Ultra-refining for the production of long-term highly pH-stable lignin nanoparticles in high yield with high uniformity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braz de Souza Marotti ◽  
Valdeir Arantes
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Renewable Biomass ◽  
High Uniformity

In a bioeconomy, the valorization of lignin beyond its use to generate energy in renewable biomass-based industries is highly attractive and economically critical. However, most of its proposed applications are...

Effects of high pressure on the crystallization of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (CF/PEEK) laminate composites

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 876-877
Author(s):  
Hong-Ming Lin ◽  
C. H. Liu ◽  
R. F. Lee
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Laminate Composites ◽  
Peek Composite ◽  
Continuous Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a crystallizable thermoplastic used as composite matrix materials in application which requires high yield stress, high toughness, long term high temperature service, and resistance to solvent and radiation. There have been several reports on the crystallization behavior of neat PEEK and of CF/PEEK composite. Other reports discussed the effects of crystallization on the mechanical properties of PEEK and CF/PEEK composites. However, these reports were all concerned with the crystallization or melting processes at or close to atmospheric pressure. Thus, the effects of high pressure on the crystallization of CF/PEEK will be examined in this study.The continuous carbon fiber reinforced PEEK (CF/PEEK) laminate composite with 68 wt.% of fibers was obtained from Imperial Chemical Industry (ICI). For the high pressure experiments, HIP was used to keep these samples under 1000, 1500 or 2000 atm. Then the samples were slowly cooled from 420 °C to 60 °C in the cooling rate about 1 - 2 degree per minute to induce high pressure crystallization. After the high pressure treatment, the samples were scanned in regular DSC to study the crystallinity and the melting temperature. Following the regular polishing, etching, and gold coating of the sample surface, the scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to image the microstructure of the crystals. Also the samples about 25mmx5mmx3mm were prepared for the 3-point bending tests.

scholarly journals INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF INSTITUTIONAL INVESTORS: SOVEREIGN WEALTH FUNDS VS ENDOWMENTS

2013 ◽  
pp. 117-126
Author(s):  
E. S. Biryukov
Keyword(s):  
Real Estate ◽  
Hedge Funds ◽  
Institutional Investors ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Investment Strategy ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Sovereign Wealth Funds ◽  
The World

The paper considers two main original approaches to investing the assets of institutional investors (the total amount of their assets in the world is about 100 trillion dollars) – the one of Norway's sovereign wealth fund Global and approach of Yale's endowment fund. Fund Global with assets of $ 716 billion dollars is the largest institutional investor in the world, its strategy is based on the assumption that markets are efficient and their long-term growth lies in the balance of investment in stocks , bonds, and , since more recent time - in real estate. Financiers of Yale in the 1990s revolutionized the approach to investment, firstly, by reducing the proportion of stocks and bonds in favor of private equity and real estate, and secondly , by shift from investments in the domestic market to foreign markets. Not all institutional investors are ready to follow these strategies because of the risk of negative returns in times of crises, but in the medium- and long-term, these approaches allow to beat inflation. For example, Yale's endowment has grown since 1985 to 2012 from 1.6 to 19 billion dollars, and high yield allows to transmit 1 billion dollars (!) to the budget of the university annually. Endowment funds are one of the key sources of revenues of leading American universities. Analysis of the investment policy of endowment funds and sovereign wealth funds shows that fundamental changes in the concept of investing began to occur since the late 1980s - early 1990s . Institutional investors of both these types ceased to focus on conservative instruments - bonds and deposits , and use other options: Global - stocks , Yale – private equity , hedge funds, real estate investments , etc. With the expand of the spectrum of instruments in which the funds are invested the income volatility increases either, and therefore the institutional investors should be both transparent and explain to the public the motives of investment strategy changes.

scholarly journals The study of structural mechanical properties of «Kartalin» ointment

2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 48-52
Author(s):  
M. G. Kartalov ◽  
S. Ye. Dmitruk ◽  
V. S. Dmitruk ◽  
T. V. Romanenko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Skin Protection ◽  
Flow Properties ◽  
Newtonian Flow ◽  
Quality Maintenance ◽  
Preventive Activity ◽  
Good Preparation

In this article the structure-mechanical properties research results of «Kartalin» ointment are being cited. This ointment shows the evident treatment-preventive activity with occupational and combinational dermatosis. It has been ascertained that the «Kartalin» ointment, being under consideration, appears to be structural liquid with expressive non-Newtonian flow character that is having high viscosity (100—200 Pa/s) and high yield point (20—40 Pa) with the temperature of usage 30—40 °C, which provides long skin protection. The flow properties of the composition are sufficiently time stable, which enables good preparation quality maintenance during long-term storing.

