scholarly journals Fracto-eutectogels: SDS dendritic fractals via counterion condensation in a deep eutectic solvent

Author(s):  
Lauren Matthews ◽  
Silvia Ruscigno ◽  
Sarah E. Rogers ◽  
Paul Bartlett ◽  
Andrew Johnson ◽  
...  

Glyceline, a deep eutectic solvent comprising glycerol and choline chloride, is a green nonaqueous solvent with potential industrial applications. Molecular mechanisms of surfactant self-assembly in deep eutectic solvents are expected...

Author(s):  
Hàng Thị Anh Hưng ◽  
Lý Đức Phát ◽  
Phuong Hoang Tran

Deep eutectic solvents (DES), a new generation ionic liquids, are green reactive media in organic synthesis, electrochemical, and biomass conversion. In this paper, we have developed a deep eutectic solvent [ethylene glycol]4[ZnCl2], simply prepared from choline chloride with ethylene glycol and used as a catalyst for the three-component reaction to synthesize propargylamine from available substrates including piperidine, phenylacetylene and benzaldehyde derivatives. The reaction mixture was activated by magnetic stirring and the optimization of conditions was investigated including temperature, time, catalytic mass, substrate effect and recycled catalyst. At 80 ◦ C, we successfully synthesized 5 propargylamine derivatives over a period of 180 minutes with high efficiency and only used 2% moles of catalyst. Desired products are structurally identified by NMR and MS (nuclear magnetic resonance 1H, 13C NMR and gas chromatography coupled mass spectrometry GC-MS). The results showed that DES [ethylene glycol]4[ZnCl2] catalyzed the efficiency of this reaction and the ability to reuse many times with negligible reduction in activity. Research to expand the scope of the substrate (heterocyclic oxygen and nitrogen compounds) and reaction mechanism are underway in the laboratory. Simple, efficient reaction processes have been the potential for industrial applications.


Author(s):  
Lauren Matthews ◽  
Sarah E.S. Michel ◽  
Sarah E. Rogers ◽  
Paul Bartlett ◽  
Andrew J. Johnson ◽  
...  

Understanding surfactant self-assembly in deep eutectic solvents (DES) is important to their potential use in industrial formulations. We have recently reported the formation of a fracto-eutectogel comprising SDS fractal aggregates at a concentration as low as 1.6 wt% in glyceline (a DES comprising glycerol and choline chloride) at room temperature. The building units of the fractals consisted of multilayers of self-assembled SDS lamellae arranged in a dendritic pattern. Here we report that this fractal phase transitions into a fluid phase above a critical gelation temperature, TCG ~ 45 oC, evident from polarized light microscopy (PLM) observations. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) reveals that this phase transition is underpinned by the nanoscopic morphological transformation of the SDS lamellae into cylindrical micelles at T > TGC. Fitting SANS profiles confirms that the morphology of the micelles is SDS-concentration (cSDS) dependent at T > TGC: cylindrical at cSDS > 0.6 wt% and spherical at cSDS = 0.6 wt%. At cSDS < 0.6 wt%, only isotropic scattering was observed in the SANS profiles. Such SDS self-assembly behaviors contrast with those we have previously observed in glycerol, which we attribute to the presence of ions (i.e. choline chloride) in glyceline. Our findings have general implications to surfactant self-assembly in DES, solvents that are rich in hydrogen bonding and ions.


2015 ◽  
Vol 229 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maeve O'Neill ◽  
Vikram Singh Raghuwanshi ◽  
Robert Wendt ◽  
Markus Wollgarten ◽  
Armin Hoell ◽  
...  

AbstractIn this article, we are reporting the catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) dispersed in a novel eco-friendly Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES; choline chloride and urea) at room temperature. A low energy sputter deposition method is employed to synthesize AuNPs on the DES surface. This is a simple, economical and clean method for producing monodisperse gold nanoparticles by a self-limited growth mechanism. Detailed Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS), UV–Vis and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) investigations show the formation of spherical AuNPs of 5 nm in diameter. Moreover, these particles have a strong tendency to self-assemble at the DES surface as well as into the bulk. This is a new addition to a novel generation of gold based catalysts. The catalytic activity of Au nanoparticles in DES is revealed quantitatively by analyzing the apparent conversion reaction rate constant


Soft Matter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meng Sun ◽  
Qintang Li ◽  
Xiao Chen

Luminescent gels have been successfully fabricated through the self-assembly of sodium cholate and a europium ion in choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 1300-1311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dasom Jung ◽  
Jae Back Jung ◽  
Seulgi Kang ◽  
Ke Li ◽  
Inseon Hwang ◽  
...  

