Chiral nanohole arrays

Abstract Plasmonic sensors exhibit tremendous potential to accomplish real-time, label-free, and high-sensitivity biosensing. Gold nanohole array (GNA) is one of the classic plasmonic nanostructures that can be readily fabricated and integrated into microfluidic platforms for a variety of applications. Even though GNA has been widely studied, new phenomena and applications are still emerging continuously expanding its capabilities. In this article, we demonstrated narrow-band high-order resonances enabled by Rayleigh anomaly in the nanohole arrays that are fabricated by scalable colloidal lithography. We fabricated large-area GNAs with different hole diameters, and investigated their transmission characteristics both numerically and experimentally. We showed that mode hybridization between the plasmon mode of the nanoholes and Rayleigh anomaly of the array could give rise to high-quality decapole resonance with a unique nearfield profile. We experimentally achieved a refractive index sensitivity, i.e., RIS up to 407 nm/RIU. More importantly, we introduced a spectrometer-free refractive index sensing based on lens-free smartphone imaging of GNAs with (intensity) sensitivity up to 137%/RIU. Using this platform, we realized the label-free detection of BSA molecules with concentration as low as 10−8 M. We believe our work could pave the way for highly sensitive and compact point-of-care devices with cost-effective and high-throughput plasmonic chips.

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Graphene-enhanced plasmonic nanohole arrays for environmental sensing in aqueous samples

Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology ◽

10.3762/bjnano.7.150 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. 1564-1573 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Christa Genslein ◽

Peter Hausler ◽

Eva-Maria Kirchner ◽

Rudolf Bierl ◽

Antje J Baeumner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

Limit Of Detection ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Gold Films ◽

Label Free ◽

Sensor Surface ◽

Nanohole Array ◽

Reduced Graphene ◽

Nanohole Arrays

The label-free nature of surface plasmon resonance techniques (SPR) enables a fast, specific, and sensitive analysis of molecular interactions. However, detection of highly diluted concentrations and small molecules is still challenging. It is shown here that in contrast to continuous gold films, gold nanohole arrays can significantly improve the performance of SPR devices in angle-dependent measurement mode, as a signal amplification arises from localized surface plasmons at the nanostructures. This leads consequently to an increased sensing capability of molecules bound to the nanohole array surface. Furthermore, a reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sensor surface was layered over the nanohole array. Reduced graphene oxide is a 2D nanomaterial consisting of sp2-hybridized carbon atoms and is an attractive receptor surface for SPR as it omits any bulk phase and therefore allows fast response times. In fact, it was found that nanohole arrays demonstrated a higher shift in the resonance angle of 250–380% compared to a continuous gold film. At the same time the nanohole array structure as characterized by its diameter-to-periodicity ratio had minimal influence on the binding capacity of the sensor surface. As a simple and environmentally highly relevant model, binding of the plasticizer diethyl phthalate (DEP) via π-stacking was monitored on the rGO gold nanohole array realizing a limit of detection of as low as 20 nM. The concentration-dependent signal change was studied with the best performing rGO-modified nanohole arrays. Compared to continuous gold films a diameter-to-periodicity ratio (D/P) of 0.43 lead to a 12-fold signal enhancement. Finally, the effect of environmental waters on the sensor was evaluated using samples from sea, lake and river waters spiked with analytically relevant amounts of DEP during which significant changes in the SPR signal are observed. It is expected that this concept can be successfully transferred to enhance the sensitivity in SPR sensors.

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Impact of metal crystallinity-related morphologies on the sensing performance of plasmonic nanohole arrays

Nanoscale ◽

10.1039/d0nr00619j ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (14) ◽

pp. 7577-7585 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mansoor Ali Khan ◽

Ying Zhu ◽

Yin Yao ◽

Pengfei Zhang ◽

Arti Agrawal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Nanohole Array ◽

Array Sensor ◽

Grain Sizes ◽

Nanohole Arrays ◽

Sensing Performance

Low surface roughness and large metal grain sizes improve the sensitivity of a plasmonic nanohole array sensor.

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Tailoring plasmonic properties of gold nanohole arrays for surface-enhanced Raman scattering

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics ◽

10.1039/c4cp05291a ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (33) ◽

pp. 21211-21219 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Peng Zheng ◽

Scott K. Cushing ◽

Savan Suri ◽

Nianqiang Wu

Keyword(s):

Raman Scattering ◽

Tuning Range ◽

Nanosphere Lithography ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽

Nanohole Array ◽

Surface Enhanced ◽

Nanohole Arrays ◽

Surface Enhanced Raman ◽

Enhanced Raman Scattering ◽

Plasmonic Tuning

The wide plasmonic tuning range of nanotriangle and nanohole array patterns fabricated by nanosphere lithography makes them promising in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensors.

