Effects of temperature and other environmental conditions on the conformation of the collagen α1(I) chain C-terminal telopeptide

1986 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-135
Author(s):  
PAUL G. SCOTT
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Relationships between temperature and Pacific hake distribution vary across latitude and life-history stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 639 ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Malick ◽  
ME Hunsicker ◽  
MA Haltuch ◽  
SL Parker-Stetter ◽  
AM Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Environmental Effects ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Vancouver Island ◽  
Additive Models ◽  
Life History Stage ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Merluccius Productus ◽  
Multiple Dimensions ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Environmental conditions can have spatially complex effects on the dynamics of marine fish stocks that change across life-history stages. Yet the potential for non-stationary environmental effects across multiple dimensions, e.g. space and ontogeny, are rarely considered. In this study, we examined the evidence for spatial and ontogenetic non-stationary temperature effects on Pacific hake Merluccius productus biomass along the west coast of North America. Specifically, we used Bayesian additive models to estimate the effects of temperature on Pacific hake biomass distribution and whether the effects change across space or life-history stage. We found latitudinal differences in the effects of temperature on mature Pacific hake distribution (i.e. age 3 and older); warmer than average subsurface temperatures were associated with higher biomass north of Vancouver Island, but lower biomass offshore of Washington and southern Vancouver Island. In contrast, immature Pacific hake distribution (i.e. age 2) was better explained by a nonlinear temperature effect; cooler than average temperatures were associated with higher biomass coastwide. Together, our results suggest that Pacific hake distribution is driven by interactions between age composition and environmental conditions and highlight the importance of accounting for varying environmental effects across multiple dimensions.

scholarly journals Development of MILIONCAST, an Improved Model for Predicting Downy Mildew Sporulation on Onions

Plant Disease ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 88 (7) ◽  
pp. 695-702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tijs Gilles ◽  
Kath Phelps ◽  
John P. Clarkson ◽  
Roy Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Temporal Pattern ◽  
Random Model ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
High Humidity ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Improved Model ◽  
Accuracy Of Prediction

The effects of temperature and relative humidity on Peronospora destructor sporulation on onion (Allium cepa) leaves were studied under controlled environmental conditions. Sporangia were produced most rapidly at 8 to 12°C after 5 h of high humidity during dark periods. The greatest number of sporangia was produced at 100% relative humidity (RH), and sporulation decreased to almost nil when humidity decreased to 93% RH. A model, named MILIONCAST (an acronym for MILdew on onION foreCAST), was developed based on the data from these controlled environment studies to predict the rate of sporulation in relation to temperature and relative humidity. The accuracy of prediction of sporulation was evaluated by comparing predictions with observations of sporulation on infected plants in pots outdoors. The accuracy of MILIONCAST was compared with the accuracy of existing models based on DOWNCAST. MILIONCAST gave more correct predictions of sporulation than the DOWNCAST models and a random model. All models based on DOWNCAST were more accurate than the random model when compared on the basis of all predictions (including positive and negative predictions), but they gave fewer correct predictions of sporulation than the random model. De Visser's DOWNCAST and ONIMIL improved their accuracy of prediction of sporulation events when the threshold humidity for sporulation was reduced to 92% RH. The temporal pattern of predicted sporulation by MILIONCAST generally corresponded well to the pattern of sporulation observed on the outdoor potted plants at Wellesbourne, UK.

Propanil Plus Methyl Parathion on Rice (Oryza sativa)

Weed Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene D. Wills ◽  
Joe E. Street
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Wilting Point

Effects of propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)propanamide] applied to three- to four-leaf rice (Oryza sativaL.) 1 or 7 days before, after, or tank mixed with methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) were determined under different environmental conditions. Field experiments determined the effect on yield of drill-seeded rice, ‘Labelle’ for two planting dates in 1982 and ‘Lemont’ for one planting date in 1986. Treatments were applied at sunrise and at noon. Growth chamber and greenhouse experiments determined the effects of temperature, relative humidity (RH), and soil moisture on response of Labelle rice. In all experiments, propanil, both alone and with methyl parathion, resulted in 20 to 30% leaf burn during the first week after treatment with rapid recovery to less than 10% injury after 3 to 4 weeks. In field experiments, yields were not reduced in the treated rice below that in the untreated controls. In controlled-environment experiments, rice was not injured by propanil plus methyl parathion more than by propanil alone after 2 to 4 weeks. Both treated and untreated rice were injured more by the environmental conditions of high (40 C) temperature, low (40%) RH, and low (near the wilting point) soil moisture than by low (30 C) temperature, high (100%) RH, and flooded soil.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature, Light, and Rainfall on Superficial Scald Development in Apples

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 750E-750
Author(s):  
William J. Bramlage ◽  
Sarah A. Weis
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
New England ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Cool Temperature ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Superficial Scald ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Preharvest environmental conditions apparently determine susceptibility of apples to postharvest scald development. Cool temperature, as hours below 10C, can greatly reduce susceptibility, but greater than 30C appears to enhance it. These effects appear to interact, because a high-temperature episode can cause loss of some low-temperature benefit. Shading of fruit increases their scald susceptibility and preharvest light conditions, along with preharvest rainfall, appear to be factors in scald susceptibility in New England. Fruit maturation reduces scald susceptibility. We are constructing models of contributions of these variables to scald susceptibility of fruit grown under different environmental conditions, and in this the relative importance of these variables is being evaluated.

