Hydrocarbon degradation by a newly isolated thermophilic Anoxybacillus sp. with bioemulsifier production and new alkB genes

RSC Advances ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (124) ◽  
pp. 102367-102377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjie Xia ◽  
Hao Dong ◽  
Chenggang Zheng ◽  
Qingfeng Cui ◽  
Panqing He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alkb Genes

In this work, a new thermophilic bacterial strain was isolated and identified asAnoxybacillussp. WJ-4. This strain of WJ-4 can degrade a wide range of hydrocarbons, and production of an oligosaccharide–lipid–peptide bioemulsifier was detected.

scholarly journals Evolution of early male-killing in horizontally transmitted parasites

2015 ◽  
Vol 282 (1818) ◽  
pp. 20152068 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Bernhauerová ◽  
Luděk Berec ◽  
Daniel Maxin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Vertical Transmission ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
High Efficacy ◽  
Infected Male ◽  
Male Killing ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Male Killer

Early male-killing (MK) bacteria are vertically transmitted reproductive parasites which kill male offspring that inherit them. Whereas their incidence is well documented, characteristics allowing originally non-MK bacteria to gradually evolve MK ability remain unclear. We show that horizontal transmission is a mechanism enabling vertically transmitted bacteria to evolve fully efficient MK under a wide range of host and parasite characteristics, especially when the efficacy of vertical transmission is high. We also show that an almost 100% vertically transmitted and 100% effective male-killer may evolve from a purely horizontally transmitted non-MK ancestor, and that a 100% efficient male-killer can form a stable coexistence only with a non-MK bacterial strain. Our findings are in line with the empirical evidence on current MK bacteria, explain their high efficacy in killing infected male embryos and their variability within and across insect taxa, and suggest that they may have evolved independently in phylogenetically distinct species.

scholarly journals Marine Sediments Harbor Diverse Archaea and Bacteria With Potentials for Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Degradation via Fumarate Addition

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuwen Zhang ◽  
Rainer U. Meckenstock ◽  
Shengze Weng ◽  
Guangshan Wei ◽  
Casey R.J. Hubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Functional Profiling ◽  
Fumarate Addition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degraders

Abstract Background: Marine sediments can contain large amounts of alkanes and methylated aromatic hydrocarbons that are introduced by natural processes or anthropogenic activities. These compounds can be biodegraded by anaerobic microorganisms via enzymatic addition of fumarate. Previous gene- and genome-based surveys have detected ubiquitous and novel fumarate-adding enzymes (FAE), but these were neither confirmed as occurring within full degradation pathways nor affiliated with known organisms. The identity and ecological roles of a significant fraction of anaerobic hydrocarbon degraders in marine sediments therefore remains unknown.Results: By combining phylogenetic reconstructions, protein homolog modelling, and functional profiling of publicly available and newly sequenced metagenomes and genomes, 61 draft bacterial and archaeal genomes encoding anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation via fumarate addition were obtained. Besides Deltaproteobacteria that are well-known to catalyze these reactions, Chloroflexi are dominant FAE-encoding bacteria in hydrocarbon-impacted sediments, potentially coupling sulfate reduction or fermentation to anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation. Among Archaea, besides Archaeoglobi previously shown to have this capability, genomes of Heimdallarchaeota, Lokiarchaeota, Thorarchaeota and Thermoplasmata also suggest fermentative hydrocarbon degradation using archaea-type FAE. The biogeography survey reveals these bacterial and archaeal hydrocarbon degraders occur in a wide range of marine sediments, including high abundances of FAE-encoding Asgard archaea associated with natural seeps and subseafloor ecosystems.Conclusions: Our results expand the knowledge of novel microbial lineages engaged in anaerobic degradation of alkanes and methylated aromatic hydrocarbons, and shed new light on the importance of marine sedimentary archaea in hydrocarbon degradation.

scholarly journals Mechanistic Study of Antibacterial Properties of Chemically Synthesize Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-52
Author(s):  
Abdur Rehman ◽  
Saira Ahmad ◽  
Abdul Mateen ◽  
Huma Qamar ◽  
Mudaber Ahmad Mubashar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Zno Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Mechanistic Study ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Wide Range

