scholarly journals Multi-length scale microstructural design of lithium-ion battery electrodes for improved discharge rate performance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuekun Lu ◽  
Xun Zhang ◽  
Chun Tan ◽  
Thomas MM Heenan ◽  
MARCO LAGNONI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Length Scale ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Fast Discharge ◽  
Automotive Batteries ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Microstructural Design

Fast discharge capability of automotive batteries not only affects the acceleration and climbing performance of electric vehicles, but also the accessible driving range under complex driving cycles. Understanding the intricate...

scholarly journals High Discharge Rate Lithium Ion Batteries with the Composite Cathode of LiFePO4/Mesocarbon Nanobead

2010 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 208-210
Author(s):  
Yi Jie Gu ◽  
Cui Song Zeng ◽  
Yu Bo Chen ◽  
Hui Kang Wu ◽  
Hong Quan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Composite Cathode ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
High Discharge ◽  
High Discharge Rate ◽  
Lifepo4 Cathode

Olivine compounds LiFePO4 were prepared by the solid state reaction, and the electrochemical properties were studied with the composite cathode of LiFePO4/mesocarbon nanobead. High discharge rate performance can be achieved with the designed composite cathode of LiFePO4/mesocarbon nanobead. According to the experiment results, batteries with the composite cathode deliver discharge capacity of 1087mAh for 18650 type cell at 20C discharge rate at room temperature. The analysis shows that the uniformity of mesocarbon nanobead around LiFePO4 can supply enough change for electron transporting, which can enhance the rate capability for LiFePO4 cathode lithium ion batteries. It is confirmed that lithium ion batteries with LiFePO4 as cathode are suitable to electric vehicle application.

scholarly journals The Impact of HVAC on the Development of Autonomous and Electric Vehicle Concepts

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 441
Author(s):  
Adrian König ◽  
Sebastian Mayer ◽  
Lorenzo Nicoletti ◽  
Stephan Tumphart ◽  
Markus Lienkamp
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicle ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Concept Development ◽  
Vehicle Concept ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Vehicle Size ◽  
Weather Scenario

Automation and electrification are changing vehicles and mobility. Whereas electrification is mainly changing the powertrain, automation enables the rethinking of the vehicle and its applications. The actual driving range is an important requirement for the design of automated and electric vehicles, especially if they are part of a fleet. To size the battery accordingly, not only the consumption of the powertrain has to be estimated, but also that of the auxiliary users. Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) is one of the biggest auxiliary consumers. Thus, a variable HVAC model for vehicles with electric powertrain was developed to estimate the consumption depending on vehicle size and weather scenario. After integrating the model into a tool for autonomous and electric vehicle concept development, various vehicle concepts were simulated in different weather scenarios and driving cycles with the HVAC consumption considered for battery sizing. The results indicate that the battery must be resized significantly depending on the weather scenario to achieve the same driving ranges. Furthermore, the percentage of HVAC consumption is in some cases higher than that of the powertrain for urban driving cycles, due to lower average speeds. Thus, the HVAC and its energy demand should especially be considered in the development of autonomous and electric vehicles that are primarily used in cities.

Electrolyte Modulators towards Polarization Immune Lithium-Ion Batteries for Sustainable Electric Transportation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinru Li ◽  
Pengcheng Xu ◽  
Yue Tian ◽  
Alexis Fortini ◽  
Seungho Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Dynamic Stress ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Transference Number ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Fast Charging ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Driving Range

Abstract Lithium-ion batteries for electric vehicles (EV) are subject to fast charging, dynamic acceleration, and regenerative braking. However, the polarization arises from these high-rate operations and tends to deteriorate the battery performance and therefore the driving range and lifespan of EVs. Using metal organic frameworks (MOF) as electrolyte modulators (MEM), we report herein a facile strategy for effective mitigation of polarization, where the MEM can confine anions and enrich electrolyte, affording boosted lithium-ion transference number (up to 0.76) and high ionic conductivity (up to 9 mS cm−1). In addition, such MEM could implant itself into electrolyte interface, conferring the interface with low-resistance and ability to suppress concentration polarization. As a result, commercial cells with MEM deliver remarkably enhanced power output, energy efficiency, and lifespan during high rate (2C, > 3000 cycles) as well as dynamic stress tests (tripled cycle life) that mimic realistic operation of EV. This work introduces a readily implementable approach towards optimizing ion transport in electrolyte and developing polarization immune battery for power-intensive applications.

