An overview of Natural Superdisintegrants

The oral route is the most convenient route of administration for various drugs. It is viewed as the most convenient, most secure, and economical route for patients. Fast disintegrating tablets are popular these days as they disintegrate in the mouth within a few seconds without the use of water. The burdens of regularly used medications in pediatric and geriatric patients have been overwhelmed by quick-dissolving tablets. Natural superdisintegrants have been used for fast-dissolving tablets because they are biodegradable, chemically inert, non-harmful, more affordable, and generally accessible. Natural polymer improves the properties of the tablet as it is commonly used as diluents and binders. Natural super disintegrants decrease the release time and give healthful results to the patients. Most polymers are obtained from nature, they are cost-effective, non-toxic, and non-irritants. Disintegration is the most important step for releasing the drug from the tablet matrix to decrease the disintegration time. In this, drug and polymers come in contact with water, it swells, hydrate, and react chemically to release the drug in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract. Superdisintegrants are those substances that encourage the quick breaking down with a lesser amount contrasted with disintegrants. The quick disintegrants tablets are set up by utilizing suitable polymers which rely on the Physico-chemical properties of drugs and excipients, for example, drug and polymer compatibility, hardness and thickness of tablet, nature of drug and excipients, PH of drug and release parameters of drug formulation. Superdisintegrants are the vehicles added to tablet formulation to advance the breaking of tablets and capsules into small microparticles in aqueous media resulting in to increase in the surface area and promote quick drug release. The disintegrants have a significant capacity to oppose the efficacy of tablet binders and compression forces to form the tablet. Commonly there are three methods to incorporate disintegrants into the tablet: A. Inner addition, B. External expansion, C. Internal, and external addition. Most of the regularly based tablets are those expected to be swallow, disintegrate and release medicaments in the gastrointestinal tract but over a while tablets are manufactured to deliver medicaments in the mouth and gastrointestinal tract within few seconds of swallowing. It has been demonstrated that characteristic polymers are more effective than synthetic polymers. Some research is going to develop safe and effective medication with super disintegrating agents that can be dissolved rapidly to treat the disease.

A Novel Drug Delivery System: Floating Microspheres in the Development of Gastroretentive Drug Delivery System

Gastric emptying is a complicated process in the human body because it is very inconstant, resulting in ambiguous in vivo drug delivery system efficacy. To combat this variability, scientists have been working on developing a regulated medication delivery system with a long gastric residence period. This review article on gastroretentive drug delivery systems (GRDDS) focuses on numerous gastroretentive approaches that have recently emerged as a leading methodology in the field of site-specific orally administered controlled release drug administration. Gastroretentive medicines come in a variety of forms on the market, including tablets, granules, capsules, floating microspheres, laminated films, and powders. Floating microspheres are currently garnering more attention than previous techniques because of their benefits, which include more consistent drug absorption and a lower risk of local discomfort. The primary goal of this method is to increase gastric retention time in the GIT, which is defined as more than 12 hours in the stomach with an absorption window in the upper small intestine. Longer stomach retention improves bioavailability, reduces drug waste, and boosts solubility for medications that are less soluble in a high pH environment. The medicines are released into the stomach for a long time and consistently thanks to the floating microsphere systems. The current study compiles the most recent research on the techniques of production, characterization, and numerous aspects that impact the performance of floating microspheres for oral administration.

Shampoos: Hair Care Cosmetics

In this article we studied hair care product shampoos which are for topical preparation on the hair. Recent advances in hair science and hair care technologies have been reported in literature claiming innovations and strategies for hair treatments and cosmetic products. The treatment of hair and scalp involved the use of shampoo for an effective, gentle cleansing, the shampoo is condidered not only as a cosmetic product having purifying purpose, but it is also responsible for maintaining the health and beauty of hair, imparting gloss and improving manageability. Shampoos is hair care product which is used to remove grease, dirt, dandruff and promote hair growth, strengths a hair. It also make hair smooth,soft and lustrous.Various contents are use in shampoo,some shampoos content drug also when medicated shampoos is to be prepare.In Shampoos various natural or herbal product are also used such as aloevera,neem,jasmine etc. This review largely focus on the description of shampoo

A Review on Nanoparticles: Preparation and Characterization of Nanoparticles

The development of innovative medication delivery systems has increased at an exponential rate in the last few years. Nanoparticles are particles with a size of between one and one hundred nanometers. Nanoparticles provide substantial benefits over conventional drug administration in terms of high bioavailability, high stability, high drug-carrying capacity, and other characteristics. This review concentrated mostly on the classification of nanoparticles, the technique of synthesis, the evaluation of nanoparticles, and the list of FDA-approved nanomedicines now available on the market.

