scholarly journals Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis Target of Rapamycin (AtTOR) improves water-use efficiency and yield potential in rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achala Bakshi ◽  
Mazahar Moin ◽  
M. Udaya Kumar ◽  
Aramati Bindu Madhava Reddy ◽  
Maozhi Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Constitutive Expression ◽  
Protein Translation ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Use Efficiency

Abstract The target of Rapamycin (TOR) present in all eukaryotes is a multifunctional protein, regulating growth, development, protein translation, ribosome biogenesis, nutrient, and energy signaling. In the present study, ectopic expression of TOR gene of Arabidopsis thaliana in a widely cultivated indica rice resulted in enhanced plant growth under water-limiting conditions conferring agronomically important water-use efficiency (WUE) trait. The AtTOR high expression lines of rice exhibited profuse tillering, increased panicle length, increased plant height, high photosynthetic efficiency, chlorophyll content and low ∆13C. Δ13C, which is inversely related to high WUE, was as low as 17‰ in two AtTOR high expression lines. These lines were also insensitive to the ABA-mediated inhibition of seed germination. The significant upregulation of 15 stress-specific genes in high expression lines indicates their contribution to abiotic stress tolerance. The constitutive expression of AtTOR is also associated with significant transcriptional upregulation of putative TOR complex-1 components, OsRaptor and OsLST8. Glucose-mediated transcriptional activation of AtTOR gene enhanced lateral root formation. Taken together, our findings indicate that TOR, in addition to its multiple cellular functions, also plays an important role in response to abiotic stress and potentially enhances WUE and yield related attributes.

scholarly journals Erratum: Corrigendum: Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis Target of Rapamycin (AtTOR) improves water-use efficiency and yield potential in rice

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Achala Bakshi ◽  
Mazahar Moin ◽  
M. Udaya Kumar ◽  
Aramati Bindu Madhava Reddy ◽  
Maozhi Ren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Ectopic Expression ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Use Efficiency

Effect of drought stress on residual transpiration and its relationship with water use of wheat

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Clarke ◽  
R. A. Richards ◽  
A. G. Condon
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Cuticular Transpiration ◽  
Stress Treatment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Residual Transpiration

Increasing the water use efficiency (WUE) of wheat (Triticum spp.) has long been a goal in semiarid areas. Low rates of residual (cuticular) transpiration are thought to improve yield potential of wheat under dry conditions, although the linkage is tenuous. The objective of this work was to investigate the association of residual transpiration with water use, WUE, and leaf water status in hexaploid (T. aestivum L.) and tetraploid (T. turgidum L. var. durum) genotypes grown under two watering regimes in two glasshouse experiments. Single plants were grown in 0.1-m × 1-m (0.1-m × 0.5-m in exp. 2 low-stress treatment) PVC tubes filled with soil. The watering regimes consisted of weekly replenishment of water used (low stress), or addition of sufficient water to ensure plant survival (high stress). At anthesis, flag leaf residual transpiration (rate of water loss from excised leaves), stomatal conductance, relative water content (RWC), and osmotic potential (exp. 1 only) were measured. Water use was not correlated with residual transpiration rate in either experiment. Residual transpiration rate did not differ for the two stress treatments in exp. 1, but there were significant (P < 0.01) genotype by stress treatment interactions. Residual transpiration rate was not related to plant water status (leaf RWC or osmotic potential) as had been reported in other studies. Key words: Cuticular transpiration, water use efficiency, Triticum aestivum L., Triticum turgidum L. var. durum

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Tillage and Canopy Optimization on Grain Yield, Root Growth, and Water Use Efficiency of Rainfed Maize in Northeast China

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Piao ◽  
Ming Li ◽  
Jialei Xiao ◽  
Wanrong Gu ◽  
Ming Zhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Soil Water Storage ◽  
Root Area ◽  
Use Efficiency