scholarly journals Anomalously Faster Deterioration of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/Graphite High-Energy 18650 Cells at 1.5 C than 2.0 C

Scanning ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Dawei Cui ◽  
Jinlong Wang ◽  
Ailing Sun ◽  
Hongmei Song ◽  
Wenqing Wei
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Side Reaction ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cycle Life ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
Negative Electrodes

Discharge rate is a key parameter affecting the cycle life of lithium-ion batteries (LIB). Normally, lithium-ion batteries deteriorate more severely at a higher discharge rate. In this paper, we report that the cycle performance of LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/graphite high-energy 2.8 Ah 18650 cells is abnormally worse at a 1.5 C discharge rate than at a 2.0 C discharge rate. Combining macromethods with micromethods, the capacity/rate performance, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) morphology of the electrodes are systematically investigated. We have found that the impedance of the negative electrodes after 2.0 C aged is smaller than that after 1.5 C aged, through EIS analysis, and the discharge rate performance of the negative electrodes after 2.0 C aged is better than that after 1.5 C aged through coin cell analysis. In addition, some special microcracks in the negative electrodes of aged cells are observed through SEM analysis, which can accelerate the side reaction between active and electrolyte and form the thicker SEI which will hinder the Li+ insertion and cause resistance increase. In short, the LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2/graphite-based lithium-ion batteries show better cycle life at a 2.0 C discharge rate than at a 1.5 C discharge rate which indicates that the negative electrodes contribute more than the positive electrodes.

Thermal Security Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries Based on Electro-Thermal Modeling

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 804-807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi Jun Wang ◽  
Zhao Xuan Zhu ◽  
Yu Hong Ma
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hybrid Electric Vehicles ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Security Analysis ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Theoretical Capacity ◽  
Li Ion ◽  
High Specific Energy

The power lithium-ion battery with its high specific energy, high theoretical capacity and good cycle-life is a prime candidate as a power source for electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). Sacurity is especially important for large-scale lithium-ion batteries, especially the thermal analysis is essential for their development and design. Mathematical model and thermal model for Li-ion battery were built to analyze the effects of discharge rate on the peak temperature and on the homogeneity of temperature field, and to compare the calculated and the simulated results.

Prediction and Analysis of the Driving Range of Electric Bus

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
Kan Zhao ◽  
Cong Zhu ◽  
Hong Wen Xia ◽  
Cheng Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Battery Pack ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Electric Bus ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Electrochemical Model ◽  
Battery Module

In this paper, a method used to predict the driving range of electric bus based on electrochemical model of lithium ion battery was presented. Using a electric bus powered by lithium ion battery as an example, the driving ranges under three different driving cycles including American UDDS, European EUDC and Japanese 1015 were respectively predicted by the proposed method, and the effects of the temperature of battery pack and the number of battery module on the lowest state of charge SOCL required by the bus to travel a given distance were also analyzed.

Effects of Mg2+ and Ti4+ Doping on Performance of LiFePO4 for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2013 ◽  
Vol 815 ◽  
pp. 423-426
Author(s):  
Xiao Peng Huang ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Yao Chun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
State Method ◽  
High Rate Performance ◽  
Discharge Measurements

Stoichiometric Mg2+ and Ti4+ with different proportions were doped to prepare the LiFe1-x-yMgxTiyPO4 cathode materials by high temperature solid state method. The samples were investigated with XRD, SEM and charge/discharge measurements. Results show that doping of Mg2+ and Ti4+ distinctly changes the paticle sizes and morphologies, which leads to a improvement of electrochemical performance. The mix-doped LiFe0.98Mg0.01Ti0.01PO4 material shows the best electrochemical performance due to its smaller crystalline particles and lower the polarization. At the discharge rate of 0.1C, the initial specific capacity of LiFe0.98Mg0.01Ti0.01PO4 is 105.78 mAh·g-1, its high-rate performance is also better.

