Effects of Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acids, and intestinal flora in a piglet model

Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum and Enterococcus faecalis on growth performance, immune function, inflammation-related pathways, and microflora community in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). One hundred and eighty 28-d-old weaned piglets were randomly divided into 3 treatments groups: piglets fed with a basal diet (Con), piglets fed with a basal diet containing 6 × 109 CFU C. butyricum·kg−1 (CB), and piglets fed with a basal diet containing 2 × 1010 CFU E. faecali·kg−1 (EF). At the end of trial, 1 pig was randomly selected from for each pen (6 pigs per treatment group) and these 18 piglets were orally challenged with LPS 25 μg·kg−1 body weight. The result showed that piglets fed C. butyricum and E. faecalis had greater final BW compared with the control piglets (P < 0.05). The C. butyricum and E. faecalis fed piglets had lower levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), IL-1β, tumor inflammatory factor-α (TNF-α), and had greater level of serum interferon-γ (IFN-γ) than control piglets at 1.5 and 3 h after injection with LPS (P < 0.05). Furthermore, piglets in the C. butyricum or E. faecalis treatment groups had a greater ratio of jejunal villus height to crypt depth (V/C) compared with control piglets after challenge with LPS for 3 h (P < 0.05). Compared with the control treatment, the CB and EF treatments significantly decreased the expression of inflammation-related pathway factors (TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB) after challenge with LPS for 3 h (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing revealed that C. butyricum and E. faecalis modulated bacterial diversity in the colon. The species richness and alpha diversity (Shannon) of bacterial samples in CB or EF piglets challenged with LPS were higher than those in LPS-challenged control piglets. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Bacteroidales-Rikenellanceae in the CB group was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05), whereas EF piglets had a higher relative abundance of Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus gasseri (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with C. butyricum or E. faecalis promoted growth performance, improved immunity, relieved intestinal villus damage and inflammation, and optimized the intestinal flora in LPS-challenged weaned piglets.

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PSIV-B-37 Late-Breaking: Dietary organic and medium chain fatty acids as antibiotic substitutes improve growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology and microbiota of weaned piglets orally challenged with Escherichia coli K88

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skz258.654 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 325-326

Author(s):

Junmin Zhang ◽

Chaohua Tang ◽

Yunsheng Han

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Immune Function ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Weaned Piglets ◽

Villus Height ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids

Abstract This study was conducted to determine the effects of organic and medium chain fatty acids (OMCFA) as antibiotic substitutes on growth performance, immune function, intestinal morphology, and ileum microbiota of weaned piglets challenged with Escherichia coli K88. Over 28 days, 150 weaned piglets (28-day old, 8.80 ± 0.19 kg) were allocated to five treatments (with five replicates of six piglets each): negative basal diet (NBD), positive basal diet (PBD), antibiotic growth promoters diet (AGPD, BD+0.04 g/kg zinc bacitracin, 0.03 g/kg chlortetracycline, and 0.05 g/kg kitasamycin), OMCFA 1 diet (BD+0.2% OMCFA, OMCFA is a synergistic blend of a phenolic compound, slow release C12, target release butyrates, formic, acetic, lactic, propionic, citric, sorbic acid), and OMCFA 2 diet (Day 1 to 14: BD+0.8% OMCFA, Day 15 to 28: BD+0.6% OMCFA). On the 15th day, piglets in the PBD, AGPD, OMCFA 1, and OMCFA 2 treatment groups were orally challenged with 20 mL Escherichia coli K88 (108 CFU/mL). Body weight on day 14 and average daily gain from 1st to 14th day of the subjects in the AGPD and OMCFA 1 groups were higher than those in the NBD and PBD groups (P < 0.05). Diarrhea rate after challenge was lower in the AGPD group than PBD one, and there was no significant difference between the AGPD and OMCFA 1 group. OMCFA decreased total leukocytes and the percentage of neutrophils (P < 0.05), increased the percentage of lymphocytes (P < 0.05), on day 14, and increased villus height and villus height/crypt depth ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, compared with PBD group. 16S rDNA sequencing showed that OMCFA might stabilize the ileum microbiota caused by E. coli K88 challenge. These results indicated that OMCFA could be used as potential alternatives to AGPs in weaned piglets.

