scholarly journals The interaction of insulin with phospholipids

1971 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Perry ◽  
W. Tampion ◽  
J. A. Lucy
Keyword(s):  
Phosphatidic Acid ◽  
Functional System ◽  
Buffer System ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Phospholipid Micelles ◽  
Structural And Functional Properties ◽  
Chloroform Phase ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Triton X

1. A simple two-phase chloroform–aqueous buffer system was used to investigate the interaction of insulin with phospholipids and other amphipathic substances. 2. The distribution of 125I-labelled insulin in this system was determined after incubation at 37°C. Phosphatidic acid, dicetylphosphoric acid and, to a lesser extent, phosphatidylcholine and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solubilized 125I-labelled insulin in the chloroform phase, indicating the formation of chloroform-soluble insulin–phospholipid or insulin–amphipath complexes. Phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, cholesterol, stearylamine and Triton X-100 were without effect. 3. Formation of insulin–phospholipid complex was confirmed by paper chromatography. 4. The two-phase system was adapted to act as a simple functional system with which to investigate possible effects of insulin on the structural and functional properties of phospholipid micelles in chloroform, by using the distribution of [14C]glucose between the two phases as a monitor of phospholipid–insulin interactions. The ability of phospholipids to solubilize [14C]glucose in chloroform increased in the order phosphatidylcholine<sphingomyelin<phosphatidylethanolamine<phosphatidic acid. Insulin decreased the [14C]glucose solubilized by phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidic acid, but not by sphingomyelin. 5. The significance of these results and the molecular requirements for the formation of insulin–phospholipid complexes in chloroform are discussed.

Activity coefficients, densities, dipole moments, and surface tensions of the system triethylamine–methylethylketone–water

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan N. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Dipole Moments ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Constant Composition ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Isothermal System ◽  
Total Composition ◽  
Two Phases

The properties named in the title have been determined by standard methods. Viscosity, molar volume, and orientation polarisation all indicate abnormalities of the nature of association between the components.The most interesting result is that of surface tension which indicates that, in the case of the binary system triethylamine–water, a surface layer of constant composition is formed over a wide range of total composition. When, by a rise in temperature of two or three degrees, this layer becomes unstable, it splits into two phases of different composition. The surface layer may then be instantaneously reformed and so on. A mechanism for the generation of a two-phase system is thus established. The data for the three-phase, isothermal, system are not so convincing, for reasons that are suggested.

Robotic Hardware and Software Integration for Changing Human Intentions

2012 ◽  
pp. 380-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akif Durdu ◽  
Ismet Erkmen ◽  
Aydan M. Erkmen ◽  
Alper Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Video Processing ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Human Intention ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Intention Estimation

Estimating and reshaping human intentions are among the most significant topics of research in the field of human-robot interaction. This chapter provides an overview of intention estimation literature on human-robot interaction, and introduces an approach on how robots can voluntarily reshape estimated intentions. The reshaping of the human intention is achieved by the robots moving in certain directions that have been a priori observed from the interactions of humans with the objects in the scene. Being among the only few studies on intention reshaping, the authors of this chapter exploit spatial information by learning a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) of motion, which is tailored for intelligent robotic interaction. The algorithmic design consists of two phases. At first, the approach detects and tracks human to estimate the current intention. Later, this information is used by autonomous robots that interact with detected human to change the estimated intention. In the tracking and intention estimation phase, postures and locations of the human are monitored by applying low-level video processing methods. In the latter phase, learned HMM models are used to reshape the estimated human intention. This two-phase system is tested on video frames taken from a real human-robot environment. The results obtained using the proposed approach shows promising performance in reshaping of detected intentions.

