Metabolic Response to Fasting Predicts Weight Gain During Low-Protein Overfeeding: Further Evidence for Spendthrift and Thrifty Metabolic Phenotypes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Hollstein ◽  
Takafumi Ando ◽  
Alessio Basolo ◽  
Jonathan Krakoff ◽  
Susanne Votruba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Low Protein

scholarly journals Metabolic response to fasting predicts weight gain during low-protein overfeeding in lean men: further evidence for spendthrift and thrifty metabolic phenotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 593-604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Hollstein ◽  
Takafumi Ando ◽  
Alessio Basolo ◽  
Jonathan Krakoff ◽  
Susanne B Votruba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Metabolic Phenotype ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cumulative Energy ◽  
Bomb Calorimetry ◽  
Metabolic Phenotypes ◽  
Low Protein

ABSTRACT Background Greater increase in 24-h energy expenditure (24EE) during overfeeding and smaller decrease in 24EE during fasting (“spendthrift” metabolic phenotype) are associated with more weight loss during sustained caloric restriction in overweight subjects. Objectives The aim of this study was to investigate whether these acute metabolic responses can also predict weight gain during sustained overfeeding in lean individuals. Methods Seven lean men participated in this study. Prior to overfeeding, 24EE responses to fasting and 200% normal-protein overfeeding were measured in a whole-room indirect calorimeter. Volunteers underwent 6 wk of 150% low-protein (2%) overfeeding followed by another wk of weight-maintaining diet, during which 24EE was revaluated. Body composition, 24EE, and various hormone concentrations, including fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), were assessed at baseline, at wk 1, 3, and 6 of the overfeeding period, and 1 wk following overfeeding through the use of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, indirect calorimetry, and ELISA. Cumulative energy surplus was calculated from 24EE, daily physical activity, and direct measurements of calories of nutrient intake, feces, and urine by bomb calorimetry. Results The average weight gain during 6 wk of low-protein overfeeding was 3.8 kg (6.1%, min: +2.5%, max: +8.0%). During 24-h fasting at baseline, 24EE decreased on average (mean ± SD) by 158 ± 81 kcal/d (P = 0.007). Subjects with less 24EE decrease during fasting (more metabolically spendthrift individuals) gained less weight (r = −0.84, P = 0.03), less fat mass (r = −0.81, P = 0.049), and stored less calories (r = −0.91, P = 0.03) during overfeeding. Following overfeeding, increased 24EE above requirements for achieved body size was associated with less weight and fat mass gain (r = −0.78, P = 0.04) and with the increase in 24EE during 200% normal-protein overfeeding measured at baseline (r = 0.91, P = 0.005). Serum FGF21 concentrations increased up to 44-fold during overfeeding (P <  0.0001). Conclusions Low-protein overfeeding may be an important tool to identify metabolic phenotypes (spendthrift compared with thrifty) that characterize susceptibility to weight gain. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00687115.

scholarly journals Short-Term High-Starch, Low-Protein Diet Induces Reversible Increase in β-cell Mass Independent of Body Weight Gain in Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Masuda ◽  
Yusuke Seino ◽  
Masatoshi Murase ◽  
Shihomi Hidaka ◽  
Megumi Shibata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
High Starch

Long-term exposure to a high starch, low-protein diet (HSTD) induces body weight gain and hyperinsulinemia concomitantly with an increase in β-cell mass (BCM) and pancreatic islets number in mice; however, the effect of short-term exposure to HSTD on BCM and islet number has not been elucidated. In the present study, we investigated changes in body weight, plasma insulin levels, BCM and islet number in mice fed HSTD for 5 weeks followed by normal chow (NC) for 2 weeks. BCM and islet number were increased in mice fed HSTD for 5 weeks compared with those in mice fed NC. On the other hand, mice fed HSTD for 5 weeks followed by NC for 2 weeks (SN) showed decreased BCM and insulin levels, compared to mice fed HSTD for 7 weeks, and no significant differences in these parameters were observed between SN and the control NC at 7 weeks. No significant difference in body weight was observed among HSTD, NC and SN fed groups. These results suggest that a high-starch diet induces an increase in BCM in a manner independent of body weight gain, and that 2 weeks of NC feeding is sufficient for the reversal of the morphological changes induced in islets by HSTD feeding.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF DIETARY PROTEIN CONTENT ON Trypanosoma cruzi INFECTION IN GERMFREE AND CONVENTIONAL MICE

