scholarly journals Zinc binding in cow's milk and human milk

1983 ◽  
Vol 209 (2) ◽  
pp. 505-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Blakeborough ◽  
D N Salter ◽  
M I Gurr
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Zinc Binding ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Major Protein ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
A Minor

In both cow's milk and human milk, zinc was associated with proteins of high molecular weight (greater than 100 000), as judged by analysis with Sephadex G-75. Precipitation of the casein at pH 4.6 and filtration of the resultant acid whey on Sephadex G-25 led, however, to the recovery of about 90% of the zinc as a compound of low molecular weight, which was tentatively identified as zinc citrate. Over 95% of the zinc of cow's milk was sedimented with the casein micelles on ultracentrifugation. Filtration of these micellar caseins on Sephadex G-150 gave two peaks containing zinc, which corresponded to aggregates of alpha-casein-kappa-casein and of alpha-casein-beta-casein. Ultracentrifugation of human milk sedimented only approx. 40% of total zinc. Analysis of sediment and supernatant on Sephadex G-150, however, indicated that about 85% of the zinc was associated with a protein complex of molecular weight greater than 150 000. The major protein of this complex was identified as lactoferrin. A minor zinc-binding component of average molecular weight 30 000 was also observed in the supernatant. The results indicated that zinc is bound to different macromolecules in cow's and human milk. This may be a factor affecting the bioavailability to the human infant of zinc from the two milks, and it is suggested that in human milk lactoferrin may be involved in the uptake of zinc.

scholarly journals Digestion of the zinc in human milk, cow's milk and a commercial babyfood: some implications for human infant nutrition

1986 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Blakeborough ◽  
Michael I. Gurr ◽  
Dallyn N. Salter
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Molecular Weight Form

1. The digestion of zinc present in human milk, cow's milk and a commercial babyfood was compared, using the piglet as a model for the human infant.2. In piglets given human milk the pH of stomach contents was approximately 1 and 0.4 units lower than that of animals given respectively cow's milk and babyfood. The pH values of intestinal contents were approximately neutral and did not vary with the type of feed.3. Hard casein curds were present throughout the stomachs and small intestines of animals fed on cow's milk or babyfood and between 55 and 70% Zn in these digesta samples were recovered in an insoluble form by centrifugation. In contrast, little solid material was observed in the digesta of animals fed on human milk, and 57 and 93% respectively of the Zn in digesta were recovered in a soluble form in the stomach and small intestine.4. Soluble fractions prepared by centrifugation of digesta were analysed by filtration on Sephadex G-150. After any of the three feeds, soluble Zn in stomach contents was mainly in a low-molecular-weight form. In intestinal samples, however, Zn was present in low- and high-molecular-weight forms. Whilst there were similar amounts of Zn in the low-molecular-weight form in all samples, approximately three times as much of the total intestinal Zn was in a soluble high-molecular-weight form complexed to proteins in the animals fed on human milk compared with those fed on cow's milk or babyfood.5. Analysis of protein-bound soluble Zn in intestinal samples on SDS-polyacrylamide gels resulted in a similar pattern of proteins for all feeds. Results indicated that at least some of these proteins were derived from intestinal secretions of the piglet.6. Some implications of these results in respect of the mode of digestion of Zn and its biological availability to the human infant are discussed.

ETIOLOGIC FACTORS IN TETANY OF NEWLY BORN INFANTS

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 228-240
Author(s):  
LYTT I. GARDNER ◽  
ELSIE A. MACLACHLAN ◽  
WALTER PICK ◽  
MARY L. TERRY ◽  
ALLAN M. BUTLER
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Human Infant ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Sixteen cases of neonatal tetany are reported, all of whom were fed cow's milk formulas. Relative to human milk, cow's milk has a low Ca:P ratio and increased total P concentration. These differences are accentuated in some commercial milks prepared for infant feeding. Cow's milk, even if diluted 2:1 with water, is an unphysiologic food for the human infant in the neonatal period, producing elevated serum P and decreased serum Ca and Mg levels. Increasing the Ca:P ratio of cow's milk to that of human milk or dilution 1:2 with water limits the abnormal changes in serum P, Ca and Mg concentrations referred to. A high P diet of an inadequately diluted cow's milk formula causes hypertrophy of the parathyroid glands of the newborn infant. The maximum renal P clearance of the human newborn infant in the first week of life appears to approximate 3500 ml./sq. m./24 hrs. Our observations indicate that when newborn infants are fed cow's milk formulas commonly used in this country limitation in parathyroid and renal function predisposes to tetany. The foregoing data emphasize the physiologic character of human milk for the newborn infant. If breast milk is unavailable, a suitable formula for the neonatal period appears to be cow's milk 1 part, water 2 parts, 10% carbohydrate and Ca-gluconate to produce a Ca:P ration approaching that of breast milk. The added water and Ca should then be gradually reduced.