Effects of Temperature and Light Variations on Seed Germination in Sunflower(Helianthus)Species

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Olivieri ◽  
S. K. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Germination Characteristics ◽  
Helianthus Species ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Seed Characteristics ◽  
Helianthus Exilis

Some genetic and physiological aspects of seed germination of wild and weedy sunflowers were investigated in order to analyze their population differentiation in seed characteristics. Seed germination of six populations classified on the basis of morphology asHelianthus exilisGray,H. exilis-bolanderihybrids, andH. bolanderiGray was studied under red light at 20 C. The average germination of the three groups respectively were 56, 63, and 42%. Germinability of individual plant progenies derived from populations ofH. bolanderiandH. exiliswas studied under red and far-red light combined with the pretreatments at two temperatures (10 and 20 C). Average germination per progeny reached a maximum of 59% with red light and 10 C inH. bolanderi. Far-red light promoted germination ofH. bolanderibut was ineffective withH. exilis. The homogeneity of populations within each taxon and the fact that germinability differences among theH. bolanderiprogenies were consistent over replications, suggest a genetic component of variation. However, progenies obtained by crossing selected individuals that germinated under certain light and temperature treatments, were not significantly correlated in germinability with that of their parents. Inheritance of germination characteristics appears to be complex and highly dependent on the environmental conditions.

Influence of Mixing Environmental Conditions on Flowability of Lactose Blends

2014 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yun Lu ◽  
Lan Chen ◽  
Rui Lin Heng ◽  
Yun Zhang Cheng ◽  
Umezuruike Linus Opara
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Dry Powder ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Powder Flowability ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Powder flowability is one of the most important properties affecting the filling and delivering processes of dry powder inhalations. When the powder is exposed to different environmental (temperature, relative humidity (RH)) conditions, the interaction between particulates would influence the flowability of powders. Blends of 83% coarse lactose (D50=126μm) and 17% fine lactose (D50= 7μm) were prepared at three different mixing environments and the effects of temperature and humidity on powder flowability were investigated. Results indicated that mixing under relatively higher temperature and lower RH environmental conditions improved the flowability of lactose blends.

Effects of temperature and salinity on immature and juvenile Neomysis americana (Smith) (Crustacea; Mysidacea)

1982 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 2725-2728 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Pezzack ◽  
S. Corey
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Tolerance Range ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The temperature and salinity tolerance of newly released young Neomysis americana was measured for two acclimation temperatures and salinities. The newly released young possess a wide tolerance range to changes in temperature and salinity. Salinities as low as 4‰ had no effect on the molt or growth rate. The effect of environmental conditions on the distribution and life history are discussed.

scholarly journals DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE AND pH ON THE ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF PATHOGENIC AND NON-PATHOGENIC STRAINS OF ESCHERICHIA COLI

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narender Chaudhry ◽  
Tapan K. Mukherjee ◽  
Tapan K. Mukherjee ◽  
Tapan K. Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pathogenic Strain ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Differential Effects ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Best Value ◽  
Induce Resistance ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Main aim of the present study was to determine differential effects of temperature and pH on the sensitivity/resistance of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Both the bacterial strains were subjected to MIC determination. These were subjected to the varying values of environmental stresses including temperature and pH. The growth was monitored using spectrophotometer and degree of resistance if gained was screened over the agar dilution plates. Morphological changes were also observed in the shape and size of bacteria using light microscope at 1000X.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Present study enlightened the facts that pathogenic strain and a non-pathogenic strain of <em>E. coli</em> behave differently for factors like pH and temperature. It is not so that if non-pathogenic <em>E. coli</em> gains resistance to antibiotic under a specified condition of temperature and pH, then the pathogenic strain would also gain resistance the same way. It was noticed in present study that non-pathogenic <em>E. coli</em> is not very sensitive to the antibiotics, but the pathogenic <em>E. coli</em> is much more sensitive to antibiotics like ciprofloxacin, however it is easy for the pathogenic strain than the non-pathogenic one to gain resistance to antibiotic if proper environmental condition is made available like temperature of 30 °C and pH 6.5 (which appeared to be the best value of respective stresses regarding gain of resistance). However, it is not so that two drugs like ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol acts with efficacy in similar environmental conditions. Similarly, the bacteria also gains resistance to these drugs under different environmental conditions. The study proved pivotal in concluding that temperature alone can’t induce resistance in the bacteria against the antibiotic, also pH plays more significant role in the efficacy of antibiotic and the resistance acquired against it.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains of <em>E. coli</em> behave differently against the abiotic stresses and there may exist a different mechanism of stress regulation in both the strains, which may get even more complicated if the combination of stresses are taken into consideration. These points may help us to understand and get a permanent solution for antibiotic resistance of bacteria hence making pathogens sensitive and non-pathogenic/useful bacteria resistant to the antibiotics.<strong></strong></p>

Daily cycles in serum gonadotropin levels in the goldfish: effects of photoperiod, temperature, and sexual condition

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
pp. 2430-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Hontela ◽  
R. E. Peter
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Regime ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Mature Gonad ◽  
Daily Variations ◽  
Environmental Regimes ◽  
Daily Cycles ◽  
Serum Gonadotropin ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The effects of temperature (12 and 21 °C) and photoperiod (16 h light, 8 h dark; 8 h light, 16 h dark) on daily cycles of serum gonadotropin (GtH) in goldfish with a regressed gonad (GSI = 1.1%), females undergoing ovarian recrudescence (GSI = 5.2%), and females with a mature gonad (GSI = 11%) were investigated. Serum GtH levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Fish with regressed gonads either did not show significant daily fluctuations in serum GtH levels under different environmental regimes or showed daily fluctuations smaller in magnitude than those of females undergoing ovarian recrudescence or mature females. The patterns of daily variations of GtH levels under the same photoperiod and temperature regime were somewhat similar in the latter two groups. Also, under similar environmental conditions, although the GtH levels of females undergoing ovarian recrudescence and mature females were higher than the GtH levels in fish with regressed gonads most of the time during the 24-h period, during a portion of the 24-h period the GtH levels of all three groups were similar.

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