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Effects of Clostridium butyricum and corn bran supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, faecal volatile fatty acids and microbiota in weaned pigs

Journal of Applied Animal Research ◽

10.1080/09712119.2020.1789646 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 48 (1) ◽

pp. 313-319

Author(s):

Gang Zhang ◽

Jinbiao Zhao ◽

Ling Liu ◽

Shuai Zhang

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Clostridium Butyricum ◽

Weaned Pigs ◽

Corn Bran

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The effect of supplemental bioactive fatty acids on growth performance and immune function of milk-fed Holstein dairy calves during heat stress

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114521000908 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-38

Author(s):

B. Mohtashami ◽

H. Khalilvandi-Behroozyar ◽

R. Pirmohammadi ◽

M. Dehghan-Banadaky ◽

M. Kazemi-Bonchenari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Immune Function ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Dairy Calves ◽

Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Bioactive Fatty Acids ◽

Hot Season ◽

Experimental Treatments

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different supplemental fat sources [soybean oil (SBO) as a source of n-6 fatty acid and fish oil (FO) as a source of n-3 fatty acids] in the starter feed of milk-fed dairy calves during the hot season. Forty Holstein calves (3 d of age; 39.67 kg of body weight; ten calves per group) were randomly assigned to the experimental treatments as follows: (1) starter feed supplemented with no fat source (CON), (2) starter feed supplemented with 3% SBO (DM basis), (3) starter feed supplemented with 3% FO (DM basis), and (4) starter feed supplemented with an equal mixture of SBO and FO (1.5% each, DM basis). The milk feeding schedule was constant for treatments and all calves were weaned on d 65 of age. Results show that calves had greater starter intake, average daily gain, and body length when fed SBO compared to other treatments. However, feed efficiency was increased and inflammatory indicators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, serum amyloid A and haptoglobin) concentrations were reduced in the calves fed FO compared to the other treatments. In summary, it was revealed that SBO rich in n-6 FA improved starter intake and growth performance, while FO rich in n-3 FA could improve the immune function of calves. Due to the current experimental condition, an equal mixture of SBO and FO (1.5% each, DM basis) can be recommended to have an optimum growth performance and immune function while the calves are reared under the heat conditions.

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Effects of Clostridium butyricum- and Bacillus spp.-Based Potential Probiotics on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Morphology, Immune Responses, and Caecal Microbiota in Broilers

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060624 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 624

Author(s):

Xinfu Zeng ◽

Qing Li ◽

Caimei Yang ◽

Yang Yu ◽

Zixian Fu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Clostridium Butyricum ◽

Intestinal Morphology ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Body Weights ◽

Bacillus Spp

We aimed to investigate the effects of Clostridium butyricum-, Bacillus subtilis-, and Bacillus licheniformis-based potential probiotics on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, immune responses, and caecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and microbial structure in broiler chickens. Three treatment groups containing a total of 1200 one-day-old AA broilers were included: birds fed with a basal diet only (Con), birds fed with added 1010 probiotics cfu/kg (ProL), and birds fed with added 1011 probiotics cfu/kg (ProH). The dietary probiotics significantly improved the final and average body weights and serum immunoglobulins A, M, and Y. The probiotics also enhanced the ileal morphology and improved the caecal acetate, butyrate, and propionate contents. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that dietary compound probiotics modulated the caecal microflora composition as follows: (1) all birds shared 2794 observed taxonomic units; (2) treatment groups were well separated in the PCA and PCoA analysis; (3) the relative abundance of Parabacteroides, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, Barnesiella, Odoribacter, [Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group], [Ruminococcus]_torques_group, and Butyricimonas significantly varied between treatments. The compound probiotics improved the growth performance, serum immune responses, the ratio of ileal villus height to crypt depth, and major caecal SCFAs in broiler chickens. The dietary C. butyricum-, B. subtilis-, and B. licheniformis-based probiotics improved overall broiler health and would benefit the poultry industry.

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Effect of probiotic Clostridium butyricum CBM 588 on microbiota and growth performance of broiler chickens

Czech Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.17221/143/2019-cjas ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 64 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 387-394

Author(s):

Roman Svejstil ◽

Vladimir Plachy ◽

Miroslav Joch ◽

Hana Salmonova ◽

Dagmar Duskova ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Performance ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Animal Feed ◽

Anaerobic Bacteria ◽

Clostridium Butyricum ◽

Feed Additive ◽

Plate Count ◽

The European Union ◽

Plate Count Method

Clostridium butyricum CBM 588 is used as a probiotic in eastern Asian countries and has been recently approved as an animal feed additive in the European Union. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of C. butyricum MIYAIRI 588 (CBM 588) on abundance of selected genera of caecal and crop bacteria, volatile fatty acids and growth performance of broiler chickens. We studied counts of anaerobic bacteria in caeca and crops of broiler chickens by plate-count method and evaluated their growth performance. CBM 588 significantly reduced E. coli counts in caeca of broiler chickens at days 10 and 42 and also enhanced their growth performance. Additionally, it significantly increased the amount of butyrate in the caeca that provides energy to enterocytes, resulting in increased weight gains. Out of the obtained results we conclude that C. butyricum CBM 588 influences caecal microbiota of broiler chickens and positively affects their growth performance.

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