Photosensitized degradation kinetics of trace halogenated contaminants in natural waters using membrane introduction mass spectrometry as an in situ reaction monitor

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2108-2118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dane R. Letourneau ◽  
Chris G. Gill ◽  
Erik T. Krogh
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Reductive Dehalogenation ◽  
Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
On Line ◽  
Kinetics Of

On-line membrane introduction mass spectrometry used to directly measure the photosensitized reductive dehalogenation kinetics of trace aqueous halocarbons in the presence of naturally occurring dissolved organic matter.

On-line determination of silver in natural waters by inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry: Influence of organic matter

2006 ◽  
Vol 98 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuria Ndung'u ◽  
Mara A. Ranville ◽  
Robert P. Franks ◽  
A. Russell Flegal
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
On Line

Effects of Drying and Ensiling on In situ Cell Wall Degradation Kinetics of Tomato Pomace in Ruminant

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Maheri-Sis ◽  
Mohammad Chamani ◽  
Ali Asghar Sadeghi ◽  
Ali Mirzaaghaz ◽  
Kambiz Nazeradl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Cell Wall Degradation ◽  
Tomato Pomace ◽  
Kinetics Of

scholarly journals SYNCHRONIZATION OF CARBOHYDRATE AND PROTEIN SUPPLY IN THE SUGARCANE BAGASSE BASED RATION ON IN SITU NUTRIENT DEGRADABILITY

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. F. Sani ◽  
L. K. Nuswantara ◽  
E. Pangestu ◽  
F. Wahyono ◽  
J. Achmadi
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nitrogen Supply ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Synchronization Index ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Protein Supply ◽  
Kinetics Of

Two adult male sheeps fitted with rumen cannula were used in two experiments to study the effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply in sugarcane bagasse based total mixed ration (TMR) on in situ nutrient degradation. The first experiment was aimed to create three TMR with different synchronization index. Ingredient feedstuffs of TMR were evaluated for its in situ organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N) degradation kinetics. On the basis of the OM and N degradation kinetics of feedstuffs, three sugarcane bagasse based TMR were formulated with synchronization indexes of 0.37; 0.50; and 0.63; respectively. The TMR had similar levels of crude protein (CP), total digestible nutrients, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). In the second experiment, the three TMR with different synchronization index were evaluated for in situ degradability characteristics of OM, CP, NDF, and sulfur. The in situ degradation of OM in TMR were decreased (P<0.05) with the increasing of synchronization index. The higher synchronization index in TMR increased (P<0.05) CP degradation of CP. The NDF degradation decreased slightly by the alteration of synchronization index in TMR. The higher synchronization index in TMR reduced (P<0.05) in situ sulfur degradation, and this may not support to effects of synchronization of carbohydrate and nitrogen supply.  

scholarly journals In situ degradability of dry matter and fibrous fraction of sorghum silage

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Vicente Ribeiro Rocha Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Ruminal Degradability ◽  
Sorghum Silage ◽  
Kinetics Of

This study aimed to evaluate in situ degradability and degradation kinetics of DM, NDF and ADF of silage, with or without tannin in the grains. Two isogenic lines of grain sorghum (CMS-XS 114 with tannin and CMS-XS 165 without tannin) and two sorghum hybrids (BR-700 dual purpose with tannin and BR-601 forage without tannin) were ensiled; dried and ground silage samples were placed in nylon bags and introduced through the fistulas. After incubation for 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours, bags were taken for subsequent analysis of fibrous fractions. The experimental design was completely randomized with 4 replicates and 4 treatments and means compared by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. As for the DM degradation rate, silage of CMSXS165without tannin was superior. Silages of genotypes BR700 and CMSXS 114 with tannin showed the highest values of indigestible ADF (59.54 and 43.09%). Regarding the NDF, the potential degradation of silage of CMSXS165 line without tannin was superior. Tannin can reduce ruminal degradability of the dry matter and fibrous fractions. 

Absorption of beta-casomorphins from autoperfused lamb and piglet small intestine

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. G443-G452 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Read ◽  
A. P. Lord ◽  
V. Brantl ◽  
G. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
Measured Absorption ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Kinetics Of

beta-Casomorphins (beta-CMs) derived from milk beta-casein may exert various opiate activities in milk-fed infants. To assess the physiological significance of beta-CMs as a source of circulating opioids in infants, we measured absorption rates of several beta-CMs under near-physiological conditions using in situ autoperfused lamb intestine. The naturally occurring beta-CMs, beta-CM-7 and beta-CM-4-amide, were absorbed readily into blood with no transfer into lymph. Uptake peaked within several minutes of the luminal infusion of peptide but then declined sharply and stopped within a further 10-15 min. The recovery in blood, intestinal contents, and tissue at the end of the 30-min experiment was less than 1% of the infused dose. The low recovery was due to rapid proteolysis based on in vitro studies that demonstrated half-lives of less than 5 min in lamb blood, luminal contents, and lymph. The synthetic dipeptidyl peptidase IV-resistant analogue beta-[D-Ala2]CM- 4-amide was stable during incubation in blood, lymph, or luminal contents and was absorbed into blood at rates that were maximal within several minutes and remained steady for the 30-min period. We conclude that although natural beta-CMs are transferred across the lamb small intestine, rapid degradation within the intestinal lumen, gut epithelium, and blood would prevent entry into the circulation under normal conditions. Val-beta-CM-7, a putative stable precursor, had similar stability and kinetics of absorption to beta-CM-7, results that exclude Val-beta-CM-7 as a stable precursor for delivery of beta-CMs to the circulation. Essentially identical results to those in lambs were obtained in 7-day-old piglets.

