacteria and eukaryotes.

1465 - Cell size distribution of planktonic bacteria in shallow lakes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Márton ◽  
Bianka Csitári ◽  
Tamas Felfoldi ◽  
Anna J Szekely ◽  
Attila Szabo
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Shallow Lakes ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Planktonic Bacteria

scholarly journals Experimental-numerical studies of the effect of cell structure on the mechanical properties of polypropylene foams

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 713-723
Author(s):  
Wei Gong ◽  
Tuan-Hui Jiang ◽  
Xiang-Bu Zeng ◽  
Li He ◽  
Chun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Structure Parameters ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
Polypropylene Foam ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe effects of the cell size and distribution on the mechanical properties of polypropylene foam were simulated and analyzed by finite element modeling with ANSYS and supporting experiments. The results show that the reduced cell size and narrow size distribution have beneficial influences on both the tensile and impact strengths. Decreasing the cell size or narrowing the cell size distribution was more effective for increasing the impact strength than the tensile strength in the same case. The relationship between the mechanical properties and cell structure parameters has a good correlation with the theoretical model.

scholarly journals Cell growth dilutes the cell cycle inhibitor Rb to trigger cell division

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny Zatulovskiy ◽  
Daniel F. Berenson ◽  
Benjamin R. Topacio ◽  
Jan M. Skotheim
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Mammalian Cells ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Cell Cycle Inhibitor

Cell size is fundamental to function in different cell types across the human body because it sets the scale of organelle structures, biosynthesis, and surface transport1,2. Tiny erythrocytes squeeze through capillaries to transport oxygen, while the million-fold larger oocyte divides without growth to form the ~100 cell pre-implantation embryo. Despite the vast size range across cell types, cells of a given type are typically uniform in size likely because cells are able to accurately couple cell growth to division3–6. While some genes whose disruption in mammalian cells affects cell size have been identified, the molecular mechanisms through which cell growth drives cell division have remained elusive7–12. Here, we show that cell growth acts to dilute the cell cycle inhibitor Rb to drive cell cycle progression from G1 to S phase in human cells. In contrast, other G1/S regulators remained at nearly constant concentration. Rb is a stable protein that is synthesized during S and G2 phases in an amount that is independent of cell size. Equal partitioning to daughter cells of chromatin bound Rb then ensures that all cells at birth inherit a similar amount of Rb protein. RB overexpression increased cell size in tissue culture and a mouse cancer model, while RB deletion decreased cell size and removed the inverse correlation between cell size at birth and the duration of G1 phase. Thus, Rb-dilution by cell growth in G1 provides a long-sought cell autonomous molecular mechanism for cell size homeostasis.

scholarly journals The cell size distribution of tomato fruit can be changed by overexpression ofCDKA1

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Czerednik ◽  
Marco Busscher ◽  
Gerco C. Angenent ◽  
Ruud A. de Maagd
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Tomato Fruit ◽  
Cell Size Distribution

Growth and Cell-Size Distribution of Marine Planktonic Algae in Batch and Dialysis Cultures

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Prakash ◽  
Liv Skoglund ◽  
Britt Rystad ◽  
Arne Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Size Distribution ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Exponential Growth Phase ◽  
Average Cell Size ◽  
Cell Size Distribution ◽  
Average Cell ◽  
Planktonic Algae ◽  
Maximum Cell ◽  
Dialysis Culture

An extended exponential growth phase and a higher maximum population characterized growth of planktonic algae in a dialysis system compared with that in a batch system. Algal cells grown in a dialysis culture had higher chlorophyll content and a larger average cell size than those grown in a batch culture. In both types of culture, changes in cell-size distribution were related to the phases of the growth cycle with maximum cell-size during the stationary phase. Various interactions of the component reactions of photosynthesis leading to changes in growth pattern and cell-size distribution are discussed.

scholarly journals PP2ARts1 is a master regulator of pathways that control cell size

2014 ◽  
Vol 204 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Zapata ◽  
Noah Dephoure ◽  
Tracy MacDonough ◽  
Yaxin Yu ◽  
Emily J. Parnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Growth ◽  
Cell Size ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Size Control ◽  
Regulatory Subunit ◽  
Delay Cell ◽  
Cell Cycle Entry ◽  
G1 Cyclin

Cell size checkpoints ensure that passage through G1 and mitosis occurs only when sufficient growth has occurred. The mechanisms by which these checkpoints work are largely unknown. PP2A associated with the Rts1 regulatory subunit (PP2ARts1) is required for cell size control in budding yeast, but the relevant targets are unknown. In this paper, we used quantitative proteome-wide mass spectrometry to identify proteins controlled by PP2ARts1. This revealed that PP2ARts1 controls the two key checkpoint pathways thought to regulate the cell cycle in response to cell growth. To investigate the role of PP2ARts1 in these pathways, we focused on the Ace2 transcription factor, which is thought to delay cell cycle entry by repressing transcription of the G1 cyclin CLN3. Diverse experiments suggest that PP2ARts1 promotes cell cycle entry by inhibiting the repressor functions of Ace2. We hypothesize that control of Ace2 by PP2ARts1 plays a role in mechanisms that link G1 cyclin accumulation to cell growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document