1998 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isa P. CINTRA ◽  
Marcelo E. SILVA ◽  
Marcílio E.C. SILVA ◽  
Márcio E. SILVA ◽  
L.C. C. AFONSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Trypanosoma Cruzi ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Blood Cell Count ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Deficient Diet ◽  
Red Blood Cell Count ◽  
Cruzi Infection ◽  
Microbiological Status

Germfree (GF) and conventional (CV) mice were fed on diets containing 4.4, 13.2 or 26.4% of protein (weight/weight). CV mice fed on low protein diet did not gain weight during four weeks, whereas the protein deficient diet did not affect the growth of GF mice. After four weeks on these diets, the mice were inoculated with 5x103 trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. The protein deficiency affected less the GF than the CV mice, according to the following parameters: weight gain, hemoglobin, plasma protein and albumin levels and water and protein contents of the carcass. Infection with T. cruzi produced a significant decrease in hemoglobin levels, red blood cell count, and water and protein contents in the carcass. This decrease was more pronounced in the GF mice. Histopathologically, there was no difference between the treatments in animals with the same microbiological status (GF or CV). However, the disease was more severe in the GF than in the CV mice.

Perigestational high folic acid: impact on offspring's peripheral metabolic response

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 7216-7226
Author(s):  
Ana Tojal ◽  
Catarina Neves ◽  
Hugo Veiga ◽  
Sílvia Ferreira ◽  
Ilda Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy

Perigestational excess folic acid programmed offspring to increased weight gain, but also to adipocyte hypertrophy, associated with Lpl upregulation, and to hyperglycemia, possibly due to VAT and skeletal muscle Glut4 downregulation.

scholarly journals Body composition and behaviour in adult rats are influenced by maternal diet, maternal age and high-fat feeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Ware ◽  
J.-P. Voigt ◽  
S. C. Langley-Evans
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Maternal Age ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Older Mothers ◽  
Maternal Undernutrition ◽  
Low Protein

AbstractFetal exposure to maternal undernutrition has lifelong consequences for physiological and metabolic function. Maternal low-protein diet is associated with an age-related phenotype in rats, characterised by a period of resistance to development of obesity in early adulthood, giving way to an obesity-prone, insulin-resistant state in later adulthood. Offspring of rats fed a control (18 % casein) or low-protein (9 % casein; LP) diet in pregnancy were challenged with a high-fat diet at 9 months of age. To assess whether other maternal factors modulated the programming effects of nutrition, offspring were studied from young (2–4 months old) and older (6–9 months old) mothers. Weight gain with a high-fat diet was attenuated in male offspring of older mothers fed LP (interaction of maternal age and diet; P = 0·011) and adipose tissue deposition was lower with LP feeding in both males and females (P < 0·05). Although the resistance to weight gain and adiposity was partially explained by lower energy intake in offspring of LP mothers (P < 0·001 males only), it was apparent that energy expenditure must be influenced by maternal diet and age. Assessment of locomotor activity indicated that energy expenditure associated with physical activity was unlikely to explain resistance to weight gain, but showed that offspring of older mothers were more anxious than those of younger mothers, with more rearing observed in a novel environment and on the elevated plus-maze. The data showed that in addition to maternal undernutrition, greater maternal age may influence development and long-term body composition in the rat.