Nanotechnology is the science, engineering and technology conducted at the scale that ranges between 1-100 nanometers. For the bio-application, evolution of nanotechnology is creating the concern of scientists towards the synthesis of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles have unique characteristics as compare to bulk materials. Zinc oxide (ZnO) is a matchless semiconductor and it has been under investigation due to its wide range of applications in various areas like biomedical, electronics, material science and optics. In the present work synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles was carried out by using simple chemical approach, Sol-gel method for being effective and inexpensive, by employing zinc acetate dehydrate Zn (CH3CO2)2.2H2O as a precursor and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) starch as a constant agent. The structural properties of resultant zinc oxide nanoparticles were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. The XRD data confirmed the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO powder confirmed by JCPDS 36-1451 data. Particles size was calculated by Scherrer formula and calculated size was 30.14 nm. These nanoparticles were investigated for inhibition zone of bacterial strain Escherichia coli, a gram-negative microbe, at various concentrations of ZnO nanoparticles. Zinc oxide nanoparticles were very proficient for inhibition of growth of bacterial strain E. coli. The mechanism of ZnO NPs for antibacterial activity is release of reactive oxygen species which not only hydrolyze cell wall but cell membrane and cellular components as well providing a potential bactericidal effect.

scholarly journals Microbial and Plant Assisted Synthesis of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles and Their Antimicrobial Activities

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1607
Author(s):  
Nadia Mubraiz ◽  
Asghari Bano ◽  
Tariq Mahmood ◽  
Naeem Khan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Cobalt Oxide ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Co3o4 Nanoparticles ◽  
Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Wide Range

The development of sustainable, ecofriendly, and cost-effective methods for the synthesis of nanomaterials is an important aspect of nanotechnology these days. The present study was aimed at synthesizing cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles by using plant extracts of Aerva javanica, bacterial isolates from rhizospheric soil of Potentilla atrosanguinea, Swertia petiolata, Senecio chrysanthemoides, and from fungus Fusarium oxysporum. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques were used in the characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles. The bacterial strain, Bacillus subtilis, isolated from rhizosphere of Potentilla atrosanguinea (N1C1), Fusarium oxysporum, methanolic and aqueous extracts of Aerva javanica reduced the cobalt salts to cobalt oxide nanoparticles. The nanoparticles, synthesized from bacterial isolate N1C1 (Bacillus subtilis) and from Fusarium oxysporum had average particle size of 31.2 nm and 33.4 nm, respectively, whereas, the particle size of Aerva javanica was higher (39.2 nm) and all the nanoparticles were poly shaped. The nanoparticles synthesized from methanolic extract of Aerva javanica, bacterial strain (N1C1) and fungi Fusarium oxysporum showed better performance against Bacillus subtilis and P. aeruginosa, the bactericidal activity was higher against Gram-positive bacterial strains. Methanolic extracts of leaf and flower have shown a wide range of phytochemicals and higher antibacterial activity, and among all strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis susceptibility was greater to extracts.

scholarly journals Creation of Databases for Systematization of Antibiotic Resistance Monitoring Results

2020 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
EA Bereznyak ◽  
AV Trishina ◽  
NA Selyanskaya ◽  
IR Simonova
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Heterogeneous Information ◽  
Rostov Region ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Numerous Data ◽  
Standard Techniques ◽  
Epidemiological Information

Introduction: The study of the composition and antibiotic resistance of bacterial communities of water bodies requires effective processing of numerous data. Our objective was to systematize studies of sensitivity/resistance of pathogenic and opportunistic microorganisms in water reservoirs of Rostov-on-Don and the Rostov Region conducted by the Rostov-on-Don Anti-Plague Research Institute and to create databases (DB) including epidemiological information on the date and source of an isolate, results of bacterial strain identification, and evaluation of their sensitivity/resistance to antibacterial preparations (ABP). Materials and methods: Isolation, identification and interpretation of results of determining sensitivity/resistance to antibacterial preparations were carried out for different groups of microorganisms using standard techniques. Results: The databases “Phenotypes of antibiotic resistance of Vibrio cholerae of various serogroups isolated in the Rostov Region” (2017621303 dated November 14, 2017) and “Spectrum of microflora of open reservoirs in Rostov-on-Don, sensitivity/resistance to antibacterial drugs” (2017620158 dated February 28, 2017) were registered. The article describes the experience in creating and using the databases to process and analyze research results. The databases are regularly supplemented and updated as part of annual monitoring enabling us not only to monitor and analyze large amounts of heterogeneous information, but also to quickly compare the data, analyze sensitivity/resistance of microorganisms of different groups to a wide range of ABP, and visualize the results.