Gastroduodenal Motility in Neonates: Response to Human Milk Compared With Cow's Milk Formula

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 80 (3) ◽  
pp. 434-438
Author(s):  
T. Tomomasa ◽  
P. E. Hyman ◽  
K. Itoh ◽  
J. Y. Hsu ◽  
T. Koizumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Milk Formula ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Fasting State ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Gastroduodenal Motility

It is known that breast milk empties more quickly from the stomach than does infant formula. We studied the difference in gastroduodenal motility between neonates fed with human milk and those fed with infant formula. Twenty-four five-to 36-day-old neonates were fed with mother's breast milk or with a cow's milk-based formula. Postprandlial gastroduodenal contractions were recorded manometrically for three hours. Repetitive, high-amplitude nonmigrating contractions were the dominant wave form during the postprandial period. The number of episodes, duration, amplitude, and frequency of nonmigrating contractions were not different following the different feedings. The migrating myoelectric complex, which signals a return to the interdigestive (fasting) state, appeared in 75% of breast milk-fed infants but only 17% of formula-fed infants (P < .05) within the three-hour recording period. Because contractions were similar following the two meals, but a fasting state recurred more rapidly in breast-fed infants, we conclude that factors other than phasic, nonpropagated antroduodenal contractions were responsible for the differences in gastric emptying between breast milk and formula.

Human Breast Milk Contains Bovine lgG. Relationship to Infant Colic?

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-444
Author(s):  
Patrick S. Clyne ◽  
Anthony Kulczycki
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Infant Colic ◽  
Β Lactoglobulin

Previous studies have suggested that an unidentified cow's milk protein, other than β-lactoglobulin and casein, might play a pathogenetic role in infant colic. Therefore, a radioimmunoassay was used to analyze human breast milk and infant formula samples for the presence of bovine IgG. Milk samples from 88 of the 97 mothers tested contained greater than 0.1 µg/mL of bovine IgG. In a study group of 59 mothers with infants in the colic-prone 2- to 17-week age group, the 29 mothers of colicky infants had higher levels of bovine IgG in their breast milk (median 0.42 µg/mL) than the 30 mothers of noncolicky infants (median 0.32 µg/mL) (P < .02). The highest concentrations of bovine IgG observed in human milk were 8.5 and 8.2 µg/mL. Most cow's milk-based infant formulas contained 0.6 to 6.4 µg/mL of bovine IgG, a concentration comparable with levels found in many human milk samples. The results suggest that appreciable quantities of bovine IgG are commonly present in human milk, that significantly higher levels are present in milk from mothers of colicky infants, and that bovine IgG may possibly be involved in the pathogenesis of infant colic.

Manganese Absorption from Human Milk, Cow’s Milk and Infant Formulas

1988 ◽  
pp. 511-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Davidsson ◽  
Å. Cederblad ◽  
B. Lönnerdal ◽  
B. Sandström
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Infant Formulas ◽  
Cow's Milk

scholarly journals INVESTIGATION AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF DONKEY’S MILK OF THE KEGETY GORGE

InterConf ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 363-369
Author(s):  
Nadira Turganbaeva ◽  
Dinara Isakova
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Donkey Milk ◽  
Cow's Milk

The objective of this paper was to study the amino acid composition of donkey milk inhabiting the Kegety gorge of the Chui region. As well as human milk, donkey and mare’s milk is albumin; the amount of casein is 35-45%, while cow’s milk is casein milk with casein content over 75%. The peculiarity of albumin milk is a higher biological and nutritional value, due to better amino acid balance, high sugar content and the ability to form small, delicate flakes when souring. In terms of its properties, albumin milk is closest to human milk and is the best substitute for it. The obtained results showed that the quantitative content of 7 essential amino acids out of 8, such as lysine, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, valine, threonine is relatively high compared to other amino acids. Despite the absence of tryptophan in donkey milk, the percentage of 8 essential amino acids in donkey milk protein exceeds that in mare and cow’s milk.

Serum Immunoglobulins in Preterm Infants: Comparison of Human Milk and Formula Feeding

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkki Savilahti ◽  
Anna-Liisa Järvenpää ◽  
Niels C. R. Räihä
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Formula Feeding ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
Serum Immunoglobulins

Serum concentrations of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) were studied in 64 preterm infants with gestational age of 31 to 36 weeks (mean 33.2 weeks), between 1 week and 4 months after birth. Infants were fed solely human milk or formula based on cow's milk. Infants fed formula exhibited significantly higher IgA levels at the age of 9 to 13 weeks than infants fed human milk. Infants given human milk who received more than 60% of their feeding in the hospital from their own mother had significantly higher IgA levels at the age of 3 weeks than did those receiving less than 30% of their feeding from their own mother. At 1 week of age, formula-fed infants with gestational age of 31 to 33 weeks had a significantly lower mean IgG concentration than those with gestational age of 34 to 36 weeks. However, the two term subgroups of infants receiving human milk, had similar mean concentrations of IgG and the value for infants of 31 to 33 weeks of gestation was significantly higher than that for formula-fed infants at the same gestational age. Serum IgM concentrations were similar whether infants were receiving human milk or formula. The formula feeding caused a more rapid maturation of IgA than did human milk. Results suggest that preterm infants may absorb IgA from the milk of their own mothers and that preterm infants with gestational age of 31 to 33 weeks may absorb IgG from human milk.

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