The Protein and Energy Metabolic Response of Skeletal Muscle to the Low-Protein Diets in Growing Pigs

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (39) ◽  
pp. 8544-8551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yinghui Li ◽  
Fengna Li ◽  
Yehui Duan ◽  
Qiuping Guo ◽  
Wenlong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Protein Diets

scholarly journals Effect of an adequate-protein diet after a low-protein diet on protein catabolism in growing rats

1973 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshimitsu Horie ◽  
Kiyoshi Ashida
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
N Balance ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Protein Catabolism ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Liver Slices

1. Metabolic alterations related to protein catabolism were studied in rats in transitional states induced by changing from a low-protein (LP) (50 g casein/kg) diet to a high-protein (HP) (250 g casein/kg) diet.2. Twenty-four hours after the diet was changed, the rats showed a more rapid increase in live-weight gain than controls that had been fed on the HP diet throughout. On the 5th day after the diet change, their increase in body-weight had returned almost to the control rate. Food and therefore nitrogen intakes on the 1st and 5th days after the change in diet were the same as those of the controls. It seems likely therefore that the initial high rate of live-weight gain is an indication of a metabolic adaptation which occurred on the LP diet and which did not fully return to normal until the 5th day after the change of diet.3. N balance was higher 24 h after the change in diet than in the controls, owing to a reduction in total urinary N and in urea excretion, but when measured on the 5th day it was similar in both groups.4. Carcass N determination showed that, after 7 d on the LP diet total-, trichloroacetic acid (TCA)-soluble- and TCA-insoluble-N contents (in terms of mg/g rat) were all slightly lower than control values but they had almost returned to normal 5 d after the diet change. There was a significant increase in the TCA-soluble-N content after 24 h on the HP diet to a value greater than the control value.5. Proteolysis was measured in vitro by incubation of liver slices and diaphragms under anaerobic conditions. With liver slices it was significantly lower 24 h after the diet change than in control rats. On the 5th day it was significantly higher than 24 h after the diet change but had not quite reached the control level. In the diaphragm, proteolysis was also lower 1 d after the diet change, and had not increased at all by the 5th day.6. Ureogenesis in the liver was reduced significantly 24 h after the diet change and it had almost returned to the control level on the 5th day. On the other hand, arginase (L-arginine amidinohydrolase; EC 3·5·3·1) activity was significantly lower 24 h after the diet change and did return completely to the control level on the 5th day.7. These results show that the initial increased N balance and reduced N excretion were due to enzymic adaptation to the LP diet, the reduced N excretion being attributable to reduction in hepatic urea production.

scholarly journals Leucine and methionine deficiency impairs immunity to gastrointestinal parasites during lactation

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Sakkas ◽  
Leigh A. Jones ◽  
Jos G. M. Houdijk ◽  
Spiridoula Athanasiadou ◽  
Dave P. Knox ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Nippostrongylus Brasiliensis ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Methionine Deficiency ◽  
Lactational Performance ◽  
Very High

Lactating rats reinfected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis fed low-crude protein (CP) foods show reduced lactational performance and less resistance to parasites compared with their high-CP counterparts. Here, we hypothesised that feeding high-CP foods deficient in specific essential amino acids (AA) would result in similar penalties. Second-parity lactating rats, immunised with 1600 N. brasiliensis infective larvae before mating, were fed foods with either 250 (high protein; HP) or 150 (low protein; LP) g CP/kg, or were HP deficient in either leucine (HP-Leu) or methionine (HP-Met). On day 1 of lactation, litter size was standardised at twelve pups. On day 2, dams were either reinfected with 1600 N. brasiliensis larvae or sham-infected with PBS. Dams and litters were weighed daily until either day 8 or 11, when worm burdens, and inflammatory cells and systemic levels of N. brasiliensis-specific Ig isotypes were assessed. Data from five out of sixteen HP-Met rats were omitted due to very high levels of food refusals from parturition onwards. Relative to feeding HP foods, feeding LP, HP-Met and HP-Leu foods reduced dam weight gain and, to a lesser extent, litter weight gain, and increased the number of worm eggs in the colon, indicative of a reduction in resistance to parasites. However, only feeding LP and HP-Leu foods resulted in increased worm numbers, while none of the feeding treatments affected systemic Ig, mast and goblet cells, and eosinophil numbers. The present results support the view that resistance to parasites during lactation may be sensitive to specific essential AA scarcity.