The in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents may not be considered as pure, safe mixtures even if they consist of safe compounds.


2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Manurung ◽  
Taslim ◽  
A.G.A. Siregar

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have numerous potential applications as cosolvents. In this study, use of DES as organic solvents for enzymatic biodiesel production from degumming palm oil (DPO) was investigated. Deep eutectic solvent was synthesized using choline chloride salt (ChCl) compounds with glycerol and 1,2-propanediol. Deep eutectic solvent was characterized by viscosity, density, pH and freezing values, which were tested for effectiveness by enzymatic reactions for the production of palm biodiesel with raw materials DPO. Deep eutectic solvent of ChCl and glycerol produced the highest biodiesel yield (98.98%); weight of DES was only 0.5 % of that of the oil. In addition, the use of DES maintained the activity and stability of novozym enzymes, which was assessed as the yield until the 6th usage, which was 95.07 % biodiesel yield compared with the yield without using DES. Hence, using DES, glycerol in enzymatic biodiesel production had high potentiality as an organic solvent for palm oil biodiesel production


BioResources ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 7301-7310
Author(s):  
Veronika Majová ◽  
Silvia Horanová ◽  
Andrea Škulcová ◽  
Jozef Šima ◽  
Michal Jablonský

This study aimed to resolve the issue of the lack of detailed understanding of the effect of initial lignin content in hardwood kraft pulps on pulp delignification by deep eutectic solvents. The authors used Kappa number of the concerned pulp, intrinsic viscosity, and selectivity and efficiency of delignification as the parameters of the effect. The pulp (50 g oven dry pulp) was treated with four different DESs systems based on choline chloride with lactic acid (1:9), oxalic acid (1:1), malic acid (1:1), and system alanine:lactic acid (1:9); the results were compared to those reached by oxygen delignification. The results showed that the pulp with a higher initial lignin content had a greater fraction of easily removed lignin fragments.


Environments ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Chiau Yuan Lim ◽  
Mohd Faridzuan Majid ◽  
Sarrthesvaarni Rajasuriyan ◽  
Hayyiratul Fatimah Mohd Zaid ◽  
Khairulazhar Jumbri ◽  
...  

Extractive catalytic oxidative desulfurization (ECODS) is the one of the recent methods used in fuel desulfurization which involved the use of catalyst in the oxidative desulfurization of diesel fuel. This study is aimed to test the effectiveness of synthesized choline chloride (ChCl) based deep eutectic solvent (DES) in fuel desulfurization via ECODS method, with the presence of graphene oxide (GO) as catalyst and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxidant. In this study, 16 DESs based on choline chloride were synthesized using glycerol (GLY), ethylene glycol (EG), tetraethylene glycol (TEG) and polyethylene glycol (PEG). The characterization of the synthesized DES was carried out via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis, density, and viscosity determination. According to the screening result, ChCl-PEG (1:4) was found to be the most effective DES for desulfurization using ECODS method, with a removal of up to 47.4% of sulfur containing compounds in model oil in just 10 min per cycle after the optimization of the reaction parameters, and up to 95% desulfurization efficiency could be achieved by six cycles of desulfurization. It is found that the addition of GO as catalyst does not increase the desulfurization performance drastically; hence, future studies for the desulfurization performance of DESs made up from ChCl and PEG and its derivatives can be done simply by using extraction desulfurization (EDS) method instead of ECODS method, for cost reduction purpose and easier regulation of DES waste into environment.


2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 826-833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Marset ◽  
Juana M. Pérez ◽  
Diego J. Ramón

The synthesis of different tetrahydroisoquinolines using choline chloride : ethylene glycol as a deep eutectic solvent (DES) and copper(ii) oxide impregnated on magnetite as a catalyst has been accomplished successfully.


2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (31) ◽  
pp. 17200-17208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhawal Shah ◽  
Ulan Mansurov ◽  
Farouq S. Mjalli

Intermolecular interactions within the mixtures of DMSO and reline, a typical type III Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES), composed of urea and choline chloride, is examined along with the mixtures' physical properties.


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