scholarly journals Single cell migration profiling on a microenvironmentally tunable hydrogel microstructure device that enables stem cell potency evaluation

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
pp. 958-972
Author(s):  
Enrique Ros ◽  
Matías Encina ◽  
Fabián González ◽  
Rafael Contreras ◽  
Patricia Luz-Crawford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Single Cell

Detailed cell migration profiling allows for accurate correlations with therapeutic functions of mesenchymal stem cells.

scholarly journals Dependence of Spreading and Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Micropatterned Surface Area

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Song ◽  
Naoki Kawazoe ◽  
Guoping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Adipogenic Differentiation ◽  
Cell Spreading ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Cell Array ◽  
Cell Functions

Micropatterning technology is a highly advantageous approach for directly assessing and comparing the effects of different factors on stem cell functions. In this study, poly(vinyl alcohol)- (PVA-) micropatterned polystyrene surfaces were prepared using photoreactive PVA and ultraviolet photolithography with a photomask. The micropatterned surface was suitable for single-cell array formation and long-term cell culture due to the nanometer thickness of nonadhesive PVA layer. Different degrees of cell spreading with the same cell shape were established by adjusting the sizes of circular, cell-adhesive polystyrene micropatterns. Cell spreading and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the micropatterns were investigated at the single-cell level. The assembly and organization of the cytoskeleton were regulated by the degree of cell spreading. Individual MSCs on large circular micropatterns exhibited a more highly ordered arrangement of actin filaments than did those on the small circular micropatterns. Furthermore, the differentiation of MSCs was dependent on the degree of cell spreading. Increased cell spreading facilitated the osteogenic differentiation but suppressed the adipogenic differentiation of MSCs. This micropatterning method is valuable for stem cell research in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.

218. Homeobox gene HLX is expressed in choriodecidua mesenchymal stem cells and regulates their ability to migrate

2008 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
S. Qin ◽  
P. Murthi ◽  
S. Brennecke ◽  
B. Kalionis
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Migration ◽  
Homeobox Gene ◽  
Fetal Membranes ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Cytotrophoblast Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Migration ◽  
Two Samples

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be prepared from the placenta (PMSC) and the choriodecidua component of the fetal membranes (CDMSC). PMSCs and CDMSCs share basic stem cell properties with adult MSCs but differ in their gene expression profiles and ultrastructure, showing features of more primitive and metabolically quiescent stem cells (1). Homeobox gene transcription factors are critical markers for identifying stem cells and they regulate important stem cell functions. Our laboratory showed the homeobox gene HLX is expressed in the placenta and the choriodecidua component of the fetal membranes, and is a regulator of proliferation in placental cells (2). In this study, our aim was to determine whether HLX was expressed in CDMSCs and to use short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) to specifically inactivate HLX and determine the effect on CDMSC function. Complementary DNA was prepared from CDMSCs and RT–PCR using HLX-specific primers generated the expected band size of 485bp following agarose gel electrophoresis (n = 3). At the protein level, HLX expression was detected in the nuclei of CDMSCs using immunocytochemistry. The expected HLX protein product was detected at ~50kDa using western blotting (n = 3). Conditions were optimised for the use of short interfering RNAs (siRNA) to decrease HLX expression in CDMSCs with 5nM giving the most efficient downregulation. Two independent siRNAs were tested (HLXsi3–4) and of these, HLXsi4 resulted in significantly decreased HLX mRNA levels in CDMSCs as shown by real-time PCR (0.66 ± 0.08, P = 0.03, n = 3). Functional assays to measure stem cell migration were carried out in quadriplicates on two samples. 10000 cells were placed on one side of a filter and the number of cells that migrated to the other side of the filter was stained and densitometric analysis was carried out using Axiovision image analysis software. These results suggest that the HLXsi4-mediated decrease in HLX expression resulted in reduced CDMSC migration (2.6x103 ± 401 v. 1.3x103 ± 225 densitometric units, P = 0.02). Therefore, HLX may play a role in stem cell migration. (1) Pasquinelli G, Tazzari P, Ricci F, Vaselli C, Buzzi M, Conte R, Orrico C, Foroni L, Stella A, Alviano F, Bagnara GP and Lucarelli E., Ultrastructural characteristics of human mesenchymal stromal. (2) Rajaraman G, Murthi P, Quinn L, Brennecke SP, Kalionis B. Homeodomain protein HLX is expressed primarily in cytotrophoblast cell types in the early pregnancy human placenta. Reprod Fertil Dev. 2008. (3) Rajaraman G, Murthi P, Leo B, Brennecke SP and Kalionis B. Homeobox gene HLX1 is a regulator of colony stimulating factor-1 dependent trophoblast cell proliferation. Placenta. 2007. 28(10):991–8.

