Growth Hormone-Induced Changes in Myofibrillar Protein Breakdown in Hypopituitary Children

1983 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Ballard ◽  
J. L. Burgoyne ◽  
F. M. Tomas ◽  
J. L. Penfold
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
The Body ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Breakdown Rate ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Induced Changes

1. Creatinine and Nτ-methylhistidine excretion rates have been measured in 13 hypopituitary children to calculate the body muscle contents and rates of myofibrillar protein breakdown. Analyses have been made during periods of growth hormone withdrawal and subsequent administration. 2. The creatinine excretion rate was lower in the hypopituitary children, indicating a lower muscle content per kg body weight. This difference persisted even in children who had received growth hormone for several years. 3. Excretion of Nτ-methylhistidine was reduced by the administration of growth hormone. 4. The fractional breakdown rate of myofibrillar protein, as calculated from the Nτ-methylhistidine to creatinine molar excretion ratio, averaged 1.76%/day in the four youngest children during growth hormone withdrawal. This was significantly higher than for control children of a similar age (P < 0.02) and was reduced to the normal rate of 1.47%/day by growth hormone administration. 5. in older children the fractional rate of myofibrillar protein degradation remained in the normal range irrespective of growth hormone treatment. 6. These results are discussed in the context of the anabolic effects of growth hormone on muscle being partly explained by its action to decrease rates of protein breakdown.

scholarly journals How sociophenomenology of the body problematises the ‘problem-oriented approach’ to growth hormone treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-11
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Murano ◽  
Jenny Slatman ◽  
Kristin Zeiler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychological Assessments ◽  
Objective Space ◽  
Oriented Approach

This article examines how people who are shorter than average make sense of their lived experience of embodiment. It offers a sociophenomenological analysis of 10 semistructured interviews conducted in the Netherlands, focusing on if, how, and why height matters to them. It draws theoretically on phenomenological discussions of lived and objective space, intercorporeality and norms about bodies. The analysis shows that height as a lived phenomenon (1) is active engagement in space, (2) coshapes habituated ways of behaving and (3) is shaped by gendered norms and beliefs about height. Based on this analysis, the article challenges what we label as the ‘problem-oriented approach’ to discussions about growth hormone treatment for children with idiopathic short stature. In this approach, possible psychosocial disadvantages or problems of short stature and quantifiable height become central to the ethical evaluation of growth hormone treatment at the expense of first-hand lived experiences of short stature and height as a lived phenomenon. Based on our sociophenomenological analysis, this paper argues that the rationale for giving growth hormone treatment should combine medical and psychological assessments with investigations of lived experiences of the child. Such an approach would allow considerations not only of possible risks or disadvantages of short stature but also of the actual ways in which the child makes sense of her or his height.

EFFECT OF NEONATAL HYPERTHYROIDISM ON PITUITARY STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION IN THE RAT

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. EAYRS ◽  
R. L. HOLMES
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Neonatal Hyperthyroidism ◽  
And Function

SUMMARY 1. Infant rats were given doses of l-triiodothyronine (T3) alone and combined with growth hormone during different periods of development. The effects of these treatments on the growth of the body and on the size and structure of the pituitary and thyroid glands have been examined. 2. At the dose levels given, the growth of the body and of the thyroid and pituitary glands was impaired. This impairment persisted in rats treated during the first 24 days of life and in animals in which treatment was confined to the 2–4th days long after injections had been discontinued and well into adult life. It did not persist in rats in which treatment was begun after the 14th day of age. 3. There were no obvious structural changes in the thyroid gland apart from its reduced size. All treatments were followed by pituitary changes characterized by a severe reduction, both in relative and absolute amount, of acidophilic tissue. There was only minor restoration of these changes after discontinuation of the hormone treatment except in rats injected after the 14th day in which recovery was complete. Changes in the amount of mucoid tissue (PAS-positive cells) were variable and generally of doubtful statistical significance. Non-secretory tissue was unaffected. 4. Administration of growth hormone in combination with T3 for the first 24 days of life did not give rise to effects which were noticeably different from those of giving T3 alone over the same period. 5. Possible explanations for these findings and the interrelationship between the pituitary changes and impaired growth are discussed.

