Perigestational high folic acid: impact on offspring's peripheral metabolic response

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7216-7226
Author(s):  
Ana Tojal ◽  
Catarina Neves ◽  
Hugo Veiga ◽  
Sílvia Ferreira ◽  
Ilda Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy

Perigestational excess folic acid programmed offspring to increased weight gain, but also to adipocyte hypertrophy, associated with Lpl upregulation, and to hyperglycemia, possibly due to VAT and skeletal muscle Glut4 downregulation.

Metabolic Response to Fasting Predicts Weight Gain During Low-Protein Overfeeding: Further Evidence for Spendthrift and Thrifty Metabolic Phenotypes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Hollstein ◽  
Takafumi Ando ◽  
Alessio Basolo ◽  
Jonathan Krakoff ◽  
Susanne Votruba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Low Protein

METABOLIC RESPONSE TO MALE HORMONE AND THYROID ACTIVITY IN THE INDIAN GARDEN LIZARD, CALOTES VERSICOLOR

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHA CHANDOLA ◽  
D. SURESH KUMAR ◽  
J. P. THAPLIYAL
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Tissue Oxygen ◽  
Thyroid Activity ◽  
Physiological Importance ◽  
Calotes Versicolor ◽  
Isolated Liver ◽  
Male Hormone

SUMMARY Thyroidectomy and orchidectomy led to significant reduction in the oxidative metabolism of isolated liver and skeletal muscle tissue (at 30 °C) in Calotes versicolor. Thyroxine and male hormone were shown to increase this parameter in intact and orchidectomized lizards respectively. The effects of thyroidectomy and orchidectomy on tissue oxygen uptake were not additive. It is supposed that by its effect on oxidative metabolism male hormone may be of a greater physiological importance for reptiles than for other vertebrates. The present results show also that changes in environmental temperature can counteract the depressive effect of orchidectomy on the thyroid of this species of lizard.

scholarly journals Biochemical approaches for nutritional support of skeletal muscle protein metabolism during sepsis

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Vary ◽  
Christopher J. Lynch
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Protein ◽  
Catabolic State ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Induced Defects

Sepsis initiates a unique series of modifications in the homeostasis of N metabolism and profoundly alters the integration of inter-organ cooperatively in the overall N and energy economy of the host. The net effect of these alterations is an overall N catabolic state, which seriously compromises recovery and is semi-refractory to treatment with current therapies. These alterations lead to a functional redistribution of N (amino acids and proteins) and substrate metabolism among injured tissues and major body organs. The redistribution of amino acids and proteins results in a quantitative reordering of the usual pathways of C and N flow within and among regions of the body with a resultant depletion of the required substrates and cofactors in important organs. The metabolic response to sepsis is a highly integrated, complex series of reactions. To understand the regulation of the response to sepsis, a comprehensive, integrated analysis of the fundamental physiological relationships of key metabolic pathways and mechanisms in sepsis is essential. The catabolism of skeletal muscles, which is manifested by an increase in protein degradation and a decrease in synthesis, persists despite state-of-the-art nutritional care. Much effort has focused on the modulation of the overall amount of nutrients given to septic patients in a hope to improve efficiencies in utilisation and N economies, rather than the support of specific end-organ targets. The present review examines current understanding of the processes affected by sepsis and testable means to circumvent the sepsis-induced defects in protein synthesis in skeletal muscle through increasing provision of amino acids (leucine, glutamine, or arginine) that in turn act as nutrient signals to regulate a number of cellular processes.

scholarly journals Sexual Dimorphism in Changes That Occur in Tissues, Organs and Plasma during the Early Stages of Obesity Development

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 717
Author(s):  
Priyanka Dhanraj ◽  
Marlene B. van Heerden ◽  
Michael S. Pepper ◽  
Melvin A. Ambele
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Macrophage Infiltration ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Plasma Hormones ◽  
Clinical Changes