An Overview on Invasomes: Novel Vesicular Carrier for Transdermal Drug Delivery

Multifunctional organ of the human body is the skin and it has less porousness across the layer corneum and this layer is the hindrance for dynamic specialists. To expand the penetrability of dynamic specialists, novel vesicular transporter invasomes are presented. Invasomes give different preferences including upgrading patient consistence, improving the medication adequacy and increment the pervasion of hydrophilic medications. This is a vesicular transporter that improves the Transdermal infiltration contrasted with ordinary liposomes. Invasomes comprise of phospholipid, terpenes, ethanol, and water. These constituents assume a significant part in improving its infiltration capacity. In this review paper, a wide presentation of TDDS (transdermal medication conveyance framework) is clarified and different segments, strategies for arrangement, segments, benefits, and faults of invasomes are featured.

Cosmetological competence of nail patches in combating onychomycosis-An approach to improve the quality of life

Onychomycosis (Tinea unguium) is said to be the most common cosmetological nail fungal infection. Dermatophyte is a type of fungus that causes this condition. Discoloration and thickening of the nail are found to be the common symptoms of all nail diseases. In this scenario, Onychomycosis is considered as one of the cosmetic problems that leads to cellulitis in adults and diabetic patients. Anatomical structure of the nail and disease manifestations made nail disorders as a difficult endeavor. Onychomycosis is chronic and difficult to eradicate. Many oral antifungal agents are available for the treatment of nail infections. The oral and parenteral administration of antifungal agents can elevate the serum hepatic enzyme levels and causes typical hepatocellular injury within a few weeks of therapy. The goal of this review is to study the role of transungal delivery systems (nail patches) as a promising tool for onychomycosis to encounter the clinical conditions of the patient. Longer therapies and technical treatment methods may frustrate the patients. This novel antifungal therapy helps to avoid the surgical removal of nail for onychomycosis patients. Eradication of issues with Onychomycosis can be achieved by an excellent delivery system with deeper drug release and drug retention in the nail cuticle. Patients who are suffered from onychomycosis are facing embarrassment and disfigurement in the society. So, this newer treatment solution can improve the quality of life of patients.1-3

Cosmeceuticals and Nanotechnology in Beauty Care Products

New technologies are booming in personal care industry. Nowadays, Cosmeceuticals as well as Nanotechnology are the favorite areas of interest in cosmetic industries. Cosmetic industry are updating and improving rapidly by implementing new trends and technologies. The term Cosmeceuticals was first coined in 1984 by Albert Kligman. The word Cosmeceuticals is fusion of cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. It means they possess combination of cosmetic and pharmaceutical properties. In simple words cosmecuticals are applied topically as cosmetics but as we know that they contain pharmaceutical properties too so they affect the skin's biological function. In last 2 to 3 decades cosmeceutical market is booming in the cosmetic as well as pharmaceutical industries. Every person wants to look beautiful and use of cosmeceuticals is the current trend to beautify your outer look. Now cosmeceuticals is considered as one of the fastest growing segment of the natural personal care industry. The use of cosmeceuticals has radically scaled in last decades. Some new advancement and technologies are entering in this cosmetic industries i.e. nanotechnology. Since last few decades, the nanotechnology has been acquired importance in numerous areas of science. Nano science has grown greatly, reason behind that is nanomaterials have extensive applications in material science, engineering, and medicine. Nanocosmetics are over taking the new cosmeceutical market. Nanocarriers are used to deliver cosmecutical ingredients topically. Hence this review tries to understand the basic information of cosmeceuticals, nanocosmeticsand some other related advancement in cosmetic industry. The difference between drug, cosmetics, cosmeceuticals, nanocosmetics, is also considered in this article. This paper also aims to highlight the beauty care industry and tries to comprehensive information of cosmeceuticals and nanotechnology used in cosmetic industry.