Biosynthetic growth hormone changes the collagen and elastin contents and biomechanical properties of the rat aorta

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemarie Brüel ◽  
Hans Oxlund
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Collagen Type ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Collagen Type I ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Type I

Abstract The biomechanical and biochemical properties of aortas from female rats treated with biosynthetic human GH (b-hGH) for 80 days were investigated. b-hGH was administered at a dose of 5 mg·kg−1·d−1. Treatment with b-hGH increased the body weight by 75% and the diameter of the aorta by 14% compared with the control group. The concentration of collagen and the relative amount of collagen type I were increased, and the concentration of elastin was decreased. Aortas from the b-hGH-treated group showed increased extensibility in the regions corresponding to physiological load values (i.e. 100-200 mmHg), and increased stiffness in regions with higher load values. The increased extensibility at low load values corresponds well with the loss of elastin, and the increased stiffness at higher load values with the increase of collagen and relative increase of collagen type I. These alterations induced by the growth hormone treatment might influence the elasticity and recoiling properties of the aorta.

scholarly journals Assessment of anterior-posterior spinal curvatures in children suffering from hypopituitarism

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Kobylińska ◽  
Roksana Malak ◽  
Katarzyna Majewska ◽  
Andrzej Kędzia ◽  
Włodzimierz Samborski
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Hormone Therapy ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Growth Hormone Therapy ◽  
Alpha Angle ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Spinal Curvatures ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Abstract Background Body posture may be disordered by vestibular dysfunction, neurological disorders, problems with the distribution of muscle tone, brain injuries, and other dysfunctions. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) can lead to many disorders, particularly of the musculoskeletal system. During treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH), an increase in muscle mass and an improvement in bone structure can be observed in children suffering from hypopituitarism from GHD. Methods The study involved 33 children suffering from hypopituitarism with GHD (9 girls and 24 boys), aged 10–14 years old. Measurements of the magnitude of their anterior–posterior spinal curvatures were made using an inclinometer. The children were examined at the medianus of the sacrum bone, the Th12–L1 intervertebral area, and the C7–Th1 intervertebral area. In order to characterize the anterior–posterior curvature of the spine, the results were compared with the general norms reported by Saunders. Statistical calculations were carried out using the statistical package Statistica 10 PL. Results Lumbar lordosis angles were higher in the patients currently receiving growth hormone (GH) treatment than in those who had yet to receive it. There is a statistically significant positive correlation between the length of growth hormone treatment and the alpha angle. There are also statistically significant correlations between age at the beginning of growth hormone therapy and the angle of lordosis. Statistically significant correlations were also seen between age at the beginning of growth hormone therapy and the alpha angle. Conclusions Although there may be changes in posture at the beginning of rhGH treatment, the sooner growth hormone therapy begins, the better the body posture. The longer the growth hormone treatment, the better the posture, as expressed by the alpha angle in the sagittal plane.

scholarly journals Regulation of total and myofibrillar protein breakdown in rat extensor digitorum longus and soleus muscle incubated flaccid or at resting length

1990 ◽  
Vol 267 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
P O Hasselgren ◽  
M Hall-Angerås ◽  
U Angerås ◽  
D Benson ◽  
J H James ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Extensor Digitorum Longus ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
Extensor Digitorum ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Breakdown Rate ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Breakdown Rates

The present study characterized total and myofibrillar protein breakdown rates in a muscle preparation frequently used in vitro, i.e. incubated extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and soleus (SOL) muscles of young rats. Total and myofibrillar protein breakdown rates were assessed by determining net production by the incubated muscles of tyrosine and 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) respectively. Both amino acids were determined by h.p.l.c. Both total and myofibrillar protein breakdown rates were higher in SOL than in EDL muscles and were decreased by incubating the muscles maintained at resting length, rather than flaccid. After fasting for 72 h, total protein breakdown (i.e. tyrosine release) was increased by 73% and 138% in EDL muscles incubated flaccid and at resting length respectively. Net production of tyrosine by SOL muscle was not significantly altered by fasting. In contrast, myofibrillar protein degradation (i.e. 3-MH release) was markedly increased by fasting in both muscles. When tissue was incubated in the presence of 1 munit of insulin/ml, total protein breakdown rate was inhibited by 17-20%, and the response to the hormone was similar in muscles incubated flaccid or at resting length. In contrast, myofibrillar protein breakdown rate was not altered by insulin in any of the muscle preparations. The results support the concepts of individual regulation of myofibrillar and non-myofibrillar proteins and of different effects of various conditions on protein breakdown in different types of skeletal muscle. Thus determination of both tyrosine and 3-MH production in red and white muscle is important for a more complete understanding of protein regulation in skeletal muscle.

N τ-Methylhistidine Excretion and Myofibrillar Protein Breakdown in Patients Receiving Intravenous or Enteral Nutrition

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. B. Holbrook ◽  
E. Gross ◽  
P. J. Milewski ◽  
K. Shipley ◽  
M. H. Irving
Keyword(s):  
Enteral Nutrition ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Breakdown Rate ◽  
Creatinine Excretion ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Breakdown Rates ◽  
Invasive Measurement

1. Nτ-Methylhistidine, nitrogen and creatinine were measured in the urine of 10 volunteers on normal and meat-free diets and in 10 vegetarians, and compared with the results from the urine of eight patients with intestinal fistulae on intravenous or enteral nutrition containing no meat. The values obtained were used to calculate fractional breakdown rate of myofibrillar protein. 2. There was a significant fall in the excretion of Nτ-methylhistidine and creatinine and in apparent fractional breakdown rates after 2 days on a meat-free diet. 3. One of the patients had lower, and two of the patients had higher, fractional breakdown rates compared with the vegetarians. 4. Nτ-Methylhistidine and creatinine excretion-5-be a useful and non-invasive measurement of myofibrillar protein degradation in patients on meat-free diets. Firm conclusions cannot, however, be drawn without confirmatory, direct measurement of the breakdown rates of muscle protein in vivo.