Despite obesity being a major health concern, information on the early clinical changes that occur in plasma and tissues during obesity development and the influence of sexual dimorphism is lacking. This study investigated changes in tissue and organ histology, macrophage infiltration, plasma hormones, lipid, and chemokine and cytokine levels in mice fed on a high fat diet for 11-weeks. An increase in adiposity, accompanied by adipocyte hypertrophy and macrophage infiltration, was observed to be significantly greater in males than females. Important changes in cell morphology and histology were noted in the lungs, liver, kidney, spleen, and heart, which may indicate early signs for developing obesity associated comorbidities. Leptin, but not adiponectin, was significantly altered during weight gain. Additionally, leptin, but not adiposity, correlated with insulin levels. Interestingly, GM-CSF, TNFα, and IL-12 (p70) were not produced in the early stages of obesity development. Meanwhile, the production of MCP-1, IP-10, RANTES, IL-10, IL-6, KC, and IL-9 were greatly influenced by sexual dimorphism. Importantly, IL-6/IL-10 axis of anti-inflammatory cytokine regulation was observed only in females and may account for their significantly lower weight gain compared to males. This study provides new knowledge on how sexual dimorphism may influence the development of obesity and associated comorbidities.

scholarly journals Skeletal muscle metabolic response to peripheral training in heart failure

1990 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. A258
Author(s):  
J.R. Minotti ◽  
E Johnson ◽  
T Hudson ◽  
G Zuroske ◽  
G Murata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Response

scholarly journals Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Benefits and Endpoints in Sport

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Gammone ◽  
Graziano Riccioni ◽  
Gaspare Parrinello ◽  
Nicolantonio D’Orazio
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Muscle Metabolism ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
And Performance

The influence of nutrition has the potential to substantially affect physical function and body metabolism. Particular attention has been focused on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), which can be found both in terrestrial features and in the marine world. They are responsible for numerous cellular functions, such as signaling, cell membrane fluidity, and structural maintenance. They also regulate the nervous system, blood pressure, hematic clotting, glucose tolerance, and inflammatory processes, which may be useful in all inflammatory conditions. Animal models and cell-based models show that n-3 PUFAs can influence skeletal muscle metabolism. Furthermore, recent human studies demonstrate that they can influence not only the exercise and the metabolic response of skeletal muscle, but also the functional response for a period of exercise training. In addition, their potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity may provide health benefits and performance improvement especially in those who practice physical activity, due to their increased reactive oxygen production. This review highlights the importance of n-3 PUFAs in our diet, which focuses on their potential healthy effects in sport.

Artificial selection for high-capacity endurance running is protective against high-fat diet-induced insulin resistance

2007 ◽  
Vol 293 (1) ◽  
pp. E31-E41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert C. Noland ◽  
John P. Thyfault ◽  
Sarah T. Henes ◽  
Brian R. Whitfield ◽  
Tracey L. Woodlief ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Endurance Running ◽  
Muscle Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

Elevated oxidative capacity, such as occurs via endurance exercise training, is believed to protect against the development of obesity and diabetes. Rats bred both for low (LCR)- and high (HCR)-capacity endurance running provide a genetic model with inherent differences in aerobic capacity that allows for the testing of this supposition without the confounding effects of a training stimulus. The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a high-fat diet (HFD) on weight gain patterns, insulin sensitivity, and fatty acid oxidative capacity in LCR and HCR male rats in the untrained state. Results indicate chow-fed LCR rats were heavier, hypertriglyceridemic, less insulin sensitive, and had lower skeletal muscle oxidative capacity compared with HCR rats. Upon exposure to an HFD, LCR rats gained more weight and fat mass, and their insulin resistant condition was exacerbated, despite consuming similar amounts of metabolizable energy as chow-fed controls. These metabolic variables remained unaltered in HCR rats. The HFD increased skeletal muscle oxidative capacity similarly in both strains, whereas hepatic oxidative capacity was diminished only in LCR rats. These results suggest that LCR rats are predisposed to obesity and that expansion of skeletal muscle oxidative capacity does not prevent excess weight gain or the exacerbation of insulin resistance on an HFD. Elevated basal skeletal muscle oxidative capacity and the ability to preserve liver oxidative capacity may protect HCR rats from HFD-induced obesity and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Specific skeletal muscle sphingolipid compounds in energy expenditure regulation and weight gain in Native Americans of Southwestern heritage

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
pp. 1585-1593 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Heinitz ◽  
P Piaggi ◽  
K L Vinales ◽  
A Basolo ◽  
J Spranger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Native Americans ◽  
Energy Expenditure
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