Pelatian Perbaikan Pakan dan Induksi Laserpunktur Pada Pembudidaya Ikan Lele di Desa Winongan Lor Kabupaten Pasuruan Guna Mempercepat Induk Matang Gonad dan Produksi Benih

Pakan merupakan salah satu faktor menentukan keberhasilan usaha budidaya ikan. Pada umumnya pembudidaya memberikan pakan komersial yang dapat menghabiskan sekitar 60-70% dari total biaya produksinya. Sehingga hal ini merupakan hambatan dalam proses budidaya. Oleh karena itu diperlukan probiotik yang ditambahkan pada pakan komersial agar efisien menurunkan jumlah pakan yang diberikan. Probiotik yang ditambahkan dalam pakan komersial ini mengandung sejumlah bakteri yang dapat memberi kuntungkan karena dapat memperbaiki keseimbangan mikroflora intestinal dan daya cernanya. Sedangkan induksi laserpunktur berperan merangsang pelepasan hormon reproduksi dan pemijahan ikan lele, sehingga apabila dipadukan maka percepatan pengadaan induk lele matang gonad akan segera diperoleh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian probiotik dalam pakan komersial dan induk lele diinduksi laserpunktur sebelum dipijahkan terbukti berpengaruh signifikan (P<0.05) terhadap waktu pematangan gonad induk lele betina maupun jantan. Hasil penelitian ini selanjutnya disosialisasikan pada pembudidaya ikan lele di desa Winongan Lor Kabupaten Pasuruan guna mempercepat pengadaan induk lele matang gonad dan siap dipijahkan untuk memproduksi benih. Respon dari para pembudidaya ikan lele setelah mendapatkan pelatihan dan pendampingan ini positif karena memperoleh pengetahuan baru berupa teknologi tepat guna dalam mempercepat induk lele matang gonad siap dipijahkan. Kata kunci: Pakan, probiotik, laserpunktur, matang gonad, produksi benih Abstract The feed is one of the factors determining the success of a fish farming business. In general, farmers provide a commercial feed that can consume about 60-70% of the total cost of production. So this is an obstacle in the cultivation process. Therefore probiotics must be added to commercial feed to efficiently lower the amount of feed given. Probiotics added to this commercial feed contain several bacteria that can benefit because it can improve the balance of the intestinal microflora and its digestive power. While the induction of laserpuncture plays a role in stimulating the release of reproductive hormones and spawning catfish, so that when combined then the acceleration of the procurement of mature catfish brood gonad will be obtained immediately. The results showed that the administration of probiotics in commercial feed and catfish induced by laserpuncture before being colonized proved to have a significant effect (P<0.05) on the maturation of gonads of both female and male catfish. The results of this study were further disseminated to catfish farmers in the Winongan Lor village Pasuruan regency to accelerate the procurement of mature catfish brood gonad and ready to be spawned to produce seeds. The response from catfish farmers after getting training and mentoring is positive because it obtains new knowledge in the form of appropriate technology in accelerating the mother catfish mature gonad ready to be spawned. Keywords: Feed, probiotics, laserpuncture, ripe gonad, seed production

MATURASI IKAN LELE MUTIARA Clarias gariepinus BETINA DENGAN ESTRADIOL-17? MELALUI PAKAN

Some problems in catfish culture are the spawning circle, female catfish begin to mature gonad at 10 months, and after 1,5 months can spawn again. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the process of accelerating maturation female mutiara catfish with the addition Estradiol-17? by oral treatments. The study was design used 3 treatments : 0 ml/kg feed, 0,4 ml/kg feed, 0,6 ml/kg feed with three individual replications. The result showed that the addition of Estradiol-17? significantly affected on reproductive performance : Gonado Somatic Index (GSI) 102,3% and eggs diameter 16,4% in female mutiara catfish compared with 0 ml/kg feed. Key words : Clarias gariepinus, Eggs Diameter, Estradiol-17ß, Gonadosomatic Index (GSI), Reproductive Performance.

ASPEK BIOLOGI DAN ABLASI MATA PADA UDANG WINDU Penaeus monodon SUKU PENAEIDAE (DECAPODA: MALACOSTRACA)

THE ASPECTS OF BIOLOGY ANDEYE ABLATION ON SHRIMP Penaeus monodon PENAEIDAE (DECAPODA: MALACOSTRACA). A qood quality of seeds (fry) is a very important production component to support the shrimp farming activities in ponds. The quantity and quality of shrimp seeds are largely determined by hatchery products obtained from the quality of the broodstock used. The provision of the broodstock is the beginning of the seed production activities and is one of the factors that determines the quality and quantity of the production. The growing demand for mature gonad shrimp is a big problem for shrimp farmers, due to the ability of windu shrimp to spawn in the nature (ripe gonad naturally) takes relatively long time. Therefore, the eye ablation process can accelerate the process of gonad maturity. This article describes some aspects that should be understood in conducting windu shrimp farming as well as explanations of ablation process.