Effects of Growth Hormone Treatment beyond the Body Fat Changes in GH-deficient Adults

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung Wook Kim ◽  
Su Youn Nam ◽  
Dong Sun Kim ◽  
Chul Woo Ahn ◽  
Kyung Rae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
The Body

Effect of growth hormone on carbohydrate metabolism in normal and hypophysectomized dogs; studies with C14 glucose

1958 ◽  
Vol 196 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Altszuler ◽  
R. Steele ◽  
J. S. Wall ◽  
A. Dunn ◽  
R. C. de Bodo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Endogenous Insulin

Using trace amounts of C14 glucose, introduced intravenously by a priming injection along with a continuous constant infusion, the effect of a growth hormone regimen on the size of body glucose pool and on the rate of glucose utilization as well as production was studied in unanesthetized normal and hypophysectomized dogs. In both types of animals the growth hormone regimen increased the size of the body glucose pool. More significantly the growth hormone regimen increased the rate of glucose utilization as well as the rate of glucose production. It is proposed that the inhibitory effect of injected growth hormone on glucose uptake observed in isolated diaphragm is overcome in vivo by an increased endogenous insulin secretion evoked by the extra glucose produced as a result of the growth hormone treatment.

Measurements of Myofibrillar Protein Breakdown in Newborn Human Infants

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 421-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Burgoyne ◽  
F. J. Ballard ◽  
F. M. Tomas ◽  
A. Dobozy ◽  
A. H. MacLennan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Degradation Rate ◽  
Myofibrillar Protein ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Excretion Ratio ◽  
Human Infants ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Breakdown Rate ◽  
Ion Exchange Separation

1. Myofibrillar protein breakdown was calculated from the urinary excretion ratio of Nτ-methylhistidine (3-methylhistidine) to creatinine in newborn premature and full-term infants. Representative values were obtained from single voidings provided that the infant's metabolic status was stable. 2. Nτ-Methylhistidine in infant urine was measured by a rapid Auto Analyser method and shown to give similar values to those obtained by ion-exchange separation techniques. 3. The molar excretion ratio of Nτ-methylhistidine to creatinine averaged 0·0159 in urine samples obtained within 12 h after birth. A similar ratio was found in amniotic fluid collected at birth. It is argued that this ratio does not reflect a low rate of myofibrillar protein breakdown in the foetus, but rather a more effective transplacental passage of Nτ-methylhistidine than of creatinine. 4. The urinary ratio increased during the first 2 days after birth to a plateau at 0·0372. This represents a myofibrillar protein degradation rate of 3·40% day−1 in full-term infants. 5. The molar excretion ratio during the period 40–120 h after birth increased in premature infants and reflects a fractional degradation rate of 5·34% day−1 in those infants weighing less than 1 kg at birth. 6. Lower excretion ratios were found in some infants of diabetic mothers and in athyroid infants. 7. The urinary excretion ratio of Nτ-methylhistidine to creatinine is presented as a useful method for evaluating the breakdown rate of myofibrillar protein in neonates and can be applied to a number of abnormal nutritional or hormonal states.

Short-term growth hormone treatment does not increase muscle protein synthesis in experienced weight lifters

1993 ◽  
Vol 74 (6) ◽  
pp. 3073-3076 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Yarasheski ◽  
J. J. Zachweija ◽  
T. J. Angelopoulos ◽  
D. M. Bier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Protein Breakdown ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Fractional Rate ◽  
Weight Lifters

The purpose of this study was to determine whether recombinant human growth hormone (GH) administration enhances muscle protein anabolism in experienced weight lifters. The fractional rate of skeletal muscle protein synthesis and the whole body rate of protein breakdown were determined during a constant intravenous infusion of [13C]leucine in 7 young (23 +/- 2 yr; 86.2 +/- 4.6 kg) healthy experienced male weight lifters before and at the end of 14 days of subcutaneous GH administration (40 microgram.kg-1 x day-1). GH administration increased fasting serum insulin-like growth factor-I (from 224 +/- 20 to 589 +/- 80 ng/ml, P = 0.002) but did not increase the fractional rate of muscle protein synthesis (from 0.034 +/- 0.004 to 0.034 +/- 0.002%/h) or reduce the rate of whole body protein breakdown (from 103 +/- 4 to 108 +/- 5 mumol.kg-1 x h-1). These findings suggest that short-term GH treatment does not increase the rate of muscle protein synthesis or reduce the rate of whole body protein breakdown, metabolic alterations that would promote muscle protein anabolism in experienced weight lifters attempting to further increase muscle mass.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document