An insight into triel bonds in O,O'-diarylphosphorodithioates of thallium(I): Experimental and theoretical investigations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushil Kumar Pandey ◽  
Tahira Firdoos ◽  
Pretam Kumar ◽  
Anu Radha ◽  
Rosa Maria Gomila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vital Role ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
Thallium Compounds ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Insight Into

The vital role of triel bonding (TrB) has been highlighted in two new thallium compounds i.e. Tl+[{(4-C2H5)C6H4O}2PS2]2- (1) and Tl[{(4-(CH)CH3)2C6H4O}2PS2]2 (2). These new compounds have been characterized by elemental and...

scholarly journals Cryo-EM structure of native human thyroglobulin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Adaixo ◽  
Eva M. Steiner ◽  
Ricardo D. Righetto ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Henning Stahlberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Insight Into

The thyroglobulin (Tg) protein is essential to thyroid hormone synthesis, playing a vital role in the regulation of metabolism, development and growth. Its structure is conserved among vertebrates. Tg is delivered through the secretory pathway of the thyroid follicular unit to the central colloid depository, where it is iodinated at specific tyrosine sites to form mono- or diiodotyrosine, which combine to produce triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), respectively. Synthesis of these hormones depends on the precise 3D structure of Tg, which has remained unknown despite decades of research. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human thyroglobulin (hTg) to a global resolution of 3.2 Å. The structure provides detailed information on the location of the hTg hormonogenic sites and reveals the position as well as the role of many of its glycosylation sites. Our results offer structural insight into thyroid hormonogenesis and provide a fundamental understanding of clinically relevant hTg mutations, which can improve treatment of thyroid diseases.

scholarly journals Cryo-EM structure of native human thyroglobulin

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Adaixo ◽  
Eva Steiner ◽  
Ricardo Righetto ◽  
Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Henning Stahlberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
3D Structure ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Cryo Electron Microscopy ◽  
Glycosylation Sites ◽  
Regulation Of Metabolism ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The thyroglobulin (Tg) protein is essential to thyroid hormone synthesis, playing a vital role in the regulation of metabolism, development and growth. Its structure is conserved among vertebrates. Tg is delivered through the secretory pathway of the thyroid follicular unit to the central colloid depository, where it is iodinated at specific tyrosine sites to form mono- or diiodotyrosine, which combine to produce triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), respectively. Synthesis of these hormones depends on the precise 3D structure of Tg, which has remained unknown despite decades of research. Here, we present the cryo-electron microscopy structure of human thyroglobulin (hTg) to a global resolution of 3.2 Å. The structure provides detailed information on the location of the hTg hormonogenic sites and reveals the position as well as the role of many of its glycosylation sites. Our results offer structural insight into thyroid hormonogenesis and provide a fundamental understanding of clinically relevant hTg mutations, which can improve treatment of thyroid diseases.

Assertion, Negotiation and Subjugation of Identity: Understanding the Tamil-Malayali Conflict in Munnar

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-182
Author(s):  
Shyam Hari P.
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Identity ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Major Objective ◽  
Heterogeneous Societies ◽  
Insight Into

Social identities play a critical role in the various phases of conflict. Existing literature often examines the role of social identity of groups in inducing conflict in heterogeneous societies. This article puts forward the view that the role of identity is not limited in terms of inducing conflict, but it also plays a vital role in influencing the dynamics of conflict. Based on this conceptual framework, the article outlines the conflict dynamics observable in the Kannan Devan Hills village in Kerala, where several factors, over the course of time in the last century, have led to the perception of conflict between the Tamils and the Malayalis. As a major objective, the article identifies the issues and processes of social interaction between the two groups that necessarily influence the nature of the conflict. The article identifies that the conflict between the two communities, though mostly latent, can be seen through three important aspects: assertion, negotiation and subjugation of identities. Through assertion of identity, the conflict is perceived over ethnic lines, whereas the process of negotiation and subjugation of identity constantly undermines the ethnic nature of conflict to specific grievances, thus giving insight into the dynamic nature of the conflict.

scholarly journals Long Non-coding RNA: Insight Into Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhen Lan ◽  
Yanting Chen ◽  
Jiali Jin ◽  
Yun Xu ◽  
Xiaolei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Long Non Coding Rna ◽  
Insight Into

Alzheimer's disease (AD), a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder, is the most common cause of dementia accounting for an estimated 60–80% of cases. The pathogenesis of AD remains unclear, and no curative treatment is available so far. Increasing evidence has revealed a vital role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in AD. LncRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of AD via modulating amyloid production, Tau hyperphosphorylation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, synaptic impairment and neuroinflammation. This review describes the biological functions and mechanisms of lncRNAs in AD, indicating that lncRNAs may provide potential therapeutic targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AD.

scholarly journals An Integrated Health-System Specialty Pharmacy Model for Coordinating Transitions of Care: Specialty Medication Challenges and Specialty Pharmacist Opportunities

