The use of theEscherichia coli β-glucuronidase gene as a gene fusion marker for studies of gene expression in higher plants

1987 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD A JEFFERSON ◽  
MIKE BEVAN ◽  
TONY KAVANAGH
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Gene Fusion ◽  
Higher Plants

scholarly journals Melatonin as Master Regulator in Plant Growth, Development and Stress Alleviator for Sustainable Agricultural Production: Current Status and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
Khadija Nawaz ◽  
Rimsha Chaudhary ◽  
Ayesha Sarwar ◽  
Bushra Ahmad ◽  
Asma Gul ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Master Regulator ◽  
Abiotic Stressors ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein ◽  
Growth Development

Melatonin, a multifunctional signaling molecule, is ubiquitously distributed in different parts of a plant and responsible for stimulating several physiochemical responses against adverse environmental conditions in various plant systems. Melatonin acts as an indoleamine neurotransmitter and is primarily considered as an antioxidant agent that can control reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in plants. Melatonin, being a signaling agent, induces several specific physiological responses in plants that might serve to enhance photosynthesis, growth, carbon fixation, rooting, seed germination and defense against several biotic and abiotic stressors. It also works as an important modulator of gene expression related to plant hormones such as in the metabolism of indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinin, ethylene, gibberellin and auxin carrier proteins. Additionally, the regulation of stress-specific genes and the activation of pathogenesis-related protein and antioxidant enzyme genes under stress conditions make it a more versatile molecule. Because of the diversity of action of melatonin, its role in plant growth, development, behavior and regulation of gene expression it is a plant’s master regulator. This review outlines the main functions of melatonin in the physiology, growth, development and regulation of higher plants. Its role as anti-stressor agent against various abiotic stressors, such as drought, salinity, temperatures, UV radiation and toxic chemicals, is also analyzed critically. Additionally, we have also identified many new aspects where melatonin may have possible roles in plants, for example, its function in improving the storage life and quality of fruits and vegetables, which can be useful in enhancing the environmentally friendly crop production and ensuring food safety.

scholarly journals Non-coding RNAs in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements: the signatures, causes, functions and implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 886-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cai Han ◽  
Lin-Yu Sun ◽  
Wen-Tao Wang ◽  
Yu-Meng Sun ◽  
Yue-Qin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Fusion Proteins ◽  
Gene Fusion ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Chromosomal Translocation ◽  
Chromosomal Translocations ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Chromosomal translocation leads to the juxtaposition of two otherwise separate DNA loci, which could result in gene fusion. These rearrangements at the DNA level are catastrophic events and often have causal roles in tumorigenesis. The oncogenic DNA messages are transferred to RNA molecules, which are in most cases translated into cancerous fusion proteins. Gene expression programs and signaling pathways are altered in these cytogenetically abnormal contexts. Notably, non-coding RNAs have attracted increasing attention and are believed to be tightly associated with chromosome-rearranged cancers. These RNAs not only function as modulators in downstream pathways but also directly affect chromosomal translocation or the associated products. This review summarizes recent research advances on the relationship between non-coding RNAs and chromosomal translocations and on diverse functions of non-coding RNAs in cancers with chromosomal rearrangements.

scholarly journals A combined gene expression tool for parallel histological prediction and gene fusion detection in non-small cell lung cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Karlsson ◽  
Helena Cirenajwis ◽  
Kajsa Ericson-Lindquist ◽  
Hans Brunnström ◽  
Christel Reuterswärd ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Gene Fusion ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Fusion Detection

Calreticulin, a multifunctional Ca2+ binding chaperone of the endoplasmic reticulum

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Michalak ◽  
Paola Mariani ◽  
Michal Opas
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Posttranslational Modification ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Steroid Sensitive ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Chaperone ◽  
Precise Role ◽  
Cellular Ca

Calreticulin is a ubiquitous endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ binding chaperone. The protein has been implicated in a variety of diverse functions. Calreticulin is a lectin-like chaperone and, together with calnexin, it plays an important role in quality control during protein synthesis, folding, and posttranslational modification. Calreticulin binds Ca2+ and affects cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. The protein increases the Ca2+ storage capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum and modulates the function of endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase. Calreticulin also plays a role in the control of cell adhesion and steroid-sensitive gene expression. Recently, the protein has been identified and characterized in higher plants but its precise role in plant cells awaits further investigation.Key words: calreticulin, endoplasmic reticulum, chaperone, Ca2+ binding protein.