Elucidating the mechanisms underlying the relationships between root growth and water use efficiency is important for achieving full yield potential. We conducted a field experiment with maize under high planting density (105,000 plants ha−1) in 2013 and 2014. Four treatments were implemented: traditional cultivation, root optimization cultivation, canopy optimization cultivation, and shoot–root optimization cultivation. Compared to the treatments involving rotary tillage, subsoil tillage significantly improved the soil structure and promoted soil water storage. Moreover, the distribution of roots was significantly deeper under shoot–root optimization cultivation than traditional cultivation treatment. Shoot dry matter and leaf area were slightly higher under the plant growth-regulator treatments than that under the other treatments. Thus, relative to the shoot–root optimization cultivation treatment, the root optimization cultivation and canopy optimization cultivation treatments reduced the shoot–root area ratio by 8% and 4%, respectively, and these reductions were significantly lower than the reduction under the traditional cultivation treatment (16%). Rainfall storage can be enhanced by improving tillage practices, promoting root growth (particularly at depths >20 cm), promoting access to water, and regulating plant growth by the foliar spraying of ECK (ethylene-chlormequat-potassium). This approach has the potential to achieve highly efficient resource utilization without additional inputs, thereby increasing yield.

Yield and water-use efficiency of wheat in a high-rainfall environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Botwright Acuña ◽  
Shaun Lisson ◽  
Peter Johnson ◽  
Geoff Dean
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Rainfall ◽  
Modelling Studies ◽  
Use Efficiency

Yield, water use and water-use efficiency (WUE) in the high-rainfall zone of Tasmania are highly variable because of environmental and agronomic constraints to grain production that limit yield potential. The expansion of irrigation infrastructure in Tasmanian production systems with access to low-cost, plentiful irrigation sources will also influence these components in some areas. This paper reports on desktop modelling studies that aimed to benchmark wheat WUE and to explore the sensitivity of yield, water use and WUE to changes in management practice in a high-rainfall environment. Here, WUE was defined as: grain yield/(evapotranspiration + drainage + runoff). The crop simulation model APSIM-Wheat was used to quantify key water balance elements and estimate ‘attainable’ and ‘potential’ WUE and grain yield for 27 wheat trials. The upper limit for WUE was ~30 kg/ha.mm in excess of 180 mm evaporation, which is 16% higher than previous estimates at this southerly latitude for wheat. Attainable WUE ranged from 58% to 100% of potential WUE and was limited by nitrogen supply and water loss through evaporation, drainage and runoff. Model scenarios showed that co-limitation of inputs of nitrogen and irrigation was an important driver of grain yield and WUE. The implications of this research on crop management and production in temperate, high-rainfall environments are discussed.

Comparing the adaptation of sunola, canola and mustard to three soil climatic zones of the Canadian prairies

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. R. Miller ◽  
A. M. Johnston ◽  
S. A. Brandt ◽  
C. L. McDonald ◽  
D. A. Derksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Stubble ◽  
Semi Arid

Sunola (Helianthus annuus L.) emerged in the early 1990s as a new drought- and heat-tolerant oilseed crop option for prairie producers. This study was conducted to compare the agronomic performance of sunola with that of canola (Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.) and mustard (B. juncea L.). In 1993 and 1994 a spring seeding date experiment comparing crop maturity and grain yield of sunola, canola and mustard was conducted at three locations: Swift Current and Scott in the semi-arid Brown and Dark Brown soil zones, respectively, and Melfort in the subhumid Black soil zone. Additionally, a tillage system experiment was conducted at Swift Current that compared grain yield and water-use-efficiency (WUE) of sunola and mustard grown in four tillage treatments: tilled, and untilled fallow, and tilled, and untilled wheat stubble. In the more typical 1994 season, the average thermal time to reach maturity for sunola was 1200 growing degree days (GDD), consistent for all locations, and was greater than that required for B. napus by 70 to 320 GDD (1–4 wk), depending on location. When compared with the seed yield of the Brassica spp. oilseeds, sunola averaged 59% at Swift Current, 54% at Scott, and 94% at Melfort. The WUE for sunola was 3.0 and 2.9 kg ha−1 mm−1 when grown on fallow and wheat stubble, respectively, compared with 5.6 and 4.8 kg ha–1 mm–1 for mustard. Due to its low seed yield potential and low WUE, sunola is not well adapted for production in the semi-arid Brown and Dark Brown soil zones. Key words: Sunola, canola, mustard, adaptation, seeding date, water-use-efficiency