scholarly journals Untangling the Formation Mechanisms of Biorelevant Molecules in the ISM with Photoionization Reflectron Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29A) ◽  
pp. 305-306
Author(s):  
Marko Förstel ◽  
Ralf I. Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Single Photon ◽  
Time Of Flight ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
On Line ◽  
Temperature Programmed ◽  
In Situ Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
Complex Organic

AbstractExploiting reflectron time of flight mass spectrometry coupled with single photon ionization of the subliming molecules (PI-ReTOF-MS) during the temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and combining these data with on line and in situ infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a versatile experimental approach has been established to elucidate the formation pathways of complex organic molecules in interstellar analog ices upon interaction with ionizing radiation at astrophysically relevant temperatures as low as 5 K.

scholarly journals Interactive Curve-Linear Relationship Between Alteration of Carbohydrate Macromolecular Structure Traits in Hulless Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Grain and Nutrient Utilization, Biodegradation and Bioavailability

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoli Sun ◽  
Luciana L. Prates ◽  
Peiqiang Yu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Nutrient Utilization ◽  
Macromolecular Structure ◽  
Hulless Barley ◽  
Quadratic Effect ◽  
Nutrient Profiles ◽  
Kinetics Of

The aim of this study was to reveal an interactive curve-linear relationship between altered carbohydrate macromolecular structure traits of hulless barley cultivars and nutrient utilization, biodegradation, as well as bioavailability. The cultivars had different carbohydrate macromolecular traits, including amylose (A), amylopectin (AP), and β-glucan contents, as well as their ratios (A:AP). The parameters assessed included: (1) chemical and nutrient profiles; (2) protein and carbohydrate sub-fractions partitioned by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS); (3) total digestible nutrients (TDN) and energy values; and (4) in situ rumen degradation kinetics of nutrients and truly absorbed nutrient supply. The hulless barley samples were analyzed for starch (ST), crude protein (CP), total soluble crude protein (SCP), etc. The in situ incubation technique was performed to evaluate the degradation kinetics of the nutrients, as well as the effective degradability (ED) and bypass nutrient (B). Results showed that the carbohydrates (g/kg DM) had a cubic relationship (p < 0.05), with the A:AP ratio and β-glucan level; while the starch level presented a quadratic relationship (p < 0.05), with the A:AP ratio and cubic relationship (p < 0.05), with β-glucan level. The CP and SCP contents had a cubic relationship (p < 0.05) with the A:AP ratio and β-glucan level. The altered carbohydrate macromolecular traits were observed to have strongly curve-linear correlations with protein and carbohydrate fractions partitioned by CNCPS. For the in situ protein degradation kinetics, there was a quadratic effect of A:AP ratio on the rumen undegraded protein (RUP, g/kg DM) and a linear effect of β-glucan on the bypass protein (BCP, g/kg DM). The A:AP ratio and β-glucan levels had quadratic effects (p < 0.05) on BCP and EDCP. For ST degradation kinetics, the ST degradation rate (Kd), BST and EDST showed cubic effects (p < 0.05) with A:AP ratio. The β-glucan level showed a cubic effect on EDST (g/kg DM) and a quadratic effect on BST (g/kg ST or g/kg DM) and EDST (g/kg DM). In conclusion, alteration of carbohydrate macromolecular traits in hulless barley significantly impacted nutrient utilization, metabolic characteristics, biodegradation, and bioavailability. Altered carbohydrate macromolecular traits curve-linearly affected the nutrient profiles, protein and carbohydrate fractions, total digestible nutrient, energy values, and in situ degradation kinetics.

Oxidation of Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate with Chrysotile: On-line Monitoring by Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry

2007 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriano Fachini ◽  
Maria A. Mendes ◽  
Inés Joekes ◽  
Marcos N. Eberlin
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Sodium Dodecylbenzenesulfonate ◽  
Membrane Introduction Mass Spectrometry ◽  
On Line

Evaluation of mathematical models to describe protein fraction degradation kinetics of various oilseed meals

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 171-171
Author(s):  
M Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
T Tashakkori ◽  
A Heravi Moussavi ◽  
S Danesh Mesgaran ◽  
A Vakili ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
Direct Method ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Insoluble Protein ◽  
Degradation Kinetic ◽  
Negative Exponential ◽  
Kinetics Of

In situ procedure is a direct method of measuring the rumen degradation kinetic of a feed nutrient. Data obtained by this technique are generally analysed using an exponential curve (Ørskov and McDonald, 1979). However, very low attention has been paid to choice of mathematical model to fit the curves and goodness-of-fit of the model. Lopez et al. (1999) pointed out that the disappearance of some feed components, particularly structural carbohydrates, exhibits a larger variety of forms than for crude protein (CP). In the present study, two different mathematical models of a straight line or a negative exponential (France et al., 1990; and Ørskov and McDonald, 1979) were selected to evaluate in situ degradation kinetics of protein fractions including true protein (TP), neutral-detergent insoluble protein (NDIP) and acid-detergent insoluble protein (ADIP) of various oilseed meals (cottonseed meal (CSM), soyabean meal (SM) and rapeseed meal (RM)).

scholarly journals In situ degradation kinetics of 6 roughages and the intestinal digestibility of the rumen undegradable protein1

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 4835-4844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiujin Li ◽  
Bai Xue ◽  
Yumei Zhao ◽  
Tianqi Wu ◽  
Haichao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Degradation Kinetics ◽  
In Situ Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Intestinal Digestibility
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