Marine sediments harbor diverse archaea and bacteria with the potential for anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation via fumarate addition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuwen Zhang ◽  
Rainer U Meckenstock ◽  
Shengze Weng ◽  
Guangshan Wei ◽  
Casey R J Hubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Sediments ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Anaerobic Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Functional Profiling ◽  
Fumarate Addition ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degraders

Abstract Marine sediments can contain large amounts of alkanes and methylated aromatic hydrocarbons that are introduced by natural processes or anthropogenic activities. These compounds can be biodegraded by anaerobic microorganisms via enzymatic addition of fumarate. However, the identity and ecological roles of a significant fraction of hydrocarbon degraders containing fumarate-adding enzymes (FAE) in various marine sediments remains unknown. By combining phylogenetic reconstructions, protein homolog modelling, and functional profiling of publicly available metagenomes and genomes, 61 draft bacterial and archaeal genomes encoding anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation via fumarate addition were obtained. Besides Desulfobacterota (previously known as Deltaproteobacteria) that are well-known to catalyze these reactions, Chloroflexi are dominant FAE-encoding bacteria in hydrocarbon-impacted sediments, potentially coupling sulfate reduction or fermentation to anaerobic hydrocarbon degradation. Among Archaea, besides Archaeoglobi previously shown to have this capability, genomes of Heimdallarchaeota, Lokiarchaeota, Thorarchaeota and Thermoplasmata also suggest fermentative hydrocarbon degradation using archaea-type FAE. These bacterial and archaeal hydrocarbon degraders occur in a wide range of marine sediments, including high abundances of FAE-encoding Asgard archaea associated with natural seeps and subseafloor ecosystems. Our results expand the knowledge of diverse archaeal and bacterial lineages engaged in anaerobic degradation of alkanes and methylated aromatic hydrocarbons.

scholarly journals Biodegradation of Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol A by Pseudomonas putida Strain YC-AE1 Isolated from Polluted Soil, Guangdong, China

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adel Aly Esmail Eltoukhy ◽  
Yang Jia ◽  
Ruth Nahurira ◽  
M. A. Abo-Kadoum ◽  
Ibatsam Khokhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Endocrine Disruptor ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
Organic Chemical ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Prolonged Incubation ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background Bisphenol A is an important organic chemical as an intermediate, final and inert ingredient in manufacturing of many important products like polycarbonate plastics, epoxy resins, flame retardants, food–drink packaging coating, and other. BPA is an endocrine disruptor compound that mimics the function of estrogen causing damage to reproductive organs. Bacterial degradation has been consider as a cost effective and eco-friendly method for BPA degradation compared with physical and chemical methods. This study aimed to isolate and identify bacterial strain capable to degrade and tolerate high concentrations of this pollutant, studying the factors affecting the degradation process and study the degradation mechanism of this strain. Results YC-AE1 is a Gram negative bacterial strain isolated from soil and identified as Pseudomonas putida by 16S rRNA gene sequence and BIOLOG identification system. This strain found to have a high capacity to degrade the endocrine disruptor Bisphenol A (BPA). Response surface methodology using central composite design was used to statistically optimize the environmental factors during BPA degradation and the results obtained by significant model were 7.2, 30 oC and 2.5 % for optimum initial pH, temperature and inoculum size, respectively. Prolonged incubation period with low NaCl concentration improve the biodegradation of BPA. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed high coefficient of determination, R2 and Adj-R2 which were 0.9979 and 0.9935, respectively. Substrate analysis found that, strain YC-AE1 could degrade a wide variety of bisphenol A-related pollutants such as bisphenol B, bisphenol F, bisphenol S, Dibutyl phthalate, Diethylhexyl phthalate and Diethyl phthalate in varying proportion. Pseudomonas putida YC-AE1 showed high ability to degrade a wide range of BPA concentrations (0.5-1000 mg l−1) with completely degradation for 500 mg l−1 within 72 hours. Metabolic intermediates detected in this study by HPLC-MS were identified as 4,4-dihydroxy-alpha-methylstilbene, p-hydroxybenzaldeyde, p-hydroxyacetophenone, 4-hydroxyphenylacetate, 4-hydroxyphenacyl alcohol, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-propanol, 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propanol and 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate. Conclusions This study reports Pseudomonas putida YC-AE1 as BPA biodegrader with high performance in degradation and tolerance to high BPA concentration. It exhibited strong degradation capacity and prominent adaptability towards a wide range of environmental conditions. Moreover, it degrades BPA in a short time via two different degradation pathways.

scholarly journals Comparative metatranscriptome analysis revealed broad response of microbial communities in two soil types, agriculture versus organic soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pushpender Kumar Sharma ◽  
Vinay Sharma ◽  
Shailesh Sharma ◽  
Garima Bhatia ◽  
Kashmir Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aromatic Hydrocarbon ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Direct Sequencing ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Hydrocarbon Degradation ◽  
High Expression ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis

