Polyoxometalate-based composite materials in electrochemistry: state-of-the-art progress and future outlook

Abstract Policymakers employ economic sanctions to deal with a wide range of international challenges, making them an indispensable foreign policy tool. While scholarship on sanctions has tended to focus on the factors affecting their success, newer research programs have emerged that explore the reasons for why sanctions are threatened and initiated, the ways they are designed and enforced, and their consequences. This scholarship has yielded a wealth of new insights into how economic sanctions work, but most of those insights are based on sanctions observations from the 20th Century. The ways that policymakers employ sanctions have fundamentally changed over the past two decades, though, raising concerns about whether historically derived insights are still relevant to contemporary sanctions policies. In this forum, the contributors discuss the scholarly and policy-relevant insights of existing research on sanctions and then explore what gaps remain in our knowledge and new trends in sanctions policymaking. This forum will inform readers on the state of the art in sanctions research and propose avenues for future research.

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Intellectual Foundations of Current Research in Family Business: An Identification and Review of 25 Influential Articles

Family Business Review ◽

10.1177/0894486509357920 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 9-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 171

Author(s):

James J. Chrisman ◽

Franz W. Kellermanns ◽

Kam C. Chan ◽

Kartono Liano

Keyword(s):

Citation Analysis ◽

Family Business ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Family Businesses ◽

The State ◽

Current Understanding ◽

Future Research ◽

The Past ◽

Intellectual Foundations

This article identifies 25 articles that have been particularly influential in shaping the state of the art of research on family businesses. These works were identified based on a citation analysis of family business articles published over the past 6 years in the four journals that publish most of the research. The authors summarize those influential studies and discuss their most important contributions to scholars’ current understanding of family business. By identifying common themes among those studies, the authors are able to provide directions for future research in the field.

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Resilience Assessment Frameworks of Critical Infrastructures: State-of-the-Art Review

Buildings ◽

10.3390/buildings11100464 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 464

Author(s):

Dan Guo ◽

Ming Shan ◽

Emmanuel Kingsford Owusu

Keyword(s):

Literature Review ◽

Natural Disasters ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Future Research ◽

Critical Infrastructures ◽

The Past ◽

Comprehensive Literature Review ◽

The Common ◽

Key Indicators ◽

Resilience Assessment

During the past two decades, critical infrastructures (CIs) faced a growing number of challenges worldwide due to natural disasters and other disruptive events. To respond to and handle these disasters and disruptive events, the concept of resilience was introduced to CIs. Particularly, many institutions and scholars developed various types of frameworks to assess and enhance CI resilience. The purpose of this paper is to review the resilience assessment frameworks of the CIs proposed by quality papers published in the past decade, determine and analyze the common dimensions and the key indicators of resilience assessment frameworks of CIs, and propose possible opportunities for future research. To achieve these goals, a comprehensive literature review was conducted, which identified 24 resilience assessment frameworks from 24 quality papers. This paper contributes to the current body of resilience research by identifying the common dimensions and the key indicators of the resilience assessment frameworks proposed for CIs. In addition, this paper is beneficial to the practice, because it provides a comprehensive view of the resilience assessment frameworks of CIs from the perspective of implementation, and the indicators are pragmatic and actionable in practice.

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Environmental Peacebuilding

The Oxford Handbook of Peacebuilding, Statebuilding, and Peace Formation ◽

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190904418.013.40 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 562-578

Author(s):

Florian Krampe ◽

Ashok Swain

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Sustainable Management ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Future Research ◽

Environmental Cooperation ◽

The Past ◽

Current State ◽

Policy Arenas ◽

Looking Back ◽

Scholarly Attention

For international and domestic actors, postconflict situations constitute one of the most difficult policy arenas to understand and operate within. In this context, the sustainable management of natural resources to prevent conflict and build peace—before, during, or after conflict—has received increasing scholarly attention over the past three decades. Emphasizing the potential for environmental cooperation to support peace and stability, researchers have focused on the ecological foundations for a socially, economically, and politically resilient peace. This chapter takes stock of the current state of the art on environmental peacebuilding, providing a summary of the most common definitions before looking back at the development of environmental peacebuilding along the two most noticeable perspectives and the remaining challenges and pathways for future research.

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Trust in Social Dilemmas

10.1093/oso/9780190630782.001.0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Keyword(s):

Intergroup Relations ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Social Dilemmas ◽

Future Research ◽

Contemporary Society ◽

Societal Issues ◽

The Past ◽

The Social ◽

Emerging Themes ◽

Theoretical Developments

Trust is one of the most classic themes across the social and behavioral sciences. It is also a topic is that is strongly intertwined with cooperation and social dilemmas, and there is little doubt that trust is an effective tool to promote cooperation, even if cooperation without trust is possible under certain circumstances. The past decade has also increasingly revealed emerging themes, new theoretical developments, intriguing questions, and a challenging debate revolving around the evolution, as well as strengths and limitations, of trust in social dilemmas and other situations of interdependence. Major societal issues are partially issues of trust: the financial crisis and the refuge crisis are two examples. Why can systems of excessive bonuses emerge and survive? Why is it that we tend to approach individuals with a healthy dose of trust, but we tend to be suspicious of other groups—or even individual members of other groups? Some scientists make the claim that it is ultimately trust—or rather the lack of it—that undermines intergroup relations. One of the next challenges is to examine the workings of trust and how best to organize a system that exploits the opportunities of trust within groups and between groups in contemporary society. We hope this book provides a state of the art of this literature and that the themes discussed in this book will indeed turn out to be prominent ones in future research on trust in social dilemmas—whether they operate at the level of interpersonal or intergroup relations.