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Passivated Aluminum Nanohole Arrays for Label-Free Biosensing Applications

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ◽

10.1021/am404509f ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 1005-1010 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

Víctor Canalejas-Tejero ◽

Sonia Herranz ◽

Alyssa Bellingham ◽

María Cruz Moreno-Bondi ◽

Carlos Angulo Barrios

Keyword(s):

Label Free ◽

Nanohole Arrays

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Fabrication of Size Controlled Nanohole Array on III-V Semiconductor Substrate by ICP-RIE Using Nanoporous Alumina Mask

Solid State Phenomena ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.124-126.1301 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 124-126 ◽

pp. 1301-1304

Author(s):

Mi Jung ◽

Seok Lee ◽

Young Tae Byun ◽

Young Min Jhon ◽

Sun Ho Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acid Solution ◽

Gaas Substrate ◽

Electronic Device ◽

Hole Density ◽

Semiconductor Substrate ◽

Mixed Gas ◽

Nanohole Array ◽

Nanoporous Alumina ◽

Nanohole Arrays ◽

Size Controlled

Formation of size controlled nanohole arrays on semiconductor substrate can be used variously in applications of photonic and electronic device. The unique structure of nanoporous alumina was directly used as an etching mask for pattern transfer into the GaAs substrate. Using the alumina masks prepared at the anodic voltage of 24 V in 0.3 M sulfuric acid solution and 40 V in 0.3 M oxalic acid solution, fabricated were the arrays of nanohole on GaAs substrate by inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE). The etching was conducted in a SiCl4/Ar mixed gas system. The uniform nanohole arrays were formed as replica of ordered lattice pattern of the mask. Depending on property of the alumina mask used, the size of nanohole was controlled to have hole diameter of 60 nm (with the hole density of 1.0 x 1010 cm-2) and of 30 nm (with the hole density of 2.7 x 1010 cm-2), respectively. So, the alumina mask attached on the GaAs substrate mainly determines the distribution and the size of the nanohole arrays. ICP-RIE using nanoporous alumina masks can control the size and the density of nanohole on compound semiconductor substrate.

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Large Area Nanohole Arrays for Sensing Fabricated by Interference Lithography

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s19092182 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 2182 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Chiara Valsecchi ◽

Luis Enrique Gomez Armas ◽

Jacson Weber de Menezes

Keyword(s):

Soft Lithography ◽

Focused Ion Beam ◽

Near Infrared ◽

Ion Beam ◽

Production Method ◽

Interference Lithography ◽

Visible Range ◽

Large Area ◽

Nanohole Array ◽

Nanohole Arrays

Several fabrication techniques are recently used to produce a nanopattern for sensing, as focused ion beam milling (FIB), e-beam lithography (EBL), nanoimprinting, and soft lithography. Here, interference lithography is explored for the fabrication of large area nanohole arrays in metal films as an efficient, flexible, and scalable production method. The transmission spectra in air of the 1 cm2 substrate were evaluated to study the substrate behavior when hole-size, periodicity, and film thickness are varied, in order to elucidate the best sample for the most effective sensing performance. The efficiency of the nanohole array was tested for bulk sensing and compared with other platforms found in the literature. The sensitivity of ~1000 nm/RIU, achieved with an array periodicity in the visible range, exceeds near infrared (NIR) performances previously reported, and demonstrates that interference lithography is one of the best alternative to other expensive and time-consuming nanofabrication methods.

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Super-resolution image-based tracking of drug distribution in mitcchondria of a label-free naturally derived drug molecules

Chemical Engineering Journal ◽

10.1016/j.cej.2021.132134 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 132134

Author(s):

Yongchun Wei ◽

Lingxiu Kong ◽

Huimin Chen ◽

Yuanyuan Liu ◽

Yifei Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Distribution ◽

Super Resolution ◽

Label Free ◽

Resolution Image ◽

Drug Molecules

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Nanohole Arrays as Optical and Fluidic Elements for Sensing

Volume 13: Nano-Manufacturing Technology; and Micro and Nano Systems, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/imece2008-67832 ◽

2008 ◽

Author(s):

Carlos Escobedo ◽

Fatemeh Eftekhari ◽

Jacqueline Ferreira ◽

Paul Wood ◽

Reuven Gordon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electromagnetic Waves ◽

Support Surface ◽

Nanohole Array ◽

Lab On Chip ◽

Enhanced Transmission ◽

Nanohole Arrays ◽

Film Layer ◽

Flow Through ◽

On Chip ◽

Array Sensing

Arrays of nanoholes in metal films present several opportunities as surface based sensors in lab-on-chip systems. Metallic nanohole arrays support surface electromagnetic waves that enable enhanced transmission through the holes and have been harnessed for chemical and biological sensing. Nanohole array based sensing performed to date has involved nanoholes that end shortly beyond the metallic film layer on a substrate such as glass. Such dead-ended holes fail to harness the potential of through-hole nanohole arrays including enhanced transport of reactants to the active area and a solution sieving action that is unique among surface-based sensing methods. In this work we investigate the potential of a flow-through-array sensing format.

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