Biologi reproduksi ikan kembung lelaki, Rastreliger kanagurta (Cuvier, 1816) di perairan pesisir Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan

The objective of this research is to observe reproductive biology of Indian mackerel in Takalar coastal waters through gonad maturity development, the first size of mature gonad, spawning, gonado somatic index (GSI), and fecundity. Sampling was done for eight months started from March to October 2015. Gonad maturity stage was observed morphologically, spawning season focusing on direct observation result toward gonad by identifying Indian mackerel which has spawned.GSI was analyzed based on comparison between gonad weight and Indian mackerel weight while fecundity was observed by gravimetric method. Analysis result shows that Indian mackerel gonad maturity throughout the year with peak occurring in July and August. GSI was around 0,928-4,490. The first size of gonad mature of female Indian mackerel is 21,18 cm and male Indian mackerel is 21,31 cm. Spawning occurs after peak of gonad maturity so next month, value of maturity index decreases slowly and gradually. Indian mackerel has total fecundity around 11.235- 40.878 granule. AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati biologi reproduksi ikan kembung lelaki di perairan pesisir Takalar melalui perkembangan kematangan gonad, ukuran pertama matang gonad, musim pemijahan, indeks kematangan gonad (IKG), dan fekunditas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan selama delapan bulan mulai Maret sampai Oktober 2015. Perkembang-an kematangan gonad diamati secara morfologi. Musim pemijahan mengacu pada hasil pengamatan langsung terhadap gonad dengan mendata ikan kembung lelaki yang telah memijah. IKG dianalisis berdasarkan perbandingan antara bobot gonad dan bobot tubuh ikan kembung lelaki, sedangkan fekunditas dihitung dengan metode gravimetrik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ikan kembung lelaki mengalami kematangan gonad sepanjang tahun dengan puncak terjadi pada bulan Juli dan Agustus. IKG berkisar 0,928-4,490. Ukuran ikan kembung lelaki betina kali pertama matang gonad adalah 21,18 cm dan jantan adalah 21,31 cm. Pemijahan terjadi setelah puncak kematangan gonad sehingga pada bulan berikutnya terjadi penurunan nilai indeks kematangan secara perlahan dan bertahap. Ikan kembung lelaki memiliki fekunditas total berkisar 11.235-40.878 butir.

The development of gonad mantis shrimp Harpiosquilla raphidea Fabricius, 1798 in Banten Bay, Indonesia

The Harpiosquilla raphidea mantis shrimp in Banten Bay is very important and an abundant marine crustacean in Indonesia. It iscommon among the most important predators in many shallow, tropical and subtropical marine habitats. Gonad maturity level of mantisshrimp Harpiosquilla raphidea was identified in four phases of development. The first size mature gonad of the female mantis shrimp is 199mm and the male is 230 mm. The gonad maturity level of the female shrimp in II, III and IV have fecundity ranging from 24.600 to76.809,with an average of 54.082±13.456 where as the diameter of the eggs at gonad maturity level III is 510‒675 µm, with an averagediameter of 574±6.98 µm.

KERAGAAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN REPRODUKSI ABALON Haliotis squamata Reeve (1846) TURUNAN KETIGA