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Data-driven Crowd Modeling Techniques: A Survey

ACM Transactions on Modeling and Computer Simulation ◽

10.1145/3481299 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 1-33

Author(s):

Jinghui Zhong ◽

Dongrui Li ◽

Zhixing Huang ◽

Chengyu Lu ◽

Wentong Cai

Keyword(s):

Game Design ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Crowd Simulation ◽

Data Driven ◽

Future Research ◽

Crowd Modeling ◽

The Past ◽

Modeling Techniques ◽

Comprehensive Survey ◽

Data Driven Modeling

Data-driven crowd modeling has now become a popular and effective approach for generating realistic crowd simulation and has been applied to a range of applications, such as anomaly detection and game design. In the past decades, a number of data-driven crowd modeling techniques have been proposed, providing many options for people to generate virtual crowd simulation. This article provides a comprehensive survey of these state-of-the-art data-driven modeling techniques. We first describe the commonly used datasets for crowd modeling. Then, we categorize and discuss the state-of-the-art data-driven crowd modeling methods. After that, data-driven crowd model validation techniques are discussed. Finally, six promising future research topics of data-driven crowd modeling are discussed.

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A Comprehensive Review on the Development of Car Booster Seats for Children

Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology ◽

10.9734/cjast/2019/v38i130345 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-21

Author(s):

Ibun Nuraresya ◽

Umar Nirmal ◽

P. K. Ng

Keyword(s):

Research And Development ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Future Research ◽

Traffic Fatalities ◽

Safety Factors ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

The Past ◽

Area Of Interest ◽

Booster Seats ◽

New Research

Over the past decade there has been a deeply troubling increase in the number of vehicle traffic fatalities involving children. Owing to this, many researchers have contributed to research and development on car booster seats for children. In view of this, the current work encompasses a compilation of articles reviewed on car booster seats for children ranging from the years 1988 to 2018. Further than that, this work also provides information relating to the varying designs and specifications of car booster seats. Concurrently, the writers also propose potential future research that could be undertaken in relation to the developments in child car booster seats, which in turn may allow for new research pathways in this area of interest. Finally, taking into consideration the design and safety factors of the current market trend car booster seats for children, the writers also propose possible state of the art car booster seats for various applications.

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Syntheses of Ketamine and Related Analogues: A Mini Review

Synthesis ◽

10.1055/s-0037-1609935 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 50 (21) ◽

pp. 4201-4215 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Jiney Jose ◽

Ivaylo Dimitrov ◽

William Denny

Keyword(s):

Positive Impact ◽

Rapid Onset ◽

Antidepressant Effect ◽

Future Research ◽

Widespread Application ◽

Future Outlook ◽

The Past ◽

Clinical Interest ◽

Battlefield Injuries ◽

Synthetic Effort

Ketamine [2-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(methylamino)cyclohexanone] is a dissociative anaesthetic, first developed in 1963 by Parke-Davis. It finds widespread application in the treatment of battlefield injuries, and in emergency departments for use in children. In recent times the clinical interest in ketamine has increased due to the positive impact it has in treating depression and the rapid onset of its antidepressant effect. This review covers the synthetic effort towards ketamine and related analogues over the past 60 years to give readers an overview of past, current, and future research outlook pertaining to ketamine-like molecules.1 Introduction2 Early Work3 Synthesis3.1 Ketamine3.2 Norketamine3.3 Ketamine Analogues4 Future Outlook and Conclusion

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Validating Autonomic Services

Computer Systems and Software Engineering ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-3923-0.ch062 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 1523-1545

Author(s):

Tariq M. King ◽

Peter J. Clarke ◽

Mohammed Akour ◽

Annaji S. Ganti

Keyword(s):

Environmental Conditions ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Dynamic Adaptation ◽

Future Research ◽

Self Healing ◽

The Past ◽

Design Time ◽

Autonomic Systems ◽

Self Testing ◽

Runtime Testing

Autonomic service-driven applications represent a new realm of software that can discover new capabilities, automatically integrate with other systems, and adapt to changing system environmental conditions. For the past many years, researchers and practitioners have been investigating, prototyping, and evaluating these self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing, and self-protecting systems. Although validation is expected to play a key role in the success of autonomic systems, there are few works that address this topic. Dynamic adaptation in autonomic software results in structural and behavioral runtime changes, which cannot be validated offline at design-time. Runtime testing has therefore emerged as a possible solution to validating dynamic adaptations in autonomic software. This chapter summarizes the state-of-the-art in runtime testing of autonomic systems, describes key challenges associated with runtime testing, and provides guidelines for integrating runtime testing approaches into autonomic software using self-testing architectures. Finally, directions for future research for validation of autonomic components are discussed.

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A Century of Robotic Hands

Annual Review of Control Robotics and Autonomous Systems ◽

10.1146/annurev-control-060117-105003 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-32 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

C. Piazza ◽

G. Grioli ◽

M.G. Catalano ◽

A. Bicchi

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Soft Materials ◽

Comprehensive Analysis ◽

Important Application ◽

Future Research ◽

Past Century ◽

Robotic Hands ◽

Novel Technologies ◽

The Past ◽

And Robotics

This article reports on the state of the art of artificial hands, discussing some of the field's most important trends and suggesting directions for future research. We review and group the most important application domains of robotic hands, extracting the set of requirements that ultimately led to the use of simplified actuation schemes and soft materials and structures—two themes that clearly emerge from our examination of developments over the past century. We provide a comprehensive analysis of novel technologies for the design of joints, transmissions, and actuators that enabled these trends. We conclude by discussing some important new perspectives generated by simpler and softer hands and their interaction with other aspects of hand design and robotics in general.

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