Long-term follow-up survey reveals a high yield, up to 30% of patients presenting newly detected aneurysms more than 10 years after ruptured intracranial aneurysms clipping

2011 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 485-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaël Bruneau ◽  
Michal Rynkowski ◽  
Karina Smida-Rynkowska ◽  
Jacques Brotchi ◽  
Olivier De Witte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Ruptured Intracranial Aneurysms

scholarly journals An Index of the Yields of Junk Bonds, 1910–1955

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 1203-1219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Basile ◽  
Sung Won Kang ◽  
John Landon-Lane ◽  
Hugh Rockoff
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Corporate Bond ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Government Bond ◽  
Bond Yields ◽  
Middle Years ◽  
Bond Index ◽  
Junk Bonds

We present a new monthly index of the yields on junk bonds (high risk, high yield bonds) for the period 1910–1955. This index supplements the indexes of government bond yields, and Aaa and Baa corporate bond yields economic historians have relied on previously to describe the long-term risk spectrum. First, we describe our sources and methods. Then we show that our junk bond index contains information that is not in the closest alternative, and suggest some ways that the junk bond index could be used to enrich our understanding of the turbulent middle years of the twentieth century.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DROUGHT TOLERANCE OF MEDICAGO L. PLANTS UNDER STRESSED CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-40
Author(s):  
Adiyasuren Molor ◽  
Altantsetseg Khajidsuren ◽  
Uuganzaya Myagmarjav ◽  
Enkhchimeg Vanjildorj
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Peg 4000 ◽  
Germination And Growth

As a perennial forage crop, alfalfa (Medicago L.) can be cultivated in marginal lands and has a high yield and good quality of high-protein content. Alfalfa has deep vertical roots; this species is able to absorb even depth waters about 5 m depth and more. This advantage saves plant’s life in long term drought. The objective of this study was to compare the performance of drought stress during germination and growth stage of 2 species (Medicago sativa, Medicago falcata) and 2 varieties (Mongolian Medicago varia Marthz var.Burgaltai and Inner Mongolian Medicago varia Martyn var.Nutag Belcheer-2) in laboratory condition. In order to expose the drought stresses in plant by polyethylene glycol (PEG 4000) with 0 (control), -0.3, -0.5 and -1.0 MPa for 2 weeks respectively. The results represented that Medicago sativa had higher seed germination percentage than other species and varieties. Water uptake, dry matter index are observed in M.sativa higher than others.The highest chlorophyll content was in Medicago varia Marthz var.Burgaltai. The highest result of root, shoot length and weight were observed in Medicago sativa. In contrast, the significantly lowest result of morphological parameters was in Mediago varia Martyn var.Nutag Belcheer-2. M.sativa is highly tolerant to drought stress among species. M.varia Marth var.Burgaltai was moderately tolerant to drought stress among varieties.

scholarly journals Influence of Corn (Zea maysL.) Cultivar Development on Grain Nutrient Concentration

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Fernanda Ferreira ◽  
Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta ◽  
Stephen A. Prior ◽  
Carlos Bruno Reissman ◽  
Nicolas Z. dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
High Yield ◽  
High Fertility ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Nutrient Quality ◽  
Cultivar Development ◽  
Zn And Cu In ◽  
Corn Productivity ◽  
Climate Events

While corn productivity has been increased by the adoption of high-yield hybrids, there are concerns that increased grain potential may be associated with diminished grain nutrient concentration. Ten corn (Zea maysL.) cultivars representing five technological levels (landrace variety, commercial variety, and double, triple, and single cross-hybrids) were cropped on a Rhodic Ferralsol Eutric soil with high fertility in 2006 (dry year) and 2007 (normal year) in Rolândia County, Brazil. At maturity, grain was evaluated for concentrations of P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu. In general, differences among cultivars were noted for all nutrients in both years. Concentrations of P, K, Fe, and Mn were lower in the dry year, while Ca, Mg, Cu, and Zn were higher. Soil water availability appeared to exert more influence on grain nutrient concentration than did cultivar development; nutrient removal due to grain harvest was also greatly influenced by rainfall patterns and their impact on corn productivity. Even though genetic differences were noted, which may be useful to breeding programs, long-term testing in subtropical environments will be required to clarify the interaction between genetics and climate events on grain nutrient quality and exportation.

The structure and function of agricultural research

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (4) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Ann Clark ◽  
B. R. Christie ◽  
S. F. Weise
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Second World War ◽  
High Yield ◽  
World War ◽  
Systems Research ◽  
And Function ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Second World

Contemporary agricultural research is founded upon short-term controlled studies to examine, screen, and rank performance of genetic improvements or managerial processes. This approach has performed admirably in support of the resource-intensive, high-yield paradigm which has guided agricultural development since the second World War. Changes to this paradigm, which may occur in response to economic, societal, or environmental issues, may require increased emphasis on farm-based, system-oriented research to complement the experiment-station-based research which has proven so successful to date. Corresponding changes to the form, structure, intent, and ultimately, the beneficiaries of agricultural research are discussed. Key words: Long-term research, perennial forages, high-yield agriculture, on-farm research, fanning systems research, profitability, genotype × environment interactions, stability, adaptability

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