Compatibilities between Lithium Bis(Oxalate)Borate-Based Electrolyte and LiFePO4, LiMn2O4 or LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1022-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi You Li ◽  
Jin Liang Liu ◽  
Xiao Ling Cui ◽  
Li Ping Mao
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Ethylene Carbonate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycle Performance ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Rate Performance ◽  
Ethyl Methyl ◽  
Ethyl Methyl Carbonate ◽  
Methyl Carbonate

Olivine-type LiFePO4 and crystal structure LiMn2O4 or LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 are promising cathode materials for electric vehicles (EVs) applications. To find more appropriate electrolyte systems to exert the perfect electrochemical performance of LiFePO4, LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes, the electrochemical performances of LiBOB-ethylene carbonate (EC)/ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC)/diethyl carbonate (DEC) electrolyte are investigated in this paper. In LiFePO4/Li, LiMn2O4/Li and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4/Li cells, this novel electrolyte exhibits several advantages, such as stable cycle performance and good rate performance. It suggests that LiBOB-EC/EMC/DEC electrolyte has good compatibility with the three kinds of cathodes, and would be an attractive electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries based upon LiFePO4, LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 cathodes.

Robustness Analysis of Two-Speed Electric Vehicles

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Roser ◽  
Paul D. Walker ◽  
Nong Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Robustness Analysis ◽  
Dual Clutch Transmission ◽  
Electric Drives ◽  
Driving Cycles ◽  
Bulk Weight ◽  
Operating Region ◽  
Driving Range ◽  
Simulation Results

This paper presents the findings of a theoretical analysis of a two-speed Dual-Clutch Transmission (DCT) for electric vehicle applications. Electric drives incorporating DCTs can offer improved driving economy and range, acceleration and climbing gradeability, with potentially smaller electric motors (EMs). Overall powertrain performance is simulated with different standard driving cycles, including urban, extra-urban, and constant speed driving, and different EM power ratings. Simulation results are compared against equivalent single-speed powertrain, including a conceptual evaluation of powertrain bulk, weight and cost. Despite added complexity of including a DCT, the simulated driving range is increased by shifting the operating region of the electric motor to greater efficiency regions. This is shown to be more predominant during high-speed driving. In addition, satisfactory drive performance can be achieved with smaller EMs, compensating for added transmission bulk, weight and cost. An outline of further areas of two-speed electric drive research and applications conclude this paper.

Benchmarking of High Capacity Battery Module/Pack Design for Automatic Assembly System

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Li ◽  
Hui Wang ◽  
Yhu-tin Lin ◽  
Jeffrey Abell ◽  
S. Jack Hu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Assembly System ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Automotive Batteries ◽  
Process Perspective ◽  
Battery Technology ◽  
Battery Module

Electric vehicles (EV), including plug-in hybrid and extend-range EVs, rely on high power and high capacity batteries, such as lithium-ion batteries, as the main source of propulsion energy. The EV battery technology is progressing rapidly as a plurality of battery designs in cells, modules and packs are emerging on the market. Current EV battery pack assembly is mostly manual and has faced significant challenges in coping with such fast development of automotive batteries. Meanwhile, there is a lack of systematic study on the implications of varieties in battery designs on assembly system. This paper reviews various battery module or pack designs and characterizes them from the assembly process perspective, and discusses their implications with respect to assembly methods, process flexibility and automation feasibility. The associated cost, quality, and safety issues of assembly are also addressed and research opportunities and innovations are discussed. This study can assist in creating guidelines on the development of new generations of battery products that enables highly efficient and responsive battery assembly.

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