Ground substance mucopolysaccharides and plasma proteins: their role in capillary water balance

1976 ◽  
Vol 230 (4) ◽  
pp. 1121-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Wiederhielm ◽  
Fox ◽  
DR Lee
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Ground Substance ◽  
Free Fluid ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Volume Measurements ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Computer Simulation Studies ◽  
Tracer Molecules ◽  
Selection Of

The osmotic interaction of mucopolysaccharides and plasma proteins, normally present in the interstitium, has been investigated. It has been found that hyaluronate-plasma protein mixtures may be treated as a two-phase system and that the two phases are in osmotic equilibrium. The osmotic pressures exerted by these mixtures are higher than the algebraic sum of the two components. At concentrations normally present in the interstitium of skin and muscle (0.6% mucopolysaccharides and 2% protein), the osmotic pressure exerted by the mixture is on the order of 10 mmHg, which is in agreement with predictions from earlier computer-simulation studies. The partition of fluid between the gel-like mucopolysaccharide compartment and the free-fluid containing the protein is approximately 50% in the "gel" phase at concentrations found in the interstitium. The volume exclusion effects of the interstitial mucopolysaccharides are significant, both in terms of selection of tracer molecules for interstitial volume measurements and also as an osmotic buffering mechanism which aids in maintaining the partition of fluid between the circulation and the interstitial space.

scholarly journals Tiny Bubbles

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5
Author(s):  
Stephen W. Carmichael
Keyword(s):  
Lower Energy ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Interfacial Area ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Liquid Phases ◽  
Phase Systems ◽  
Two Phases

This is not an article about the song made famous by the late (great) Don Ho. This is about a breakthrough in the understanding of how micrometer-sized bubbles can be stabilized for long periods of time. This can influence the taste, smell, and consistency of consumer products including food and cosmetics.In two-phase systems, which can include air (as bubbles) suspended within a liquid, the structures of the dispersed (bubbles) and continuous (liquid) phases play a critical role in determining the properties of the material. There is also the function of time in that the microstructure of the dispersed phase continuously evolves toward a state of lower energy by minimizing the surface area between the two phases (referred to as the interfacial area). In the long term, this time evolution diminishes the usefulness of two-phase systems. Emilie Dressaire, Rodney Bee, David Bell, Alex Lips, and Howard Stone have devised a way to stabilize a two-phase system for time periods of a year or longer.

WELL-POSEDNESS OF A PHASE TRANSITION MODEL WITH THE POSSIBILITY OF VOIDS

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 559-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHEL FRÉMOND ◽  
ELISABETTA ROCCA
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transition ◽  
Balance Equation ◽  
Strain Tensor ◽  
Absolute Temperature ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Well Posedness ◽  
State Variables ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Two Phases

The paper deals with a phase transition model applied to a two-phase system. There is a wide literature on the study of phase transition processes in case that no voids nor overlapping can occur between the two phases. The main novelty of our approach is the possibility of having voids during the phase change. This aspect is described in the model by the mass balance equation whose effects are included by means of the pressure of the system in the dynamical relations. The state variables are the absolute temperature (whose evolution is ruled by the entropy balance equation), the strain tensor (satisfying a quasi-static macroscopic equation of motion), and the volume fractions of the two phases (whose evolutions are described by a vectorial equation coming from the principle of virtual power and related to the microscopic motions). Well-posedness of the initial-boundary value problem associated to the PDEs system resulting from this model is proved.

scholarly journals Robotic Hardware and Software Integration for Changing Human Intentions

Robotics ◽  
2013 ◽  
pp. 1381-1406
Author(s):  
Akif Durdu ◽  
Ismet Erkmen ◽  
Aydan M. Erkmen ◽  
Alper Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Video Processing ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Robot Interaction ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Video Frames ◽  
Human Intention ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Intention Estimation

Estimating and reshaping human intentions are among the most significant topics of research in the field of human-robot interaction. This chapter provides an overview of intention estimation literature on human-robot interaction, and introduces an approach on how robots can voluntarily reshape estimated intentions. The reshaping of the human intention is achieved by the robots moving in certain directions that have been a priori observed from the interactions of humans with the objects in the scene. Being among the only few studies on intention reshaping, the authors of this chapter exploit spatial information by learning a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) of motion, which is tailored for intelligent robotic interaction. The algorithmic design consists of two phases. At first, the approach detects and tracks human to estimate the current intention. Later, this information is used by autonomous robots that interact with detected human to change the estimated intention. In the tracking and intention estimation phase, postures and locations of the human are monitored by applying low-level video processing methods. In the latter phase, learned HMM models are used to reshape the estimated human intention. This two-phase system is tested on video frames taken from a real human-robot environment. The results obtained using the proposed approach shows promising performance in reshaping of detected intentions.