Photosynthetic gene expression in higher plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 117 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 91-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
James O. Berry ◽  
Pradeep Yerramsetty ◽  
Amy M. Zielinski ◽  
Christopher M. Mure
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Photosynthetic Gene

scholarly journals Wheat Germination Is Dependent on Plant Target of Rapamycin Signaling

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bauyrzhan Smailov ◽  
Sanzhar Alybayev ◽  
Izat Smekenov ◽  
Aibek Mursalimov ◽  
Murat Saparbaev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Central Component ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Aleurone Layer ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wheat Embryo ◽  
Wheat Germination

Germination is a process of seed sprouting that facilitates embryo growth. The breakdown of reserved starch in the endosperm into simple sugars is essential for seed germination and subsequent seedling growth. At the early stage of germination, gibberellic acid (GA) activates transcription factor GAMYB to promote de novo synthesis of isoforms of α-amylase in the aleurone layer and scutellar epithelium of the embryo. Here, we demonstrate that wheat germination is regulated by plant target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling. TOR is a central component of the essential-nutrient–dependent pathway controlling cell growth in all eukaryotes. It is known that rapamycin, a highly specific allosteric inhibitor of TOR, is effective in yeast and animal cells but ineffective in most of higher plants likely owing to structural differences in ubiquitous rapamycin receptor FKBP12. The action of rapamycin on wheat growth has not been studied. Our data show that rapamycin inhibits germination of wheat seeds and of their isolated embryos in a dose-dependent manner. The involvement of Triticum aestivum TOR (TaTOR) in wheat germination was consistent with the suppression of wheat embryo growth by specific inhibitors of the TOR kinase: pp242 or torin1. Rapamycin or torin1 interfered with GA function in germination because of a potent inhibitory effect on α-amylase and GAMYB gene expression. The TOR inhibitors selectively targeted the GA-dependent gene expression, whereas expression of the abscisic acid-dependent ABI5 gene was not affected by either rapamycin or torin1. To determine whether the TaTOR kinase activation takes place during wheat germination, we examined phosphorylation of a ribosomal protein, T. aestivum S6 kinase 1 (TaS6K1; a substrate of TOR). The phosphorylation of serine 467 (S467) in a hydrophobic motif on TaS6K1 was induced in a process of germination triggered by GA. Moreover, the germination-induced phosphorylation of TaS6K1 on S467 was dependent on TaTOR and was inhibited by rapamycin or torin1. Besides, a gibberellin biosynthesis inhibitor (paclobutrazol; PBZ) blocked not only α-amylase gene expression but also TaS6K1 phosphorylation in wheat embryos. Thus, a hormonal action of GA turns on the synthesis of α-amylase in wheat germination via activation of the TaTOR–S6K1 signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Variation in plastid genomes in the gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Krüger ◽  
Oushadee A. J. Abeyawardana ◽  
Miloslav Juříček ◽  
Claudia Krüger ◽  
Helena Štorchová
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Complete Mitochondrial Genome ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Silene Vulgaris ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Plastid Genomes

Abstract Background Gynodioecious species exist in two sexes – male-sterile females and hermaphrodites. Male sterility in higher plants often results from mitonuclear interaction between the CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) gene(s) encoded by mitochondrial genome and by nuclear-encoded restorer genes. Mitochondrial and nuclear-encoded transcriptomes in females and hermaphrodites are intensively studied, but little is known about sex-specific gene expression in plastids. We have compared plastid transcriptomes between females and hermaphrodites in two haplotypes of a gynodioecious species Silene vulgaris with known CMS candidate genes. Results We generated complete plastid genome sequences from five haplotypes S. vulgaris including the haplotypes KRA and KOV, for which complete mitochondrial genome sequences were already published. We constructed a phylogenetic tree based on plastid sequences of S. vulgaris. Whereas lowland S. vulgaris haplotypes including KRA and KOV clustered together, the accessions from high European mountains diverged early in the phylogram. S. vulgaris belongs among Silene species with slowly evolving plastid genomes, but we still detected 212 substitutions and 112 indels between two accessions of this species. We estimated elevated Ka/Ks in the ndhF gene, which may reflect the adaptation of S. vulgaris to high altitudes, or relaxed selection. We compared depth of coverage and editing rates between female and hermaphrodite plastid transcriptomes and found no significant differences between the two sexes. We identified 51 unique C to U editing sites in the plastid genomes of S. vulgaris, 38 of them in protein coding regions, 2 in introns, and 11 in intergenic regions. The editing site in the psbZ gene was edited only in one of two plastid genomes under study. Conclusions We revealed no significant differences between the sexes in plastid transcriptomes of two haplotypes of S. vulgaris. It suggests that gene expression of plastid genes is not affected by CMS in flower buds of S. vulgaris, although both sexes may still differ in plastid gene expression in specific tissues. We revealed the difference between the plastid transcriptomes of two S. vulgaris haplotypes in editing rate and in the coverage of several antisense transcripts. Our results document the variation in plastid genomes and transcriptomes in S. vulgaris.

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