Pengamatan pertumbuhan dan reproduksi abalon Haliotis squamata dilakukan di hatcheri Balai Besar Riset Budidaya Laut dan Penyuluhan Perikanan (BBRBLPP) Gondol, Bali. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memperoleh informasi tentang keragaan pertumbuhan dan performansi reproduksi abalon turunan ketiga. Induk H. squamata turunan kedua hasil seleksi yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan benih turunan ketiga mempunyai ukuran panjang cangkang 6,5-7,0 cm. Benih dipelihara dalam bak beton berukuran 2,5 m x 1,2 m x 1,0 m yang diberikan feeding plate sebagai substrat penempelan dan dilengkapi dengan sistem aerasi dan sistem air mengalir. Pakan yang diberikan pada awal pemeliharaan adalah diatom jenis Nitzschia sp. dan Melosira sp. yang telah ditumbuhkan terlebih dahulu pada feeding plate sebelum penebaran benih. Benih F-3 dipelihara sampai menjadi calon induk untuk diamati perkembangan reproduksinya. Pengambilan sampel pertumbuhan dilakukan setiap 10 hari. Pengamatan reproduksi dilakukan pada saat abalon mulai tumbuh gonad sampai matang gonad stadia-III. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan abalon sangat dipengaruhi ketersediaan pakan pada plate terutama pada hari ke-50. Proporsi jantan-betina abalon F-3 (3,3:1) meningkat dibandingkan dengan F-0 dari alam (2,5:1) menunjukkan ketidakseimbangan jumlah individu yang dapat disebabkan oleh tekanan seleksi. Abalon turunan ketiga pada umur 16 bulan mulai matang gonad dan dapat digunakan sebagai induk untuk pemijahan.Observation on the growth and reproduction development of Haliotis squamata had been undertaken in the hatchery of the Institute for Mariculture Research and Development (IMRAD) Gondol, Bali. The research was aimed to study of the growth and reproduction performance of filial-3 abalone in supporting seed production in hatchery. Larvae were obtained from natural spawning of filial-2 abalone broodstock with the length shell of 6.5-7.0 cm in the hatchery. Larvae were reared in 2.5 m x 1.2 m x 1.0 m concrete tank with aeration and water circulation system. Larval samples were taken every 10 days. Larvae were fed with diatom Nitzschia sp. and Melosira sp. Diatom were grown in the feeding plate before the stocking of abalone larvae. Gonadal development of F-3 abalone was observed from the beginning of the study until the mature gonad of stage-III. The result showed that the abalone growth was greatly influenced by the availability of feed in the plate especially at day 50. Abalone F-3 of sixteen months old reached maturity stage earlier compared to the control. The proportion of male-female of F-3 generation (3.3:1) was higher compared to F-0 (2.5:1), indicated the imbalance in the number of individuals that could be caused by selection pressures. These results suggest that sixteen months old abalones could be used as broodstocks for seed production in hatchery.

BIOLOGI REPRODUKSI IKAN MALALUGIS (Decapterus macarellus) DI TELUK TOMINI

Ikan Malalugis (Decapterus macarellus) merupakan ikan pelagis kecil yang banyak ditangkap di perairan Teluk Tomini dengan alat tangkap pukat cincin mini. Penangkapan secara terus menerus tanpa upaya pengendalian dikhawatirkan akan mengancam kelestariannya. Tujuannya adalah untuk menggambarkan indikator biologi reproduksi ikan malalugis di Teluk Tomini. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif. Penelitian tentang aspek reproduksi meliputi nisbah kelamin, tingkat kematangan gonad, indeks kematangan gonad dan ukuran pertama kali matang gonad dilakukan pada bulan Juni-Agustus dan Nopember 2015 di Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Tenda, Gorontalo. Sampling dilakukan terhadap 572 ekor ikan malalugis yang didaratkan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa rasio jenis kelamin jantan dan betina yaitu 1,06:1 dengan rata-rata panjang cagak (Fork length) adalah 24,75 cm. Sebagian besar ikan jantan dan betina dalam kondisi matang gonad. Musim pemijahan diindikasikan pada bulan Agustus-Nopember. Rata-rata ukuran pertama kali matang gonad ikan malalugis betina pada panjang cagak 26,94 cm dan ikan jantan pada panjang cagak 26,74 cm. Indeks kematangan gonad berkisar antara 0,01-6,15% dengan rata-rata IKG sebesar 2,09%. IKG tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Agustus sedangkan IKG terendah pada bulan November. Mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) is one of the major contributor of small pelagic fish in Tomini bay, which is being commercially exploited by mini purse seine. Mackerel scad fishing without regarding sustainability will have negative impact for the sustainability of this fish. The objective is to describe bio-reproduction indicators of the scad fishery in the area. Method used in this research was descriptive analysis. The observations on reproductive aspects include sex ratio, maturity stage, gonad somatic index, and estimate length of first maturity was conducted based on data collected during period of June-August and November 2015 at the landing place (PPI) Tenda, Gorontalo. Total specimens measured was 572 fish. The result shows that sex ratio of male and female is 1,06:1. The average of fork length was 24,75 cm. In general, the fish spawned probably between August-November. The size of the first female and male mature gonad was 26,94 cm FL and 29,74 cm FL. Gonad Somatic Index (GSI) ranged from 0,01 to 6,15%. The average of GSI is 2,09%. The highest GSI was in August and the lower was in November.

