scholarly journals Bi2O3 nano-flakes as a cost-effective antibacterial agent

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke D Geoffrion ◽  
David Medina Cruz ◽  
Matthew Kusper ◽  
Sakr Elsaidi ◽  
Fumiya Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bismuth Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Agent ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Bismuth Compound ◽  
Photo Catalysis ◽  
Physico Chemical

Bismuth oxide is an important bismuth compound having applications in electronics, photo-catalysis and medicine. At the nanoscale, bismuth oxide experiences a variety of new physico-chemical properties because of its increased...

An overview of Natural Superdisintegrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-124
Author(s):  
Shushank Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Set Up

The oral route is the most convenient route of administration for various drugs. It is viewed as the most convenient, most secure, and economical route for patients. Fast disintegrating tablets are popular these days as they disintegrate in the mouth within a few seconds without the use of water. The burdens of regularly used medications in pediatric and geriatric patients have been overwhelmed by quick-dissolving tablets. Natural superdisintegrants have been used for fast-dissolving tablets because they are biodegradable, chemically inert, non-harmful, more affordable, and generally accessible. Natural polymer improves the properties of the tablet as it is commonly used as diluents and binders. Natural super disintegrants decrease the release time and give healthful results to the patients. Most polymers are obtained from nature, they are cost-effective, non-toxic, and non-irritants. Disintegration is the most important step for releasing the drug from the tablet matrix to decrease the disintegration time. In this, drug and polymers come in contact with water, it swells, hydrate, and react chemically to release the drug in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Superdisintegrants are those substances that encourage the quick breaking down with a lesser amount contrasted with disintegrants. The quick disintegrants tablets are set up by utilizing suitable polymers which rely on the Physico-chemical properties of drugs and excipients, for example, drug and polymer compatibility, hardness and thickness of tablet, nature of drug and excipients, PH of drug and release parameters of drug formulation. Superdisintegrants are the vehicles added to tablet formulation to advance the breaking of tablets and capsules into small microparticles in aqueous media resulting in to increase in the surface area and promote quick drug release. The disintegrants have a significant capacity to oppose the efficacy of tablet binders and compression forces to form the tablet. Commonly there are three methods to incorporate disintegrants into the tablet: A. Inner addition, B. External expansion, C. Internal, and external addition. Most of the regularly based tablets are those expected to be swallow, disintegrate and release medicaments in the gastrointestinal tract but over a while tablets are manufactured to deliver medicaments in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract within few seconds of swallowing. It has been demonstrated that characteristic polymers are more effective than synthetic polymers. Some research is going to develop safe and effective medication with super disintegrating agents that can be dissolved rapidly to treat the disease.

Microbe Associated Phytoremediation Technology for Management of Oil Sludge

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anil Kumar ◽  
Monika Chandrabhan Dhote
Keyword(s):  
Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Sludge Disposal ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Treatment Technologies ◽  
Petroleum Refineries ◽  
Mutagenic Effects

Environmental contamination due to petroleum compounds is a serious global issue. Oil /petroleum refineries produce huge amount of oil sludge during drilling, storage, transport, refining which spoil soil and ground water resources. Such activities release different compounds viz. alkane, mono- polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), asphaltene, resins and heavy metals. Due to physico-chemical properties, PAHs are one of most targeted compounds as they are highly persistent, carcinogenic, and have mutagenic effects on ecosystem. Such problems of PAHs drag researcher's attention to find some reliable and cost effective solution for oil sludge disposal management. Since last few decades, extensive research work has been carried out on various methods for treatment of oil sludge. In recent years, microbial assisted phytoremediation treatment technologies are being studied since these are reliable and cost effective for field applications. Here, we have discussed about combined eco-friendly technology of plant and microbe(s) to treat oil sludge for its better management.

A review: An overview of Natural Superdisintegrants

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-24
Author(s):  
Shushank Sharma ◽  
Sikha Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Drug Formulation ◽  
Release Time ◽  
Disintegration Time ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Set Up

The oral route is the most convenient route of administration for various drugs. It is viewed as the most convenient, most secure, and economical route for patients. Fast disintegrating tablets are popular these days as they disintegrate in the mouth within a few seconds without the use of water. The burdens of regularly used medications in pediatric and geriatric patients have been overwhelmed by quick-dissolving tablets. Natural superdisintegrants have been used for fast-dissolving tablets because they are biodegradable, chemically inert, non-harmful, more affordable, and generally accessible. Natural polymer improves the properties of the tablet as it is commonly used as diluents and binders. Natural super disintegrants decrease the release time and give healthful results to the patients. Most polymers are obtained from nature, they are cost-effective, non-toxic, and non-irritants. Disintegration is the most important step for releasing the drug from the tablet matrix to decrease the disintegration time. In this, drug and polymers come in contact with water, it swells, hydrate, and react chemically to release the drug in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Superdisintegrants are those substances that encourage the quick breaking down with a lesser amount contrasted with disintegrants. The quick disintegrants tablets are set up by utilizing suitable polymers which rely on the Physico-Chemical properties of drugs and excipients, for example, drug and polymer compatibility, hardness and thickness of tablet, nature of drug and excipients, PH of drug and release parameters of drug formulation. Superdisintegrants are the vehicles added to tablet formulation to advance the breaking of tablets and capsules into small microparticles in aqueous media resulting in to increase in the surface area and promote quick drug release. The disintegrants have a significant capacity to oppose the efficacy of tablet binders and compression forces to form the tablet. Commonly there are three methods to incorporate disintegrants into the tablet: A. Inner addition, B. External expansion, C. Internal, and external addition. Most of the regularly based tablets are those expected to be swallow, disintegrate and release medicaments in the gastrointestinal tract but over a while tablets are manufactured to deliver medicaments in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract within few seconds of swallowing. It has been demonstrated that characteristic polymers are more effective than synthetic polymers. Some research is going to develop safe and effective medication with super disintegrating agents that can be dissolved rapidly to treat the disease.