Abstract Background Studying expression of genes by direct sequencing and analysis of metatranscriptomes at a particular time and space can disclose structural and functional insights about microbial communities. The present study reports comparative analysis of metatranscriptome from two distinct soil ecosystems referred as M1 (agriculture soil) and O1 (organic soil). Results Analysis of sequencing reads revealed Proteobacteria as major dominant phyla in both soil types. The order of the top 3 abundant phyla in M1 sample was Proteobacteria > Ascomycota > Firmicutes, whereas in sample O1, the order was Proteobacteria > Cyanobacteria > Actinobacteria. Analysis of differentially expressed genes demonstrated high expression of transcripts related to copper-binding proteins, proteins involved in electron carrier activity, DNA integration, endonuclease activity, MFS transportation, and other uncharacterized proteins in M1 compared to O1. Of the particular interests, several transcripts related to nitrification, ammonification, stress response, and alternate carbon fixation pathways were highly expressed in M1. In-depth analysis of the sequencing data revealed that transcripts of archaeal origin had high expression in M1 compared to O1 indicating the active role of Archaea in metal- and pesticide-contaminated environment. In addition, transcripts encoding 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase, glyoxalase/bleomycin resistance protein/dioxygenase, metapyrocatechase, and ring hydroxylating dioxygenases of aromatic hydrocarbon degradation pathways had high expression in M1. Altogether, this study provided important insights about the transcripts and pathways upregulating in the presence of pesticides and herbicides. Conclusion Altogether, this study claims a high expression of microbial transcripts in two ecosystems with a wide range of functions. It further provided clue about several molecular markers which could be a strong indicator of metal and pesticide contamination in soils. Interestingly, our study revealed that Archaea are playing a significant role in nitrification process as compared to bacteria in metal- and pesticide-contaminated soil. In particular, high expression of transcripts related to aromatic hydrocarbon degradation in M1 soil indicates their important role in biodegradation of pollutants, and therefore, further investigation is needed.

scholarly journals Identification of an opd (Organophosphate Degradation) Gene in an Agrobacterium Isolate

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 3371-3376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Horne ◽  
Tara D. Sutherland ◽  
Rebecca L. Harcourt ◽  
Robyn J. Russell ◽  
John G. Oakeshott
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Strain ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Strain Atcc ◽  
Agrobacterium Radiobacter ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Brevundimonas Diminuta ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Protein Moiety

ABSTRACT We isolated a bacterial strain, Agrobacterium radiobacter P230, which can hydrolyze a wide range of organophosphate (OP) insecticides. A gene encoding a protein involved in OP hydrolysis was cloned from A. radiobacter P230 and sequenced. This gene (called opdA) had sequence similarity to opd, a gene previously shown to encode an OP-hydrolyzing enzyme in Flavobacterium sp. strain ATCC 27551 and Brevundimonas diminuta MG. Insertional mutation of the opdA gene produced a strain lacking the ability to hydrolyze OPs, suggesting that this is the only gene encoding an OP-hydrolyzing enzyme in A. radiobacter P230. The OPH and OpdA proteins, encoded by opd and opdA, respectively, were overexpressed and purified as maltose-binding proteins, and the maltose-binding protein moiety was cleaved and removed. Neither protein was able to hydrolyze the aliphatic OP malathion. The kinetics of the two proteins for diethyl OPs were comparable. For dimethyl OPs, OpdA had a higher k cat than OPH. It was also capable of hydrolyzing the dimethyl OPs phosmet and fenthion, which were not hydrolyzed at detectable levels by OPH.

Recent Applications of High Resolution Electron Microscopy to Crystalline Arrays of Virus Particles

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 470-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.W. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
High Resolution Electron Microscopy ◽  
Optical Diffraction ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Wide Range

The technique of surrounding virus particles with a neutralised electron dense stain was described at the Fourth International Congress on Electron Microscopy, Berlin 1958 (see Home & Brenner, 1960, p. 625). For many years the negative staining technique in one form or another, has been applied to a wide range of biological materials. However, the full potential of the method has only recently been explored following the development and applications of optical diffraction and computer image analytical techniques to electron micrographs (cf. De Hosier & Klug, 1968; Markham 1968; Crowther et al., 1970; Home & Markham, 1973; Klug & Berger, 1974; Crowther & Klug, 1975). These image processing procedures have allowed a more precise and quantitative approach to be made concerning the interpretation, measurement and reconstruction of repeating features in certain biological systems.

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