HABITAT PEMIJAHAN DAN ASUHAN IKAN BILIH Mystacoleucus padangensis (Bleeker, 1852) DI SUNGAI NABORSAHAN, DANAU TOBA, SUMATERA UTARA

Ikan bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis) merupakan salah satu ikan dari famili cyprinidae yang melakukan ruaya pemijahan dari danau menuju sungai. Habitat pemijahan dan asuhanikan bilih perlu dikaji sebelum melakukan upaya pemulihan kembali ikan bilih di Danau Toba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui habitat pemijahan dan habitat asuhan ikan bilih. Habitat pemijahan ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah ikan matang gonad dan habitat asuhan diidentifikasi berdasarkan keberadaan juvenil ikan bilih di Sungai Naborsahan, Danau Toba Sumatera Utara. Pengambilan sampel ikan bulanan (April 2013 sampai Mei 2014) dilakukan di enam stasiun yang ditentukan berdasarkan karakteristik sungai dan habitat ikan bilih. Ikan bilih matang gonad (siap mijah) dapat ditemukan di semua stasiun penelitian. Seluruh lokasi penelitian merupakan habitat pemijahan ikan bilih. Juvenil ikan bilih hanya ditemukan di stasiun 3, 4, 5 dan 6. Oleh karena itu, diduga stasiun 1 dan 2 merupakan daerah pemijahan bagi ikan bilih sedangkan stasiun 3, 4, 5, dan 6 merupakan daerah pemijahan sekaligus juga daerah asuhan ikan bilih.Bilih fish (Mystacoleucus padangensis) is a species of the Cyprinidae family that have migration pattern from the lake to the river for spawning purpose. Spawning and nursery ground of bilih fish needs to be assessed before making a recovery effort of bilih fish in Lake Toba. The purpose of this study was to determine the nursery and spawning ground of bilih fish. Spawning ground is determined based on the number of mature gonad fishes and the nursery ground identified based on the presence of juvenile fishes in the Naborsahan River, Toba Lake, North Sumatra. The montly samples (April 2013 to May 2014) were collected from six stations that was determined based on the characteristics of the river and bilih fish habitat . The results showed that the mature gonad fish can be found at all research stations. The entire study sites are spawning habitat of bilih fish. The juvenile was found at the stations 3, 4, 5 and 6. This phenomena suggests that the stations 1 and 2 possibly were only a spawning ground while the stations 3, 4, 5, and 6 were both the spawning and nursery ground of bilih fish.

INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN THE REPRODUCTIVE EFFORT AMONG THREE POPULATIONS OF AN INTERTIDAL GASTROPOD, Nerita japonica (Dunker)

The aim of the present research is to figure out the reproductive effort of Nerita japonica occurring in three different intertidal habitats of Amakusa Shimoshima Island, western Kyushu, Japan. Rocky shore population and other two stony shore populations (the upper stony shore and the lower stony shore) were described based on: (a) its mean mature gonad dry weight, (b) reproductive effort, and (c) the relationship between reproductive effort and body size. Data recorded in the period of spawning season. The results revealed that there were mean mature gonad dry weight and reproductive effort variations among three snail populations. Mean mature gonad dry weight and reproductive effort were larger for the Rocky shore population, intermediate for lower stone shore population, and smaller for the upper stone shore population. In one out of three populations, i.e., the upper stone shore population, reproductive effort of mature females increased significantly with an increase in body size. The data showed that reproductive effort is related to adult body size of N. japonica. There was an intraspecific variation in reproductive effort among three populations of N. japonica over even small geographic distances. Keywords: mature body size, mature gonad dry weight, reproductive effort, intraspecific variation, Nerita japonica. Variasi Indeks Kematangan Gonad Interspesies pada Tiga Populasi Gastropoda Intertidal, Nerita japonica (Dunder)) Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan indeks kematangan gonad dari gastropoda intertidal, Nerita japonica yang hidup di tiga habitat yang berbeda di Pulau Shimoshima Amakusa, Kyushu bagian barat, Jepang. Parameter yang diamati pada setiap populasi adalah: (a) nilai rata-rata berat kering gonad matang, (b) indeks kematangan gonad, dan (c) hubungan antara indeks kematangan gonad dan ukuran tubuh. Data dicatat pada periode musim pemijahan. Ketiga populasi memperlihatkan nilai rata-rata berat kering gonad yang matang dan indeks kematangan gonad yang berbeda. Populasi pantai berbatu memiliki nilai rata-rata berat kering matang gonad dan indeks kematangan gonad yang paling besar, diikuti oleh nilai dari populasi pantai berbatu bagian bawah dan populasi pantai berbatu bagian atas memiliki nilai yang paling kecil. Selanjutnya, satu dari tiga populasi, yaitu populasi pantai berbatu bagian atas memperlihatkan indeks kematangan gonad dari individu-individu betina N. japonica berhubungan dengan ukuran tubuhnya. Sekalipun indeks kematangan gonad dari individu-individu N. japonica meningkat secara signifikan dengan bertambahnya ukuran tubuh, namun terdapat variasi intraspesifik pada N. japonica dalam hal indeks kematangan gonad menurut habitat walaupun secara geografis berdekatan.Kata kunci: ukuran tubuh matang kelamin, berat kering gonad matang, indeks kematangan gonad, variasi intraspesifik, Nerita japonica.