scholarly journals Spicy Bitumen: Curcumin Effects on the Rheological and Adhesion Properties of Asphalt

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1622
Author(s):  
Abraham A. Abe ◽  
Cesare Oliviero Rossi ◽  
Paolino Caputo ◽  
Maria Penelope De Santo ◽  
Nicolas Godbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Adhesion Promoters ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Over the years, the need for the synthesis of biodegradable materials has facilitated the drift of the asphalt industry towards eco-sustainable and cost-effective production of road pavements. The principal additives in the asphalt industry to improve the performance of road pavements and increase its lifespan are majorly rheological modifiers, adhesion promoters and anti-oxidant agents. Rheological modifiers increase physico-chemical properties such as transition temperature of asphalt binder (bitumen), adhesion promoters increase the affinity between binder and stone aggregates while anti-oxidant agents reduce the effects of oxidation caused by exposure to air, water and other natural elements during the production of asphalt pavements. In this study, we tested the effectiveness of a food grade bio-additive on these three aforementioned properties. We also sought to hypothesize the mechanisms by which the additive confers these desired features on bitumen. We present this study to evaluate the effects of turmeric, a food-based additive, on bitumen. The study was conducted through dynamic shear rheology (DSR), atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and boiling test analysis.

scholarly journals Mini Review: Biologically Synthesized Nanoparticles as Antifungal Agents

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Siti Nur Amalina Mohamad Sukri ◽  
Kamyar Shameli ◽  
Teow Sin-Yeang ◽  
Nur Afini Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Biological Synthesis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

Fungal infections are affecting millions of people in the world every year. Severity of infections range from superficial mycoses to more chronic systemic mycoses. As more fungi species evolve, emergence of drug resistant strains is becoming a serious concern to the public health. There is now less number of effective antifungal drugs available in the market for treatment of invasive fungal infections. In an effort to combat this escalating issue, the use of nanoparticles as antifungal agent has been proposed and explored. Versatility of nanoparticles and its unique physico-chemical properties are proven beneficial for developing new therapeutic methods in treatment of fungal infections. Nanoparticles produced from biological synthesis have attracted keen interests from researchers, as they are more environmentally friendly, sustainable, cost-effective, and biocompatible. This mini review will provide an insight on the current antifungal studies and discuss the theory behind mechanism of actions of nanoparticles.

Decoration of specific sites on freeze-fractured membranes

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-141
Author(s):  
H. Gross ◽  
H. Moor
Keyword(s):  
Pure Water ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Copper Sulfate Pentahydrate ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Water Of Hydration ◽  
Small Container ◽  
Binding Forces

Fracturing under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV, p ≤ 10-9 Torr) produces membrane fracture faces devoid of contamination. Such clean surfaces are a prerequisite foe studies of interactions between condensing molecules is possible and surface forces are unequally distributed, the condensate will accumulate at places with high binding forces; crystallites will arise which may be useful a probes for surface sites with specific physico-chemical properties. Specific “decoration” with crystallites can be achieved nby exposing membrane fracture faces to water vopour. A device was developed which enables the production of pure water vapour and the controlled variation of its partial pressure in an UHV freeze-fracture apparatus (Fig.1a). Under vaccum (≤ 10-3 Torr), small container filled with copper-sulfate-pentahydrate is heated with a heating coil, with the temperature controlled by means of a thermocouple. The water of hydration thereby released enters a storage vessel.

PHYSICO CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF NICKEL OXIDE AT HIGH TEMPERATURE

1976 ◽  
Vol 37 (C7) ◽  
pp. C7-438-C7-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. FARHI ◽  
G. PETOT-ERVAS
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Nickel Oxide ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical

Physico-Chemical Properties of Recombinant Desulphatohirudin

1990 ◽  
Vol 63 (03) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Electricwala ◽  
L Irons ◽  
R Wait ◽  
R J G Carr ◽  
R J Ling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Gel Filtration ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Alpha Helix ◽  
Apparent Molecular Weight ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Recombinant Hirudin ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Recombinant Molecule

SummaryPhysico-chemical properties of recombinant desulphatohirudin expressed in yeast (CIBA GEIGY code No. CGP 39393) were reinvestigated. As previously reported for natural hirudin, the recombinant molecule exhibited abnormal behaviour by gel filtration with an apparent molecular weight greater than that based on the primary structure. However, molecular weight estimation by SDS gel electrophoresis, FAB-mass spectrometry and Photon Correlation Spectroscopy were in agreement with the theoretical molecular weight, with little suggestion of dimer or aggregate formation. Circular dichroism studies of the recombinant molecule show similar spectra at different pH values but are markedly different from that reported by Konno et al. (13) for a natural hirudin-variant. Our CD studies indicate the presence of about 60% beta sheet and the absence of alpha helix in the secondary structure of recombinant hirudin, in agreement with the conformation determined by NMR studies (17)

Physico-chemical properties of the rare-earth metals, scandium, and yttrium

1963 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Savitskii ◽  
V.F. Terekhova ◽  
O.P. Naumkin
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Rare Earth

Physico chemical properties and gas adsorption separation characteristics of Itaya zeolite and its modified products.

1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (442) ◽  
pp. 996-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayao TAKASAKA ◽  
Hideyuki NEMOTO ◽  
Hirohiko KONO ◽  
Yoshihiro MATSUDA
Keyword(s):  
Gas Adsorption ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physico Chemical
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