A case study on the assessment of perception towards body image and nutritional status among girl students studying in a district college in West Bengal

Students, mainly girl students, are the future of our society. Hence, it's most important to look into the critical aspects like health, education, self-respect, and earning opportunity. Women and children are the vulnerable sections worldwide. Data shows that young adolescent girls, including college students, usually suffer from anemia, hair and skin issues, obesity or underweight issues, and more. Additionally, urban girls are also psychologically affected due to their perception of body image and overall improper nutritional status. Our study is a survey-oriented study where a simple random sampling method has been used. The survey was conducted in a district girls' college in West Bengal for two days in October 2018. Two dietitians, two nutrition subject experts, and one homeopathic doctor were present with the pre-tested semi-structured questionnaires format duly filled by each respondent. 110 interested girl students studying graduation participated in the primary health cum nutrition screening. BMI calculation through height and weight measurements, screening of nails, hair, skin, tongue, dietary habits, and basic nutrition knowledge assessments were made on the spot. Altogether, data was collected through the dichotomous questionnaires based on nutrition, personal health, and hygiene, followed by subjective opinions and perceptions of the participants' body image. SPSS version-16 was applied for statistical analysis. Twelve attributes were used in the dichotomous questionnaires that found 67% were overweight cum obese. The study revealed 12% anemic, 13% excess hair loss, 62% skin conditioning issues, 65.4% acne or pimples,65% menstruation issues, and 4.5% depression. The study analyzed all the personal attributes to assess their image perception and nutritional status as well. Image complexion is not always essential, but some participants expressed their feeling about their improper appearance. Above all, everyone accepted that proper nutrition is always a significant factor for good health.

An Insight into delivery of drug through The Skin: Transdermal Drug Delivery system

In the recent days about 75% of the drugs taken orally are does not show the desired therapeutic effect. Oral conventional dosage forms have several disadvantages such as poor bioavailability due to hepatic first pass metabolism and tendency to produce rapid blood level spikes (Both high and low). Thus, rapid drug levels in the plasma leads to a need of high and/or frequent dosing, which can be both uneconomical and inconvenient. To overcome such disadvantages transdermal drug delivery system was developed. TDDS is such a delivery system which has been explored extensively over the last two decades, with therapeutic success. Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) are the drug delivery systems which involves transportation of drug to epidermal and dermal tissues of the skin for local therapeutic action while major fraction of the drug is transported into the systemic blood circulation. Topical administration of therapeutic agents offers vast advantages over conventional oral and invasive methods of drug delivery. Some of the advantages of transdermal drug delivery include limitation of hepatic first pass metabolism, enhancement of therapeutic efficiency and maintenance of steady state plasma level concentration of the drug. This study includes a brief overview of TDDS, its advantages over conventional dosage forms, drug delivery routes across human skin, permeation enhancers, and classification, formulation, methods of preparation and evaluation of transdermal patches.

Formulation Evaluation and Characterization of Fast Dissolving Tablets of Rofecoxib

Rofecoxib, a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent mainly used for the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. The major drawback of Rofecoxib is its very low water solubility, which results in poor bioavailability after oral administration. Hence, an attempt was made to formulate fast dissolving tablets of Rofecoxib. The solid dispersions of Rofecoxib were prepared with PEG-4000 and PVP K30 by solvent evaporation method. The characterization of prepared solid dispersions by FTIR, XRPD and DSC, which reveals lack of interaction with carriers and dictates amorphous state of solid dispersions. Solid dispersion of Rofecoxib with PVP K30 (1:6) showed maximum dissolution, therefore compressed into tablets by using microcrystalline cellulose, lactose and crosspovidone. The dissolution profile of developed fast dissolving tablets containing solid dispersion of Rofecoxib (1:6) was studied. The formulated formulations showed optimum dissolution efficiency.