scholarly journals Single-Cell Atlas Reveals Fatty Acid Metabolites Regulate the Functional Heterogeneity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayi Xie ◽  
Qi Lou ◽  
Yunxin Zeng ◽  
Yingying Liang ◽  
Siyu Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cellular Heterogeneity ◽  
Functional Heterogeneity ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Hematopoietic Stem ◽  
Hsc Niche

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are widely used clinically due to their versatile roles in multipotency, immunomodulation, and hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) niche function. However, cellular heterogeneity limits MSCs in the consistency and efficacy of their clinical applications. Metabolism regulates stem cell function and fate decision; however, how metabolites regulate the functional heterogeneity of MSCs remains elusive. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing, we discovered that fatty acid pathways are involved in the regulation of lineage commitment and functional heterogeneity of MSCs. Functional assays showed that a fatty acid metabolite, butyrate, suppressed the self-renewal, adipogenesis, and osteogenesis differentiation potential of MSCs with increased apoptosis. Conversely, butyrate supplement significantly promoted HSC niche factor expression in MSCs, which suggests that butyrate supplement may provide a therapeutic approach to enhance their HSC niche function. Overall, our work demonstrates that metabolites are essential to regulate the functional heterogeneity of MSCs.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells and their Exosomes: Promising Therapeutics for Chronic Pain

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 644-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinxuan Ren ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Na Sun ◽  
Kehan Zhang ◽  
Lina Yu
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Pain Models ◽  
Inflammatory Drugs ◽  
Anxiety Depression

Chronic pain is a common condition that seriously affects the quality of human life with variable etiology and complicated symptoms; people who suffer from chronic pain may experience anxiety, depression, insomnia, and other harmful emotions. Currently, chronic pain treatments are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and opioids; these drugs are demonstrated to be insufficient and cause severe side effects. Therefore, research into new therapeutic strategies for chronic pain is a top priority. In recent years, stem cell transplantation has been demonstrated to be a potent alternative for the treatment of chronic pain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a type of pluripotent stem cell, exhibit multi-directional differentiation, promotion of stem cell implantation, and immune regulation; they have also been shown to exert analgesic effects in several chronic pain models. Exosomes produced by MSCs have been demonstrated to relieve painful symptoms with fewer side effects. In this review, we summarize the therapeutic use of MSCs in various chronic pain studies. We also discuss ways to enhance the treatment effect of MSCs. We predict in the future, cell-free therapies for chronic pain will develop from exosomes secreted by MSCs.

Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Treatment of Cartilage Defects of the Knee: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 036354652098681
Author(s):  
Monketh Jaibaji ◽  
Rawan Jaibaji ◽  
Andrea Volpin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Osteochondral Lesions ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Osteochondral Defects

Background: Osteochondral lesions are a common clinical problem and their management has been historically challenging. Mesenchymal stem cells have the potential to differentiate into chondrocytes and thus restore hyaline cartilage to the defect, theoretically improving clincal outcomes in these patients. They can also be harvested with minimal donor site morbidity. Purpose: To assess the clinical and functional outcomes of mesenchymal stem cell implantation to treat isolated osteochondral defects of the knee. A secondary purpose is to assess the quality of the current available evidence as well as the radiological and histological outcomes. We also reviewed the cellular preparation and operative techniques for implantation. Study Design: Systematic review. Methods: A comprehensive literature search of 4 databases was carried out: CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, and PubMed. We searched for clinical studies reporting the outcomes on a minimum of 5 patients with at least 12 months of follow-up. Clinical, radiological, and histological outcomes were recorded. We also recorded demographics, stem cell source, culture technique, and operative technique. Methodological quality of each study was assessed using the modified Coleman methodology score, and risk of bias for the randomized controlled studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Results: Seventeen studies were found, encompassing 367 patients. The mean patient age was 35.1 years. Bone marrow was the most common source of stem cells utilized. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy consistently demonstrated good short- to medium-term outcomes in the studies reviewed with no serious adverse events being recorded. There was significant heterogeneity in cell harvesting and preparation as well as in the reporting of outcomes. Conclusion: Mesenchymal stem cells demonstrated a clinically relevant improvement in outcomes in patients with osteochondral defects of the knee. More research is needed to establish an optimal treatment protocol, long-term outcomes, and superiority over other therapies. Registration: CRD42020179391 (PROSPERO).

scholarly journals Synergy of molecularly mobile polyrotaxane surfaces with endothelial cell co-culture for mesenchymal stem cell mineralization

RSC Advances ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (30) ◽  
pp. 18685-18692
Author(s):  
Hiroki Masuda ◽  
Yoshinori Arisaka ◽  
Masahiro Hakariya ◽  
Takanori Iwata ◽  
Tetsuya Yoda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Endothelial Cell ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cell ◽  
Molecular Mobility ◽  
Culture System

Molecular mobility of polyrotaxane surfaces promoted mineralization in a co-culture system of mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells.

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