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Autumn D. Zuckerman ◽  
Alicia Carver ◽  
Katrina Cooper ◽  
Brandon Markley ◽  
Amy Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Health System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Transitions Of Care ◽  
Case Examples ◽  
Specialty Pharmacy ◽  
Specialty Medication ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shed Light

Adherence and persistence to specialty medications are necessary to achieve successful outcomes of costly therapies. The increasing use of specialty medications has exposed several unique barriers to certain specialty treatments’ continuation. Integrated specialty pharmacy teams facilitate transitions in sites of care, between different provider types, among prescribed specialty medications, and during financial coverage changes. We review obstacles encountered within these types of transitions and the role of the specialty pharmacist in overcoming these obstacles. Case examples for each type of specialty transition provide insight into the unique complexities faced by patients, and shed light on pharmacists’ vital role in patient care. This insightful and real-world experience is needed to facilitate best practices in specialty care, particularly in the growing number of health-system specialty pharmacies.

scholarly journals Crystal chemistry and the role of ionic radius in rare earth tetrasilicates: Ba2RE2Si4O12F2(RE = Er3+–Lu3+) and Ba2RE2Si4O13(RE = La3+–Ho3+)

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 907-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Fulle ◽  
Liurukara D. Sanjeewa ◽  
Colin D. McMillen ◽  
Joseph W. Kolis
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Ionic Radius ◽  
Rare Earth Ions ◽  
Hydrothermal Fluids ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Ionic Radii ◽  
Space Group ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Insight Into

Structural variations across a series of barium rare earth (RE) tetrasilicates are studied. Two different formulas are observed, namely those of a new cyclo-silicate fluoride, BaRE2Si4O12F2(RE = Er3+–Lu3+) and new compounds in the Ba2RE2Si4O13(RE = La3+–Ho3+) family, covering the whole range of ionic radii for the rare earth ions. The Ba2RE2Si4O13series is further subdivided into two polymorphs, also showing a dependence on rare earth ionic radius (space group P{\overline 1} for La3+–Nd3+, and space groupC2/cfor Sm3+–Ho3+). Two of the structure types identified are based on dinuclear rare earth units that differ in their crystal chemistries, particularly with respect to the role of fluorine as a structural director. The broad study of rare earth ions provides greater insight into understanding structural variations within silicate frameworks and the nature off-block incorporation in oxyanion frameworks. The single crystals are grown from high-temperature (ca953 K) hydrothermal fluids, demonstrating the versatility of the technique to access new phases containing recalcitrant rare earth oxides, enabling the study of structural trends.

scholarly journals My home — the hospital: A case study

Curationis ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.D. Jaftha
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Family Environment ◽  
Normal Family ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Insight Into

The first years of life, so important in a child’s development, should be spent with its mother in a normal family environment. If the child is denied this, then permanent emotional and intellectual disability can result. This article describes how we tried to prevent this from occurring in Andrew, a little boy who had to spend the first three years of his life in hospital because of a tracheostomy. Hopefully, this account will help others who deal with chronically hospitalised children to anticipate some of the problems that can arise and give them an insight into the vital role of the nurse in dealing with the situation.

Potential roles of α-amylase in Alzheimer’s disease: Biomarker and drug target

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Win Ning Chen ◽  
Kim San Tang ◽  
Keng Yoon Yeong
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Drug Target ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Amylase Inhibitors ◽  
Insight Into

: Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is pathologically characterized by the deposition of amyloid-β plaques and the formation of neurofibrillary tangles. In a neurodegenerative brain, glucose metabolism is also impaired and considered as one of the key features in AD patients. The impairment causes a reduction in glucose transporters and the uptake of glucose as well as alterations in the specific activity of glycolytic enzymes. Recently, it has been reported that α-amylase, a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme, is present in the human brain. The enzyme is known to be associated with various diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus and hyperamylasaemia. With this information at hand, we hypothesize that α-amylase could have a vital role in the demented brains of AD patients. This review aims to shed insight into the possible link between the expression levels of α-amylase and AD. Lastly, we also cover the diverse role of amylase inhibitors and how they could serve as a therapeutic agent to manage or stop AD progression.

scholarly journals circRNAs: Insight Into Their Role in Tumor-Associated Macrophages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saili Duan ◽  
Shan Wang ◽  
Tao Huang ◽  
Junpu Wang ◽  
Xiaoqing Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Tumor Associated Macrophages ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Insight Into

Currently, it is well known that the tumor microenvironment not only provides energy support for tumor growth but also regulates tumor signaling pathways and promotes the proliferation, invasion, metastasis, and drug resistance of tumor cells. The tumor microenvironment, especially the function and mechanism of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), has attracted great attention. TAMs are the most common immune cells in the tumor microenvironment and play a vital role in the occurrence and development of tumors. circular RNA (circRNA) is a unique, widespread, and stable form of non-coding RNA (ncRNA), but little is known about the role of circRNAs in TAMs or how TAMs affect circRNAs. In this review, we summarize the specific manifestations of circRNAs that affect the tumor-associated macrophages and play a significant role in tumor progression. This review helps improve our understanding of the association between circRNAs and TAMs, thereby promoting the development and progress of potential clinical targeted therapies.

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