scholarly journals Purification and Characterization of Lipase Produced by Leuconostoc mesenteroides Subsp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293 Using an Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS) Composed of Triton X-100 and Maltitol

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. 1800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurfadhilah Eko Sukohidayat ◽  
Mohammad Zarei ◽  
Badlishah Baharin ◽  
Mohd Manap
Keyword(s):  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Aqueous Two Phase System ◽  
Process Characteristics ◽  
Sds Page ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Lipase Purification ◽  
Triton X ◽  
First Time

Purification of lipase produced by L. mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides ATCC 8293 was conducted for the first time using a novel aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) composed of Triton X-100 and maltitol. The partitioning of lipase was optimized according to several parameters including pH, temperature, and crude load. Results showed that lipase preferentially migrated to the Triton X-100 rich phase and optimum lipase partitioning was achieved in ATPS at TLL of 46.4% and crude load of 20% at 30 °C and pH 8, resulting in high lipase purification factor of 17.28 and yield of 94.7%. The purified lipase showed a prominent band on SDS-PAGE with an estimated molecular weight of 50 kDa. The lipase was stable at the temperature range of 30–60 °C and pH range of 6–11, however, it revealed its optimum activity at the temperature of 37 °C and pH 8. Moreover, lipase exhibited enhanced activity in the presence of non-ionic surfactants with increased activity up to 40%. Furthermore, results exhibited that metals ions such as Na+, Mg2+, K+ and Ca2+ stimulated lipase activity. This study demonstrated that this novel system could be potentially used as an alternative to traditional ATPS for the purification and recovery of enzymes since the purified lipase still possesses good process characteristics after undergoing the purification process.

Anti money laundering using a two-phase system

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 304-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamer Hossam Moustafa ◽  
Mohamed Zaki Abd El-Megied ◽  
Tarek Salah Sobh ◽  
Khaled Mohamed Shafea
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Scoring ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Clear Shift ◽  
Monitoring Phase

Purpose – This paper aims to compete and detect suspicious transactions that can lead to detecting money laundering cases. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presents a plan-based framework for anti-money laundering systems (PBAMLS). Such a framework is novel and consists of two phases, in addition to several supporting modules. The first phase, the monitoring phase, utilizes an automata approach as a formalism to detect probable money laundering. The detection process is based on a money laundering deterministic finite automaton that has been obtained from the corresponding regular expressions which specify different money laundering processes. The second phase is STRIPS-based planning phase that aims at strengthening the belief in the probable problems discovered in the first (monitoring) phase. In addition, PBAMLS contains several supporting modules for data collection and mediation, link analysis and risk scoring. To assess the applicability of PBAMLS, it has been tested using different cases studies. Findings – This framework provides a clear shift of anti-money laundering systems (AML) from depending heuristic and human expertise to making use of a rigorous formalism to accomplish concrete decisions. It minimizes the possibilities of false positive alarms and increases the certainty in decision-making. Practical implications – This framework enhances the detection of money laundering cases. It also minimizes the number of false-positive alarms that waste the investigators’ efforts and time; it decreases the efforts presented by the investigators. Originality/value – This work proposes PBAMLS as a novel plan-based framework for AML systems.

Modeling of flow and mass transport in granular porous media

Open Physics ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Coutelieris
Keyword(s):  
Mass Transport ◽  
Volume Averaging ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Immobile Phase ◽  
Spatial Volume ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Flow And Mass Transport ◽  
Averaging Techniques

AbstractThe scope of this work is to estimate the effective mass-transfer coefficient in a two-phase system of oil and water fluid droplets, both being in a porous medium. To this end, a tracer is advected from the flowing aqueous phase to the immobile non-aqueous one. Partitioning at the fluid-fluid interface and surface diffusion are also taken into account. By using spatial/volume-averaging techniques, the appropriately simplified boundary-value problems are described and numerically solved for the flow velocity field and for the transport problem. The problem was found to be controlled by the Peclet number of the flowing phase, the dimensionless parameter Λ, containing both diffusion and partition in the two phases, as well as the geometrical properties of the porous structure. It is also verified that the usually involved unit cell-configurations underestimate the mass transport to the immobile phase.

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