scholarly journals The Genetic Control of Stomatal Development in Barley: New Solutions for Enhanced Water-Use Efficiency in Drought-Prone Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1670
Author(s):  
Brittany Clare Robertson ◽  
Tianhua He ◽  
Chengdao Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Genetic Regulation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Stomatal Development ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Water Restriction ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Use Efficiency

Increased drought frequency due to climate change is limiting the agronomic performance of cereal crops globally, where cultivars often experience negative impacts on yield. Stomata are the living interface responsible for >90% of plant water loss through transpiration. Thus, stomata are a prospective target for improving drought tolerance by enhancing water-use efficiency (WUE) in economically important cereals. Reducing stomatal density through molecular approaches has been shown to improve WUE in many plant species, including the commercial cereals barley, rice, wheat and maize. Rice with reduced stomatal density exhibit yields 27% higher than controls under drought conditions, reflecting the amenability of grasses to stomatal density modification. This review presents a comprehensive overview of stomatal development, with a specific emphasis on the genetic improvement of WUE in the grass lineage. Improved understanding of the genetic regulation of stomatal development in the grasses, provides significant promise to improve cereal adaptivity in drought-prone environments whilst maximising yield potential. Rapid advances in gene-editing and ‘omics’ technologies may allow for accelerated adaption of future commercial varieties to water restriction. This may be achieved through a combination of genomic sequencing data and CRISPR-Cas9-directed genetic modification approaches.

scholarly journals Water use efficiency of fodder beet crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 125-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Chakwizira ◽  
J.M. De Ruiter ◽  
S. Maley ◽  
S.J. Dellow ◽  
M.J. George ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Fodder Beet ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In New Zealand, summer rainfall is unpredictable and usually insufficient to meet crop water requirements. The impact of water availability on yield potential of fodder beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is unknown. A single year, single site replicated field experiment investigating biomass production, water use (WU) and water use efficiency (WUE) was carried out on a deep Templeton silt loam soil at Lincoln in 2013. The experiment had four water treatments: 1: Rain fed control, 2: Full potential evapotranspiration (ETo) replaced weekly, 3: 50% of ETo replaced every 3 weeks and 4: 50% of ETo replaced weekly. Final dry matter (DM) yield differed with treatments, increasing from an average of 24 t/ha for the rain fed crops and those receiving 50% of ETo weekly to 28 t/ha for the full ETo replacement crops and those receiving 50% of ETo once every 3 weeks. Water use more than doubled with full irrigation compared with the rain fed crops (774 vs 316 mm). The WU for the intermediate crops was 483 mm. However, DM yield was higher for the treatment with 50% of ETo replaced every 3 weeks rather than weekly. Water use was related to DM yield and accounted for the observed variation (R2=0.75) in final yield. The WUE decreased with water supply, from 80 kg DM/ha/mm for the rain fed crops to 46 kg DM/ha/mm for the full ETo replacement treatments, and 64 and 57 kg DM/ha/mm for the 50% of ETo replaced weekly and every 3 weeks, respectively. Similar DM yield and marginal WUE for the full ETo treatments and those receiving 50% of ETo replaced every 3 weeks, meant that the most economic WUE was 57 kg DM/ha/mm. Although these results are from a single and site, they suggest that full ETo replacement was uneconomic in this type of soil and therefore partial irrigation to 50% of ETo replaced every 3 weeks may be the optimum for this type of soil. It is recommended to investigate similar treatments on shallow and stony soils. Keywords: Beta vulgaris L., evapotranspiration, water use, water use efficiency, water extraction pattern, water extraction depth.

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