scholarly journals Metabolic impact of weight variations in Icelandic horses

PeerJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. e10764
Author(s):  
Julien Delarocque ◽  
Florian Frers ◽  
Korinna Huber ◽  
Klaus Jung ◽  
Karsten Feige ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Insulin Response ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Dysregulation ◽  
One Year ◽  
Rotation Set ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Icelandic Horses

Background Insulin dysregulation (ID) is an equine endocrine disorder, which is often accompanied by obesity and various metabolic perturbations. The relationship between weight variations and fluctuations of the insulin response to oral glucose tests (OGT) as well as the metabolic impact of ID have been described previously. The present study seeks to characterize the concomitant metabolic impact of variations in the insulin response and bodyweight during repeated OGTs using a metabolomics approach. Methods Nineteen Icelandic horses were subjected to five OGTs over one year and their bodyweight, insulin and metabolic response were monitored. Analysis of metabolite concentrations depending on time (during the OGT), relative bodyweight (rWeight; defined as the bodyweight at one OGT divided by the mean bodyweight across all OGTs) and relative insulin response (rAUCins; defined accordingly from the area under the insulin curve during OGT) was performed using linear models. Additionally, the pathways significantly associated with time, rWeight and rAUCins were identified by rotation set testing. Results The results suggested that weight gain and worsening of ID activate distinct metabolic pathways. The metabolic profile associated with weight gain indicated an increased activation of arginase, while the pathways associated with time and rAUCins were consistent with the expected effect of glucose and insulin, respectively. Overall, more metabolites were significantly associated with rWeight than with rAUCins.

scholarly journals Effect of Homeopathic Medicine (Alfalfa), Methionine and Lysine Supplementation in Low Protein Based Diets on the Performance of Broiler Chicken

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-180
Author(s):  
D. Rawat ◽  
R. Shah ◽  
D.B. Nepali ◽  
J.L. Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Homeopathic Medicine ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Finisher Diets

An experiment was conducted, with objective to determine the feed consumption, final live weight, weight gain, feed efficiency and economy in broiler chicken fed with locally available low protein based diets (20 percent CP in starter and 18 percent CP in finisher) supplemented with methionine, lysine and homeopathic medicine alfalfa. For this hundred fifty day-old birds of commercial broiler (Vencobb) were randomly assigned to five dietary treatments(10 chicks/treatment) and replicated three times in CRD with treatments composition of low protein based diets (LPB)  (T0), LPB+ 100g/100 met + 300g/100  lysine (T1), LPB + 200g/100 met +300g/100lysine (T2), LPB + Alfalfa 5ml/100 chicks 2 day in week with drinking water (T3) and LPB + Alfalfa 5ml/100 chicks 3 day in week with drinking water (T4). Synthetic methionine and lysine was used for supplementation of deficient amino acid. Same condition was applied in finisher diets of broiler chicken. The result showed that chicks fed with LPB in both starter and finisher diet had significantly (P<0.05) lower feed intake, final live weight , total weight gain, feed efficiency and income over feed and chicks cost (IOFCC) with compromising chicks fed with LPB with addition of methionine and lysine each and also homeopathic medicine alfalfa in starter and finisher period. Highest feed intake, final live weight, weight gain, feed efficiency was obtained with treatment (T1) followed by treatment (T2). However, positive growth response and better health status of chicks was also observed from supplementation of homeopathic medicine alfalfa with LPB and non-significant difference on Income Over Feed and Chicks Cost was obtained with treatment (T1). So, it was concluded that with supplemental methionine, lysine and alfalfa, the CP level of broiler chicks could be reduced up to 20 percent in starter and 18 percent in finisher diets without adverse effect on feed intake, final live weight, weight gain, feed efficiency and Income overfeed and chicks cost, provided under locally based feed ingredients.Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 6(2): 174-180 

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